Valdai Hills: zororo, nzizi uye mamiriro okunze. Valdai Hills pamepu

Chimwe chezvinhu wakajeka uye nemamwe zvayo runako, okunze uye zvakasikwa zviri munzvimbo Russian ndiye Valdai Hills. Mumwoyo kwayo riri taundi Valdai, vane nhoroondo anoenda makore anenge mazana mashanu shure. Pano nokuzvidira vanoenda vashanyi vakawanda. Mumwe zvikonzero kukurumbira iyi nzira vafambi - napedyo kumaguta makuru akadai Moscow, Novgorod, St. Petersburg. Valdai Hills rinobatanidza zvikomo anoverengeka anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri, remasangano iyo - Valdai, Vyshevolotskaya, Ostashkovskaya. Pano anobva Rwizi Volga, Western Dvina, Dnieper, kune vazhinji chicherwa matsime, makiyi nezvitubu.

Location Map

Valdai Hills pamepu iri muna Novgorod, Smolensk uye Tver kumatunhu, pamwe muna muPskov uye Leningrad kuchamhembe-kumadokero Russian Federation. Kureba chikomo -? Km kukwira neeSultan 600 kubva 150 kusvika 250? Km. The yakakwirira - 346, 9 km.

The chivezwa of Valdai Hills

Nokuti nzvimbo iyi inozivikanwa nokuda alternation pamusoro anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri, zvanza uye dzegirini. Pane mumapani diki. Avhareji kureba zvikomo - 20-50 m, ukuru yakatenuka - 15-20 uye pamusoro. Bheseni pamwe dzegirini rakamiswa pakati pezvikomo, kazhinji yazara uye kuumba madhamu diki. Muna Valdai Hills rinobatanidza zvitatu siyana kuzorodzwa: outwash, Kamov uye inouraya moraine. The pakuonekwa Nzvimbo rakaumbwa kuburikidza glacial basa. Other ruyamuro inotungamirwa zvikonzero haakoshi.

ekunze Valdai

On mundima yenyu iri hunodzorwa zvakawandisa mwando. Short inotonhorera yechirimo uye refu inodziya kwematsutso - weather kwakadaro hwakasiyana Valdai Hills. Okunze unozvidzora Continental, chakafanana zvikuru kugungwa. Valdai nekaupenyu inodziya yechando uye chitubu - refu uye kuchitonhora. Okunze vari inoumbwa riparadzirwe mhepo zvavo. Terrain rinoungana arctic mhepo uye mhepo dzinodziya latitudes. Continental mhepo ine unozvidzora latitudes kunopa kupisa muzhizha uye kuchitonhora munguva yechando, uye anogadza gungwa muzhizha uye mamiriro okunze kuchinaya pamwe snowfalls nyungudika muchando mwaka. Kazhinji, kunze isina pana Valdai, anogona zvinoshamisa kuchinja.

Paavhareji, mhepo rematsutso kusvika 3.2 ⁰ C munguva yechando, tembiricha iri akatura 10 -9 ..- ⁰ C, zhizha avhareji tembiricha iri 16 ⁰ C. The richipararira mhepo - kumavirira, kumaodzanyemba uye kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero. Avhareji yegore negore kunayisa zvishoma kupfuura 800 mm mvura, chando udzamu rinosvika masendimita 50.

Hydrology

Pachikomo ndiye Watershed yeGungwa reBaltic, kuti Volga uye Dnieper. Heano kwakatangira nzizi akadai MSTA, Tvertsa, Mologa, Sjas, Paul, giya uye nevamwe. River Valdai Hills vari mukati nokukurumidza, Mangondo, mipata yakadzika. Nutrition yavanowana nokuda yakanyauka chando uye vasanaiwa nemvura uye pasi. River akafukidzwa chando kweinenge 4-5 kwemwedzi pagore. -oma-up kunoitika muna December, uye pakumedura of chando - muna April, pamwe mangwanani chitubu - muna March kana kunyange February.

The rwizi hunowanikwa vazhinji akasiyana mhando hove: knot, Pike, minnow, burbot, Pike, kujeka, bream, neKubhi, bream, Ide, roach uye nevamwe.

Lake zvakafanana zita - Valdai - akanaka, akachena. Zviya, "Valda" rinoreva "zvakachena", "chiedza". Rinoreva yepanyama sezvivako. The mudziva iri imwe nzvimbo dzinenge mbiri hectares, ayo avhareji udzamu - 15 metres, asi mune dzimwe nzvimbo 50 metres munhu zvitsuwa vashoma riri pamusoro pemvura pondi .. Birch uye Ash - rimwe remasangano, vachigoverana gungwa huviri Inosvika - Valdai uye Dolgoborodsky. Unowedzera runako kunzvimbo ino ari pamhenderekedzo Lake Iver Monastery uye bhero miziyamu. Mushure pakutanga dzakaumbwa Valdai mabhero kwave huru basa.

Lakeland hunzi Valdai Hills pamepu iri vanopfuura gumi nevaviri madhamu. Remasangano pavo - Seliger, Vella, Dinner, Borovno, Ilmen. On mudziva akavaka inoverengeka yakasiyana zvinotivaraidza nzvimbo, apo vafambi akapa yemanyorero Russian yezororo - washing in kugeza, grilli, hove.

national Parks

Valdai Hills - rinoyevedza kwazvo nzvimbo nzvimbo pano kuti mumapaka National. Valdai National Park akasikwa muna 1990 nechinangwa zvinotivaraidza uye ndichengetedze dzinongoitika ezvinhu yacho. Izvi dzinongoitika chikwata anopindura vanopfuura zviuru zana hectares. Mupaki mune masango, madziva, nzizi, yaigarwa nevamiririri siyana hwemhuka nyika. mhando dzakawanda zvinomera, akarongwa sezvo panjodzi vari pano. It polushnik dzinoparadza, mudzimai wacho patapata, Orchis militaris, paltsekornik reBaltic nevamwe vazhinji. Mutaviridziro ehurumende kunopfuura zana akasiyana mhando mosses.

Heunoi dendere anopfuura 150 eshiri. The zvisingawanzoitiki mhando vakanga makwapa: dema nezimudo, Rukodzi runonzi norukodzi, chinyamudzura uye negora. Uyewo vachena emumvura, Kingfisher, dema Woodpecker, woodpeckers, vamwe dzinoita, nemazizi. Fauna chinomiririrwa vakawanda mhando: tsindi, gava, mashava bheya, raccoon imbwa, mumwe yokuSpain, mumwe mbeva.

Valdai National Park akabata basa guru zvesayenzi, mumwe munzvimbo riri basa rokudzidzisa pakati pavana. The paka chikamu Federation of mumapaki nenyika Europe.

Beautiful kutandara nzvimbo ndiye Valdai Hills, apo pane nzvimbo dzakawanda yokufaranuka. On menzizi uye madziva kuvakwa mapoka, kutandara nzvimbo. Dzakasimukira musango, Kayaking, Skiing uye bhiza mabhiza.

In reservoirs Sebezh National Park musha pamusoro 20 mhando hove: tench, muramba, Ide, Pike, zvisingawanzoitiki - peled, Rainbow, sirivha kabhu. Mupaki pane munyanza zhinji uye enzizi interconnected mune rimwe mvura hurongwa. The madhamu pakukura pano - Sebezh uye Necheritsa.

reserves

Valdaiskaya chikomo anosanganisirawo munhu akadzivirirwa wenyika. It Polistovsky uye Rdeysky reserves. Pano, uyewo mumapaki yenyika, yaiitisa basa nesayenzi. Nokuda kuvapo reserves yakadaro Russia iri kuva nokutandara nharaunda sezvo eco ushanyi. It anoronga Tours uye rose rwendo pamwe husiku dzezvitsigiro mumatende, kubika pamusoro nuotio. Reserve tsvimbo nevana kuti uye dzishandise adzidze zviratidzo zvezvakatipoteredza.

uswa

Vakadhakwa okunze vane zvakawandisa mwando pamusoro munharaunda Valdai akaumba pevhu-podzolic nevhu. On chikonzero izvi kwezvinoshandiswa chikamu yakaderera manyowa hunowanzomera coniferous miti - nemipaini uye spruce. Kunewo mamwe marudzi kashoma kuti zvinhu zvipenyu nezvinhu predominance wokumusoro zvinomera, kureva kuchamhembe pamuouki nemadota, Hazel. Pane vakawanda wetlands.