Pasi chibvumirano Rugare Westphalia Spain aiziva rusununguko Holland. Terms of Peace chokuWestphalia. hondo-gore 30 (1618-1648)

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zviitiko rechi17 - kwemakore 30 hondo 1618-1648. Rakanga wakapindwa zvinenge zvose nyika dzokuEurope, yava akasiya mamiriyoni vanotambura. The inokosha pfungwa muhondo iyi aisa chibvumirano rinonzi "Rugare Westphalia". migumisiro Its zvave inokosha yemberi yose European nhoroondo. Akaiswa mujeri musi 15 uye 24 October 1648, pashure Nhaurirano refu, kubvira muna 1644 uye vaisagona kugutsa mamiriro kuvatori vechikamu vese.

Rugare Westphalia muna 1648

Iye aibatanidza Münster uye Osnabrück runyararo zvibvumirano akapedzisa gore rino muWestphalia. Muguta Münster vakabata hurukuro vamiririri dzeRoma, uye muna Osnabrück - kubva muRoma divi. Dzimwe Rugare Westphalia, uye anosanganisira chibvumirano akapedzisa January 30 chete gore, Spain, uye United Kumapurovhinzi kweNetherlands, uko kwakaguma War Years masere ', sezvo kurwisana pakati nyika idzi uye vaongorori funga chikamu Makore Matatu.

Chii mubatanidzwa zvibvumirano?

Osnabrück chibvumirano chiri chibvumirano akapedzisa pakati Holy weRoma, Sweden yayo vakabatana.

Münster hweRoma akaita yakasainwa pamwe France uye nyika akatsigira nayo (ichi zvinosanganisira Netherlands, Venice, savoy, Hungary). Ava vaviri inoti makatora yakadaro Zvinoshingaira mune njodzi yakakura chikamu Europe, nekuti ari wechitatu, uye chinonyanya kukosha, iyo yakaoma iri Matatu Makore War, ivo vakabatsira kuti kusunungura vehondo nevaRoma izvo vakabatsira kusabatana ravo ramangwana. Rugare Westphalia dzinowanzotsigi- akasarudzwa zvokudya izvo kuona miganhu kuchinja, mamiriro enyika uye zvechitendero muna Hutsvene hweRoma.

Results of-gore 30 hondo

Pavanotaurirana yakaguma chete nyika? Pasi chibvumirano Rugare Westphalia Spain aiziva kuzvimirira kweNetherlands. Uyewo, maererano gwaro rino, nyika kuti akunda Yemakore Makumi Matatu War - France uye Sweden, vakagadzwa guarantors pokuita nenyika. Izvi nesimba kudzora zviito akasaina chibvumirano, uye pasina dzavo kubvumirana, hazvina kushandura chimwe nyaya. Saka, zvose zviri Europe akadzivirirwa chero yose kuchinja zvingaita kuti kukanganisa kuchengetedzwa kunyika dzakawanda. Uye kubva, nemhaka chibvumirano, Kesari yokuGermany yakanga simba, vamwe masimba makuru kugona Musatya ake simba. Rugare Westphalia vakabatsira zvaikosha miganhu redrawing, kunyanya nyasha nokukunda masimba France uye Sweden.

Rimwe achinje izvi pamepu ndechokuti pasi chibvumirano Rugare Westphalia Spain aiziva rusununguko kuUnited Kumapurovhinzi. mamiriro ichi, waitanga hondo yorusununguko kundorwa Catholic Spain sezvo kupandukira, akagamuchira muna 1648 international kuzivikanwa.

Kuti mune nyika kuti akunda hondo?

Maererano chisarudzo kutorwa ari kusaina of Peace chokuWestphalia, umambo wokuSweden akabhadhara mupiro iri miriyoni 5 talers. Uyezve, iye akaenda chitsuwa Rügen, Western Pomerania uye chikamu East (pamwe Stettin), guta Wismar, yeveubhishopi pakati Verdun uye archbishopric pakati Valenza (Valenza muguta pachayo kwakanga kusina mumwe).

Sweden akaendawo pamuromo dzakawanda zvenzizi kuchamhembe kweGermany. Kuva nenguva yayo dziripo ukuru German, Mambo Sweden aiva nomukana kutumira wevatariri kuna Imperial Diet.

France kuti kusaina of Peace chokuWestphalia akaita kuti zvibvire kuti vawane zvarinoroora pakati Habsburgs, iri nharaunda yeAlsace, asi pasina muGuta muStrasbourg, uyewo uchangamire pamusoro wandei bishoprics muna Lorraine. New zvarinoroora pashure kusaina chibvumirano uye kuwedzera munyika rakamubatsira mune ramangwana kutora hegemonic nzvimbo iri Europe.

German Duchy pamusoro Mecklenburg-neSchwerin, Brunswick-Lüneburg uye Brandenburg, izvo chakatsigirwa rinokunda nyika, uyewo vakagamuchira zvikomborero - vakakwanisa kuwedzera Holdings zvavo somugumisiro kubatana dzisinganamati bishoprics uye dzemamongi. By Saxony somugumisiro chibvumirano uyu yakatora Luzatsiya, uye akapinda Bavarian Upper Palatinate. Elector Brandegburgsky yakagamuchirawo kwakadzama kwavo nyika iri iyo Prussia yakaumbwa gare gare.

Kuti akauya nyika vokuGermany?

Terms of Peace chokuWestphalia zvakadai kuti Emperor German ndarasikirwa inokosha mari ekare kodzero dzavo. Panyaya iyi, machinda German vakava yakazvimirira kubva gavhuna weRoma, uye vakakwanisa kutevera yakazvimirira vavatorwa mudzimba negwaro. Somuenzaniso, vanogona kubatanidzwa zvisarudzo pamusoro kwehondo uye norugare basa ravo rakanga huwandu kwemitero, wainyanya pamusoro pavo kuitwa mitemo muUmambo hweRoma.

machinda chaiwo aigonawo kupinda zvibvumirwano nedzimwe inoti. Chinhu bedzi haana kuwanikwa kwavari - nokuchengetedza nemibatanidzwa nedzimwe masimba pamusoro mutongi hweRoma. Kutaura mutauro ano, mushure Kusayiniranwa ichi maduramazwi machinda German vakava vanotongwa mutemo dzakawanda uye kuti Zvinoshingaira muupenyu enyika muEurope. Achisimbisa chinzvimbo chavo akatsigira paumbwe yeUnited maumbirwo Germany ano.

upenyu Religious pashure 1648

With Panyaya zvechitendero, somugumisiro Rugare Westphalia muGermany vane kuenzana kwekodzero vaKaturike, Calvin uye vaLutheran uye inonyoreswa ari zvenyika dzechechi kunyika, rakanga kuitwa 20-ies yacho XVII remakore. Napashure electors kugona kusarudza kuti vagari nechitendero chavo. Uyezve, pasi chibvumirano Rugare Westphalia Spain aiziva rusununguko Holland. Yeuka kuti kusunungurwa sangano munyika ino kwakatanga mienzaniso pamusoro Catholic Spain. Kutaura zvazviri, sungano iyi inonyoreswa enyika kusabatana Germany, kudzidza munhoroondo iyi paakaenda rudzi urwu.

Saka, Rugare Westphalia ave yekudyidzana akasimbisa simba France vakwidziridzwe kubva Arch-somukwikwidzi, Spain, vanoti Kekutanga pakati European inoti zvose.

Chimwe basa rinokosha chibvumirano ichi, izvo kare vanoti: ndiro hwaro nekutambira zvibvumirano zvose European kusvikira XVIII remakore, apo French kwakaitika. Bourgeois chimurenga. Pasi chibvumirano Rugare Westphalia Spain aiziva kuzvimirira kubva kuNorthern Netherlands. Uyewo, yemarudzi pamutemo wenyika Swiss Union.

The kukosha Peace chokuWestphalia

Saka, chibvumirano akadana chiitiko kuti akaparirwa yazvino kuti nyika, iyo inopa kuvapo munyika rudzi-inoti nokuitika zvimwe zvinodiwa mutemo dzakawanda. Pfungwa enyika pachiyero, zvichida yakaumbwa somugumisiro mugadziriro Rugare Westphalia. Tsika kugadzirisa kunzwisisa miganhu, ezvemitemo uye zvechitendero nyaya iri ukama maviri kana kupfuura States pakushandisa chipingaidzo vamwe masimba simba uye nesimba European azviratidza kubvira ipapo.

The kukosha-gore 30 hondo kuti paumbwe kuitika zviri pamutemo hurongwa

Pfungwa yokuti 'Westphalian ino ", iro rinoreva kuti nyika mutemo uye nzvimbo akauya mushure 1648, rinoreva nechokwadi uchangamire chero veHurumende chepamutemo mundima yayo. Kusvikira XIX remakore mitemo chibvumirano uye ezvinhu Rugare Westphalia dzinongoita pakutsvaga mitemo Hutsvene hweRoma.

Mushure pakuonekwa chibvumirano kunyanya kusimbisa kodzero kudzorwa chiKristu chine tsika Roman Catholic Christianity, izvo zvakakosha kubva nemaonero sayenzi nemagariro. Zvisinei, masayendisiti akawanda zvimwe zvikanganiso zviri zvokudya, izvo mushure kusaina chesungano aifanira vagari Germany kurarama. Saka, vakamanikidzwa kuita chitendero, mutongi vakasanangurwa, kuti ndizvo chaizvo chitendero rusununguko hariko. Asi, pasinei zvikanganiso, Rugare Westphalia ndiye wokutanga (uye vakabudirira) kuedza kuumba kwegadziriro mutemo dzakawanda.