Mienzaniso bylinas. Magamba epics Russian

Epics - rudzi ngano murwiyo uye paakaita netsika. nyaya yavo dzaiwanzovakwa pamusoro kutsanagura chero zvinoshamisa zviitiko zvekare kana chinokosha munhoroondo Zvikamu. Magamba ose epos vari siyana zvakasikwa, asi simba ravo tagara kurwa zvakaipa. Enemies magamba akatsanangura hapana zvishoma mavara, ose hunhu - chaiwo akaipa. Mienzaniso izhinji ngano, asi vamwe vanoda kuziva chaizvoizvo kuti ichakurukurwa munyaya ino.

kuti mabhuku izwi akaita sei "paakaita"

The zita kuitika akanga aronga muna 1839 ne philologist Ivanom Saharovym, uyo akabudisa rondedzero yake Bhuku "Nziyo vanhu Russian." Masayendisiti akashandisa mashoko okuti "nokuda paakaita", iro rinoreva kuti "maererano nechokwadi." "Story Wechokwadi", "zvekare", "paakaita" - a mitauro sarudzo akabudirira.

Pachivanhu Epic rakakamurwa zvinogara maviri guru: Kiev uye Novgorod. With wokutanga guru mari aishamwaridzana vatambi, sezvazvakanyorwa hunodzorwa zvidzidzo, umo nhamba muguta guru uye nechivanze Kiev Prince Vladimir Sviatoslavovych uye gare gare Vladimir Monomove.

Epic magamba-magamba ndiwo: Ilya Muromets, Alyosha Popovich, Dobrynya Nikitich, Stavr Godinovich, Churilo Plenkovich, Michael Potyk. Novgorod paakaita magamba - nayo guslar achitengesa Sadko uye Vasily Buslaev gamba. "Senior" Kiev magamba - Mikula Selyaninovich, Svyatogor uye Volga.

masayendisiti tsvakurudzo

Mienzaniso epics vanoonekwa ne chokwadi kuti kukwira kusvikira muzana remakore rechi18, vakanga vasina kunyorwa. The muunganidzwa vanonzi Kirsa Danilova yokutanga yakavambwa muMoscow chete muna 1804. Uye chete pashure akatevera kuzadzikiswa reissue. Musi sefungu kufarira epos mumakore 1830-1850 Slavophil Kireevskiy Petr Vasilevich akaronga kwakapararira wemabhuku ngano. Munguva pfupi iye vabatsiri akanyorwa mazana yakakura ngano iri Volga nharaunda uye kuchamhembe enyika, ipapo kuSiberia uye Urals. Zvaizobuda kutsvakurudza chikwata akatanga nyaya 80.

Kazhinji, mienzaniso epos yakanga systematized zvachose munguva pfupi nguva, uye philologists, masayendisiti vakakwanisa kushanda riine paakaita zvinhu. Izvi zvakaguma kushandisa ngano iri dissertations uye zvedzidzo nemabasa. Mienzaniso chinokosha huru okugadzira zvinhu kwevanhu Russian kuti kwakaratidzwa pagungano renyika dzakawanda.

Most paakaita dzechembere vakanga rengano hwaro achirondedzera dzinongoitika dzoga uye hwakanyanya hunhu wemagamba achikurira migumisiro yazvo. Uye anozviita nguva dzose zvinobudirira. Kwemazana emakore anoverengeka, Epic munzira dzose kuchinja, reshape uye shure. Pane imwe nguva, ngano hwakakanyiwa nomumukanwa ngano of West, asi ndokuguma ari anonyadzisira, uye kuedza kwakadaro rambai woutsinye. Pakupedzisira epos sequenced.

mamirire zviratidzo

Zvishoma nezvishoma paakaita akatora yakadzikama ngano uye mabhuku chimiro, uye nokudaro kwaiva chaicho chaizvo manyorerwe nhetembo zvinosanganisira mubatanidzwa mumwe dactyl chete kwaya, uye gare gare vachibva anapests. Rhymes haana akanga kushanda papfungwa euphony nendima yake musicality. Verse epics vakasiyana "pobyvalschin" chinyakare yakatarwa ari prose, iyo, sezvo iwe haisi vabvuma voruzhinji. Mabhii yakakura zvechokwadi ndiyo nguva dzose akapfuma pamwe wokufananidzira majana, uzere epithets, mumadimikira uye kuenzanisa. Saka ndima dziri pachena uye musoro mune ruzha kwayo.

Kazhinji ndima yakakura muzvikamu zviviri. The narrator maererano rokutanga vaifanira tsvagiridza, kupa magwaro sezvo nezvake, uye chechipiri anoita kuti kutevera yakananga muenzaniso, kuti yemanyorero zvinoparadzira kugutsikana mune chaiwo mharidzo, pasina kuchinja shoko chete. Saka zvakanzi ndawana nomuromo waMosesi, iyo nguva kutarisa chaivo. Zvakawanda zvaitsamira tarenda iri narrator.

Ilya Muromets, gamba iri yakakura

"... Akararama pedyo netaundi Moore, mumusha Karacharovo murimi mudiki kukura umhare, asi kugona kufamba, zvose pachitofu avete. Chokwadi kuti makumbo havaendi, kusuruvara Ilya. Akanzwa makororo mumigwagwa vanhu angabira Dragon muRussia unhu, saka zvose vasikana zvaparadzwa zvachose. sei kubatsira yechizvarigo Ilya zvose vakachema.

Zvakabatsira vafambi yakaenda kunwa mvura. Pokoldovali ehe vakagadzira makumbo Ile Muromtsu, akasimuka, silushku akawana kusingaenzaniswi. Ini ndikazvitengera bhiza rakanaka, emasculate, soka ari mangwanani dova racho, uye akava knight Ilya akaenzana simba nokukurumidza.

Ilya wakakoka chigaro Burushku, asi akatasva uchitanga Russia kutungamirira, asi izvozvo muone. "

Sadko

Russian ngano iri siyana misoro uye decoration. Heroes kuwira pachitsuwa, apo Wild Zvinhu Vari, makadzika penyanza, apo vakanga vakamirira mambo gungwa pamwe mermaids.

Epic "Sadko" - mumwe yakanakisisa yakakura mabasa. In wake tsananguro akasika Rimsky-Korsakov pamwe chete zita. Mukuwedzera, Epic "Sadko" akashanda se rangano kuti firimu Director Alexander Ptushko pamwe Sergei Stolyarov uye chiwanikwa Larionovoy Starring.

"... In anokudzwa Novograd vose vakararama mushambadzi Sadko, mupfumi, akanaka. Akashandisa kuva chete mbira yake yarovchaty nevamwe vakokwa kutamba, saka iye akararama. Hongu, asi uyo asina kunzi naye kupfuura kamwe, kwete kaviri, kwete vatatu, vakafunga Sadko akaenda Ilmen nyanza, akagara padombo chena-zvinobata moto, akabata parukungiso.

Vzneslas mvura mafungu akarova mambo gungwa. "Nice kutamba, Sadko sei kuti kukutendai Al papfuma goridhe Enda-Ka kuti Novograd uye akarova hombe chikwereti kuisa golovushku chisimba pamusoro rakavapo dzvuku zvomutengesi, mugove yakakurisa Hongu vanoti!? .. Ko, muna Ilmen Lake goridhe hove akafanana. chikwereti ichivhuvhuta, uyai pamahombekombe pamwe seine nesirika. I achakupai minhenga matatu nehove-goridhe. "

Novohradské vatengesi vakarasikirwa zvose zvinhu zvavo tsvuku Guslar Sadko, akava potorgovyvat kuwana purofiti zvikuru. Rich vatengesi, asi vakadzoka zvinhu zvavo tsvuku. Uye akatanga kurarama itsva upfumi hwavo. Uye sei Sadko akananga mhiri kwegungwa asi akauya wake - nderimwe nyaya ... "

Knights Volga uye Mikula Selyaninovich

Pakati Russian paakaita mifananidzo yakawanikwa magamba avo rangana nyaya nevidanoy simba, uye panguva imwecheteyo vari kurarama paine zvaitika, kuenderana simba ravo nakisisa.

Epic "Volga uye Mikula" - yakaisvonaka muenzaniso chevarwere mabasa, izvo zvinoratidza kuti Russian paakaita magamba vanobatana kundorwa outrages kuRussia. Panguva matambudziko muboka revatungamiriri muRussia unbelted, zvose nyaya vakanga vakatsunga chete mukutsinhana chiokomuhomwe. Kubva ipa zviito "basa nehurumende" nedambudziko nyore Murimi Mikula Selyaninovich pamusoro ichi uye anoudza paakaita "Volga uye Mikula".

"... Mudzimai vakazunza nyeredzi usiku mudenga, uye mangwanani akazvarwa Russia, amai wechidiki gamba Volga Vseslav'evich. Baby akavata awa rimwe rwakatambanudzwa uye hombodo ose manapukeni, ndarama nebhandi. Naizvozvo vakati Volga mai: "madam, mai vangu, kwete ini swaddle, kuiswa simbi dzokurwa, Ngowani muruoko saka kupa tsvimbo stopudovo". Amai kutya, uye Volga ari ichiwedzera kusvetuka uye maminitsi, ichiwedzera kuverenga uye kudzidza. Makore matanhatu vakatendeuka, akaenda famba, nyika yakadedera. Mhuka vakanga akavanda, shiri akabhururuka kure, Volga uye regai zvose zvemarudzi mafaro kugadzira: norukodzi kuchabhururuka mudenga, nondo achaita vashambire, uye ipapo bere pfumbu. Chii mutambi akaita agogodza makore 15 okuberekwa ipapo, uye akaita mabasa akanaka. Uye kwete - nayo nyaya yakasiyana ... "

Mikula Selyaninovich

"... Early muzuva aienda Volga pamwe navaranda vake mitero guta aunganidzwa, akapfuura, zvichida maira kure, vanonzwa - anorima munhu pedyo, gejo pamatombo kurova nehasha. Ngatiendei kune Murimi, uye haagoni asvika, manheru haana asvika, fume tikasvika, akanzwa chete sechinhu ploughshare gejo wavanozvisunga zvikuru ehe Murimi miridzo. Vakasvika nezuva retatu, pakunovira. Akaburuka Volga, Murimi akakotamira nechemuchiuno: "Hello, wangu murume akanaka, ari rabotnichek!" "Iva akachenjera, Volga Vseslavovich! Kupi nzira yake?"

Long kana, akataura zvishoma pamusoro kuti, pamusoro peizvi, asi ndokuenda huru makororo kutyisidzira. Zana Towns hungu nemisha chiuru vakasunungurwa, uye aiva Murimi - Mikula Selyaninovich, Russian gamba. Ivai shamwari ivo Volga, uye zvakadaro nenzira yakakodzera waiva zuva nemweya yakaipa, vakauya yakacheneswa. Uye mutambo waiva navo pamatafura pomuoki musango hongu - izvi mumwe yakakura kuudza ... "

Ilya Muromets uye Nightingale ari gororo

Vazhinji mabasa Russian yakakura bhuku, apo kumusoro pavo hapana simba, uye mukurumbira wavo riri kukura gore negore. Ounyanzvi zvinosanganisira kuchikoro curricula, tsvakurudzo rinoitwa pamusoro pavo. Bylina "Nightingale ari tsotsi uye Ilya Muromets" rinongova rimwe chigadzirwa yakadaro.

"... Nightingale anogara pachigaro nyorova pomuouki gororo Odihmantev mwanakomana. Kuti shinyira ndiyo neGwenhure uye kuchema mhuka. Hungava muridzo, kana nokuvovora kubva uswa masvosve vakaurayiwa, maruva azure chiwondomoke, nerima huni pasi, kana kurerekera, uye ndiani kubva vanhu - vakafa zvose nhema. Pryamoezzhey mugwagwa makiromita mazana mashanu zvose vakaurayiwa, uye yokupoterera ezdom - paavhareji zviuru.

Pfuurai pano Cossack Ilya Muromets, anotora uta Taut, tetivochku Shelkov vakatama, museve-inopisa akakandwa. Vakapfura chimwe chinhu ari mbishi pomuouki Nightingale ari gororo. Hongu ziso uye vakagogodza panze, ndokudhonza pasi, akasungirirwa stapes asi akatora kusango apfuura dendere saka neGwenhure ... "