Matamba eTectonic: mienzaniso, nyora. Makuru makuru eve glacial-tectonic

Gungwa iri chinhu che hydrosphere. Icho gungwa rakasikwa nemasikirwo kana chimiro. Iyo yakazadzwa mukati memubhedha wayo nemvura uye haina hukama hwakananga negungwa kana gungwa. Kune mamiriyoni mashanu emvura yakadai munyika.

General Characteristics

Mukutaura kwenyika yepasi, gungwa iripo mune imwe nguva uye nguva, chinhu chinozadzwa nezvinhu zvinenge zviri mumvura. Munharaunda yenharaunda iyo inomiririrwa sechisimbiso chakavharwa chepasi umo mvura inopinda uye umo mvura inowedzera. Iyo makemikari yemakungwa anoramba aripo kwenguva yakareba. Chimwe chinhu chinozadza icho chinovandudzwa, asi kakawanda kudarika pane murwizi. Muchiitiko ichi, mazai aripo mairi haaiti sechinhu chinonyanya kukonzera hurumende. Makungwa anopa mutemo wekuyerera kwehova. Mumvura inopinda maitiro emakemikari. Mukati yekubatana, zvimwe zvikamu zvinogara munzvimbo dzepasi, dzimwe dzinopinda mumvura. Mune mimwe mitumbi yemvura, iyo inowanzo isina mhepo, zvinyorwa zveyuti zvinowedzera nekuda kwekubuda. Somugumisiro weiyo nzira, pane kuchinja kukuru munyu uye mineral inogadzirwa mumakungwa. Pamusana pemvura yakawanda inertia, zvinhu zvikuru zvinoderedza mamiriro okunze emamiriro ekunze, kuderedza kushanduka kwemwaka uye gore negore kuchinja kwemeteorological.

Pasi pedo

Apo pavanounganidza, pane kuchinja kukuru mukununurwa, ukuru hwezvikepe zvegungwa. Apo matangi akawedzerwa, maitiro matsva anoumbwa-pachena uye convex. Makungwa anowanzoita zvipingamupinyi kumvura pasi. Izvi, zvakare, zvinokonzera kugadzirwa kwemasango epasi. Mumakungwa pane kuenderera mberi kwekugadziriswa kwemaminerari uye zvikamu zvehupenyu. Somugumisiro, zvinyorwa zvine simba zvezvinyorwa zvinoumbwa. Vanoshandura munguva yekufambira mberi kwekuvandudza kwemitumbi yemvura uye kushanduka kwavo kuva nyika kana maruva. Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, nzvimbo dzepasi dzinoshandurwa kuva makomo emakomo ezvisikwa.

Zvikamu zvedzidzo

Zvitubu zvinowanikwa kune zvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana. Vavaki vavo venyama mhepo, mvura, tectonic simba. Pasi penyika, mabhesheni anogona kushambidzwa nemvura. Nokuda kwechiito chemhepo, kuora mwoyo kunoumbwa. Girazi inokanda chivako, uye kugomo kwegomo kunowanikwa mumupata une rukova. Saka rinosvika mubhedha wegungwa remangwana. Mushure mokuzadzwa nemvura, gungwa rinooneka. Mune geography, miviri yemvura yakarongerwa maererano nenzira yekuumbwa, kuvapo kwehupenyu, huwandu hwemaswa. Munyika yemunyu chete mune zvisikwa zvipenyu. Zvizhinji zvemvura zvinoshandiswa nekuda kwekuparara kwenyika kana kuputika kwemakomo.

Kurongwa

Maererano nezvakabva, mvura miviri yakakamurwa kuva:

1. Matamba eTectonic. Iyo inoumbwa nekuda kwekuzadzwa kwezvimedu mumvura. Nokudaro, Gungwa reCaspian, iro guru guru reRussia uye nyika yose, rakagadzirwa nevakasimuka. Isati yasimudzirwa yeCaucasian Range, Gungwa reCaspian raisanganiswa neGungwa Dzvuku. Chimwe chiitiko chekukanganisa kukuru ndeyeEast African rift structure. Inowedzera kubva kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva kwechekondani kusvika kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba kumadokero kweAsia. Pano pane rhete rwemadzimai e tectonic. Inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndiyo dziva. Albert, Tanganyika, Edward, Nyasa (Malawi). Kumutowo iwoyo ndiro Gungwa Rakafa. Inofungidzirwa sechepakati pegungwa re tectonic munyika.
2. Mvura mvura yemvura.
3. Primorskie lakes (mashizha, marambi). Inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeyeVenetian lagoon. Iko kunzvimbo yekuchamhembe kweAriatic Sea.
4. Kukundikana kwegungwa. Seimwe yezvimwe zvezvivako izvi ndezvakaitika nguva nenguva uye kuparara. Ichi chinoshamisa chinoenderana nemamwe masimba emvura pasi. Muenzaniso wakafanana wegungwa re karst ndiLake. Ertsov, iri kuSouth. Ossetia.
5. Masango emvura eMakomo. Izvo zviri munzvimbo dzomumipata.
6. Glacial lakes. Iyo inoumbwa apo kuoma kwechando kunoshandurwa.
7. The pond lake. Matanda akadaro anoumbwa panguva yekuwa kwechikomo chegomo. Muenzaniso wegungwa rakadai iLake. Ritsa, iri muAbkhazia.

Mavhiri emvura anoputika

Madzi akadaro ari munzvimbo dzinopera uye zvinoputika tubes. Miti yakadaro yemvura inowanikwa muEurope. Semuenzaniso, mahombekombe egungwa anowanikwa munzvimbo yeEifel (muGermany). Pedyo navo, pane kuratidzwa kusina simba kwemabasa ekuputika kwemhepo mumhando yezvitubu zvinopisa. Sezvo rudzi rwakanyanya kunyanya rwemazi akadaro ndiro goroza rakazara nemvura. Oz. Kurwisana kwegomo iri Mazama muOregon rakagadzirwa zvinopfuura 6.5 zviuru zvemakore apfuura. Iyo yakareba mamita 10, uye yakadzika mamita 589. Dzimwe dziva dzinoumbwa panguva yekudzivirirwa nemvura inoputika yemipata yemakomo. Zvishoma nezvishoma, zvinounganidza mvura uye dzinoita dziva. Saka, somuenzaniso, pakanga pane gungwa. Kivu ndiko kuora mwoyo kweEast African rift structure, iri pamuganhu weRwanda neZaire. Kubva kamwe kubva pagungwa. Tanganyika r. Ruzizi yakayerera mumupata weKivu kuenda kuchamhembe, kuenda kuNairi. Asi kubva panguva iyo, mushure mokuputika kwegomo rinopoteredza, mutambo wakanga wakavharwa, wakazadza mukati.

Mamwe marudzi

Mahombekombe anogona kuumba mumakumbo emarara. Mvura inoparadza dombo iri, ichiita mapako makuru. Madzi akadaro anogona kuitika munzvimbo dzepasi pevhu munyu inoshandiswa. Mahombekombe anogona kuve maitiro. Izvo zvinotarisirwa, sekutonga, kuchengetedza mvura kune zvinangwa zvakasiyana. Kakawanda, kusikwa kwemazi ekugadzirira kunobatanidza nekuitwa kwepasi rakasiyana-siyana. Zvisinei, pane dzimwe nguva, maitiro avo ndezvimwe zvinoguma zvavari. Saka, semuenzaniso, zvigadziri zvekuvaka zvinoumbwa mumakamuri akachengetwa. Pakati pemakungwa makuru ekukosha ekucherechedza dziva. Nasser, iri pamuganhu weSudan neEgypt. Yakaumbwa nekutadza mumupata weRwizi. Neal. Chimwe chiitiko chegungwa guru rekuvaka ndiyo dziva. Mead. Izvo zvakaonekwa mushure mekuiswa kwedha iri murwizi. Colorado. Sezvo mutemo, dziva dzakadaro dzinoshumira maPPP emunharaunda, kupa zvivako zvakapoteredza uye nzvimbo dzemabhizimusi nemvura.

Makuru makuru eve glacial-tectonic

Kufambisa kwepanyika pasi ndeimwe yezvikonzero zvikuru zvekuumbwa kwemvura. Pamusana pekushandura uku mune dzimwe nhamba, mavhiriji ari kupera. Zvitubu zvakanyanya kwazvo mumapani uye mumakomo. Zvinogona kuwanikwa zviri zviviri mumabheseni uye pakati pezvikomo mumatongo. Glacial-tectonic lakes (mienzaniso: Ladoga, Onega) yakakurumbira muNorthern Hemisphere. Vashanduki vakasiya zvakadzika zvakakwana zvakaderera ivo pachavo. Vakaunganidza kunyungudutsa mvura. Dutu (moraine) rakakuvadza zvinyorwa. Saka mitumbi yemvura yakaumbwa muLake District. Pasi petaundi reBolshoy Arber pane gungwa. Arbersee. Iyi gungwa yakasara mushure menguva yechando.

Matamba eTectonic: mienzaniso, maitiro

Mabheji akadaro anoumbwa munzvimbo dzomucheka uye kuputsika kwekorix. Kazhinji, dzimba dze tectonic dzenyika dzakadzika uye dzakaonda. Izvo zvakasiyana mumhenderekedzo yakarurama-mitsara. Idzi madziva aya anonyanya kupfuura nemumvura yakadzika. Madzi eTectonic eRussia (mienzaniso: Kuril naDalnee muKamchatka) inoratidzwa nechepasi-pasi pasi (pasi peoceanic level). Saka, dziva. Kurilskoye iri kumaodzanyemba kweKamchatka, mune imwe nzvimbo yakadzika yakadzika. Nzvimbo yacho yakakomberedzwa nemakomo. Iyo yakadzika yakadzika yegungwa iri mamiriyoni 360. Iine mabheji makuru, kubva ipapo makungwa mazhinji emakomo anoyerera. Kubva muhova inoyerera p. Ichi chiwi. Zvitubu zvinopisa zvinouya kumusoro pamusoro pemhenderekedzo. Pakati pegungwa pane kukwirira kwechidiki - chirwere. Anonzi "mwoyo-ibwe." Hasi kure negungwa kune zvipo zvakasiyana zvepumice. Vanonzi Kutkhin bata. Nhasi Ichi. Kurilskoye is ansznik uye akazivisa yezvinyorwa zvezvisikwa zvechilengedwe.

Pasi pfupi

Makungwa e-glacial-tectonic epasi ane ruzivo rwakajeka. Iyo inomiririrwa nenzira yevheji yakaputsika. Kuwanda kwemajeri uye maitiro ekugadzirisa muzvikwata hazvigoni kuva nemigumisiro yakajeka pakutsanangurwa kwemiganhu yakadzika. Zvisinei, pane dzimwe nguva, mhedzisiro inogona kunyatsooneka. Glacier-tectonic dzimba inogona kuva nechepasi yakavharwa ne "zvinotyisa", "pfupa remakondohwe". Vanonyatsooneka pazvitsuwa uye pamahombekombe egungwa. Izvozvo zvinosanganisira kunyanya dombo rakaoma dombo. Izvo zvishoma nezvishoma zvinokonzerwa nekudengenyeka, izvo zvinozoita kuti zviduku zvishoma zvekuwedzerwa kwemvura. Makungwa akadaro echiRussia anotsanangurwa se = 2-4 uye a = 4-10. Iyo yakadzika-gungwa nzvimbo (inopfuura mamiriyoni 10) yehuwandu yehuwandu i60-70%, isina kudzika (kusvika kune 5 m) - 15-20%. Makungwa e tectonic anosiyaniswa nehutano hwemvura maererano nemafuta emhepo. Munguva yekupisa kunopisa kwepasi, kutsika kwakadzika kwemvura yakadzika kunogadziriswa. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuchengetedzwa kwemhepo yakasimba. Miti inowanika. Inogona kuwanika pamahombekombe muvheji yakavharwa.

Kuparadzirwa

Ndekupi, kunze kweKamchatka, pane mawani e tectonic? Rwendo rwezvinyorwa zvakakurumbira zvenyika zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvakadai se:

1. Sandalwood.
2. Sundozero.
3. Pakati.
4. Randozero.
5. Salvilambi.

Idzi idzi dzinzvimbo dziri muchitsime cheRwizi rwaSuna. Munzvimbo yemasango-mazamu Zauralye zvakare kune mazamu e-tectonic. Mienzaniso yemitumbi yemvura:

1. Welgi.
2. Argayash.
3. Shablish.
4. Tishki.
5. Sugoyak.
6. Calda.
7. B. Kuyash nevamwe.

Kubwinya kwemitumbi yemvura mutende reTrans-Ural haipfuuri mamiriyoni 8 kusvika ku10. Izvo zvine chokuita nekunaya-tectonic dzimba kubva. Matanda avo akashandurwa, zvichienderana, pasi pesimba rekukura kwehutano. Nzvimbo dzakawanda dziri muTrans-Urals dziri pedyo nemipata yekare yemipata. Izvi, kunyanya, dzimba dzakadai seKatishnoe, Alakul, Peschanoe, Etkul nevamwe.

Dziva rakasiyana

Muchikamu chekumaodzanyemba kweEngland Siberia kune Lake. Baikal is tectonic lake. Kureba kwayo kunopfuura 630 km., Uye urefu hwegungwa ndeye 2100 km. Iwawo huwandu hwegungwa hunosiyana kubva pa25 kusvika 79 km. Nzvimbo yose yegungwa iri 31.5 makhilomitha mana. Km. Iyi dziva inonzi yakadzika pasi rose. Inenge yakawanda yemvura zhinji yakachena paNyika (23 mami m ³ ). Iyi i000 yenyika yose. Zvose kugadziriswa kwemvura mujeri kunoitika makore anopfuura 332. Zera rayo rinenge mamiriyoni 15-20 emamiriyoni. Baikal inoonekwa seimwe yemakungwa akare.

Terrain

Baikal iri mune zvakadzama kuora mwoyo. Yakapoteredzwa nemakomo akakomberedza taiga. Nzvimbo iri pedo negungwa inoratidzirwa nedambudziko rakaoma, rakaparadzaniswa zvakanyanya. Hausi kure negungwa kune kuwedzera kunooneka kwechidimbu chegomo. Mipata yacho inofanana kune imwe neimwe kurutivi rwunobva kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kusvika kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva. Vanoparadzaniswa nehombwe-kufema. Mipata yeRwizi pamwe chete nechepasi, mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzimba duku dze tectonic dzinoumbwa. Kuputika kwenyika kunowanikwa munzvimbo ino nhasi. Izvi zvinoratidzwa nekudengenyeka kwenyika kunowanzoitika pedyo nebhaini, kunopinda kumusoro kwezvitubu zvinopisa, pamwe nekuderedza nzvimbo huru dzegungwa. Mvura iri mugungwa iri bhuruu-ruvara. Inoratidzwa nehuwandu hwahwo husina kujeka uye kuchena. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, zvinokwanisika kuona zvakajeka mabwe ari pane zvakadzika 10-15 m, masango e algae. Mucheka disk, wakadzikira mumvura, unoonekwa kunyange pakadzika 40 m.

Zvinhu zvakasiyana

Chimiro chegungwa chibereko chakaberekwa. Iyo gungwa yakatambanudza pakati pe55 ° 47 'uye 51 ° 28' kudyara. Latitude uye 103 ° 43 'uye 109 ° 58' kumabvazuva. Longitude. Iyo yakareba upamhi pakati nepakati makiromita 81, iyo inoshandiswa (inopesana ne delta yeRwizi rwa Selenga) iri 27 km. Dziva iri riri pamusoro pegungwa rekumvura kusvika pakakwirira ye 455 m 336 nzizi uye nzizi dzinoyerera dzichienda mugungwa. Halfu yemvura inopinda nayo kubva kurwizi. The Selenga. Anosiya kubva pagungwa rimwe rwizi - Angara. Zvinofanira kuonekwa, zvisinei, kuti munharaunda yezvesayenzi pane zvichange zvichitaurirana pamusoro penhamba chaiyo yekuyerera kunopinda mumuviri wemvura. Vazhinji masayendisiti anobvumirana kuti kune vashoma kupfuura 336.

Mvura

Izvo zvinhu zvinoshandiswa mumvura zvinokonzera gungwa zvinoonekwa sezvisikwa zvakasikwa. Sezvakataurwa pamusoro apa, mvura inoshamisika yakajeka uye yakachena, inowedzera mumhepo yakakisi. Mukati yapfuura yapfuura, zvaive zvichionekwa sekurapa. Mvura yaBaikal yakarapwa nokuda kwezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Mumwaka wegore, kusviba kwayo kwakakwirira. Maererano nezvikwangwani, iri kusvika pedo- yeGungwa reSargasso. Mairi, kuve pachena kwemvura kunofungidzirwa pa 65 m. Munguva yehukuru hwemhepo inotenderera, rondedzero yegungwa inoderera. Kunyange zvakadaro, kunyange panguva ino mukudzikama kubva muchikepe unogona kuona pasi pakadzika zvakakwana. Kujeka pachena kunokonzerwa nebasa rezvisikwa zvipenyu. Vongai kwavari, gungwa racho rinoshandiswa zvishoma. Mvura inofungidzirwa pakugadzira mvura yakasvibiswa. Kukosha kwegungwa. Baikal haigoni kuve yakarongedzwa. Munyaya iyi, hurumende inopa kuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedzwa kwenharaunda munzvimbo ino.