Nzira yekuenda kuGungwa Dzvuku: nzizi dzipi dzinopinda mukati

Imwe yemakungwa ari kure zvikuru kubva kumahombekombe enyika ndeyeGungwa Dzvuku. Inowanikwa mukati mekondinendi uye inobatanidza neAtlantic Ocean kuburikidza nematambudziko. Pamahombekombe ayo uri Ukraine, Romania, Russia, Bulgaria, Abkhazia, Turkey, Georgia. Ndezvipi nzizi dzinoyerera muGungwa Dzvuku? Ndeapi nyika Gungwa Dzvuku? Nyaya idzi dzinowanikwa munyaya yacho.

Gungwa Dzvuku: dziva rokushambira

Gungwa iri, seCaspian, rakapoteredzwa kumativi ose nenyika. Zvisinei, haikwanisi kudanwa chisina mvura: kuburikidza nechepakamanikidzika kaBossporus inogamuchira mvura kubva kuNyika Yenyika. Nzizi dzinotakura mvura dzayo kuGungwa Dzvuku dzakakwana zvekuti dzinouita mamita mashomanana pamusoro pehutano hweAtlantic iyo inosanganiswa kuburikidza nematambudziko. Somugumisiro, imwe yemazuva ano inoyerera ichienda neBosphorus kusvika kuGungwa reMarmara - rakatsva. Inenge chikamu chechina cheEurope yakashambidzwa nemvura yemariti inopinda muGungwa Dzvuku. Ndezvipi nzizi dzinoyerera mukati maro? Yakanyanya uye yakakura. Vanoenda kunharaunda kanomwe nzvimbo yegungwa pachayo. Mvura yakakura yakawanda yemvura inobva kuEurope ine simba guru pane mhuka uye zvirimwa zvirimwa pedyo nemiromo. Mvura, kaviri yakachena seyceanic, haibvumiri mhuka dzakawanda dzegungwa kuti dzigare muGungwa Dzvuku. Zvisinei, phytoplankton yayo yakawanda uye yakawanda kwose kwose.

Rwizi rukuru pane yose muGungwa Dzvuku

Nzizi dzipi dzinopinda muGungwa Dzvuku? Iyo Danube ine simba uye inotyisa, inonzi Dnipro, inorumbidzwa nevanhu, iyo inofungidzira uye ine unyoro Dniester, iyo isina kukwana inonzi Southern Bug, inoputika Rioni nemimwe nzizi. Inenge zana zana inotapira, huru uye duku, inouya nemvura yavo kuGungwa Dzvuku.

Rwizi yakadzama ndiyo Danube. Ndiyo yakakura muUnited States - inotangira muGermany, inoyerera kuburikidza nenyika dzenyika gumi uye inoyerera kumucheto weRomania neUkraine kuGungwa Dzvuku. Ndeipi nzizi dzinoyerera muDanube? Zviduku, zvinoda kubva kumakomo eAlpine neCarpathian, kuunganidza mvura kubva kumapani eEurope: Tisa, Sava, Prut, Vag nevamwe. Danube inoshambidzwa nemabhandi emakuta makuru eEurope: Belgrade, Budapest, Vienna, Bratislava. Danube yakasiyana uye inofadza pakuti imwe chikamu chayo inoyerera pasi pevhu - iri makiromita gumi nemaviri kubva pane. Pano, chinhu chakakosha zvikuru ndecheAachsky, kuburikidza necho kune kuwirirana kune rimwe rwizi rukuru rweEurope - Rhinini.

Dnieper uye Dniester

Ndeipi dzimwe nzizi huru dzinoyerera muGungwa Dzvuku? Hazvigoneki kutadza kunyanya kukudzwa kweDnieper, iyo inowirawo mairi. Ndiyo rwizi rwechipiri rwakakura muGungwa Dzvuku: kureba kwayo kubva kune imwe nzvimbo iri kuchamhembe kweValdai Upland kusvika pamuromo weDnieper Estuary inopfuura 2200 km. Dnieper inopfuurira nomunharaunda yehurumende nhatu: Belarus, Russia neUkraine. Iko kunowanikwa muRussia, mune Smolensk region, muromo - muKherson nzvimbo yeUkraine. MuSlavonic annals iyi ndiyo zita rinowanzozivikanwa. Pamabhanga ayo akaumbwa Rus. Kutaura kwokutanga kwaro kunowanika mune zvekare zvechiGiriki zvinyorwa zvezana remakore rechi5 BC. E. Iye zvino guta guru pane iri rwizi ndiKiev. Dnieper inobatanidzawo nzvimbo yeguta reSmolensk, Mogilev, Kremenchug, Dnepropetrovsk neKherson, iyo inoramba ichienda kuGungwa Dzvuku. Nzizi dzipi dzinopinda muDnieper? Iine mamiriyoni makumi maviri nemakumi mashanu, makuru acho ari Desna, Berezina, Pripyat, Sozh.

Zvakakodzera kutaura nezvemwe rumwe rwizi runotakura mvura yaro kuGungwa Dzvuku. Uyu ndiye Dniester. Anochengetedza nzira kubva kuMabvazuva kweCarpathians kuenda kuDniester mudenga. Rwizi runopfuura nharaunda yezvikamu zviviri - Ukraine neMoldova. Dhaka yeDniester inodzivirirwa neRamsar Convention. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti pamabhanji ayo anokura michero yakawanda isingadiwi. Mvura yeDniester inoshambidzwa nenharaunda yemaguta akadai saTiraspol, Khotyn, Soroki nevamwe. Yaro yakarurama, iro rwizi Bull, runopinda nomuguta weMoldova - Chisinau.

Rwizi rweRussia Gungwa Dzvuku

Mubvunzo iwoyo nzizi dzeRussia dzinopinda muGungwa Dzvuku dzinogona kupindurwa zvakajeka: dzose dzinogara makomo, sezvo Gungwa DzemaGungwa reNyika iri mumakomo. Izvo zviduku, kureba hazviwanzopfuura 100 km. Mukurumbira wavo ndeyeMzymta, Matsesta, Ashe, Psou nevamwe. Nzizi dzeMakomo dzeCaucasus dzinokurumidza uye dzinonetsa. Mzymta ine urefu hwakareba: inotangira kumusoro mumakomo eCaucasian uye inoyerera pedyo neAdler kuGungwa Dzvuku. Nzizi dzipi dzinopinda muGungwa Dzvuku pedyo nemhenderekedzo yeCrimea? Aya ndiwo masheta ane unhu hwakasiyana zvachose. Nzvimbo dzakawanda dzeCrimean Peninsula dzinomira panguva yechando. Somuenzaniso, Samarli naTobbe-Chokrak. Imwe ye nzizi dzakanyatsokwira zvikuru ndeyeBelbek River, iyo inopinda muGungwa Dzvuku makiromita mashoma kubva kuSevastopol.