Constellation Andromeda: nhoroondo, nzvimbo, zvinonakidza zvinhu

Maererano nenhema dzekare, dzakawanda dzemakwikwi anozivikanwa dzinomirira zviitiko zvisingafi zvekare zvakapfuura. Vanamwari vane simba vanoisa magamba uye zvisikwa zvakasiyana-siyana mudenga mukuyeuka zvavakaita, uye dzimwe nguva mukurangwa kwezvakaipa. Kazhinji nenzira iyi, hupenyu husingaperi hwakapiwa. Mutsara weAndromeda unowanikwa munhamba yemifananidzo yakafanana yekudenga. Iyo yakakurumbira, zvisinei, kwete chete yenyaya yake: munharaunda yayo ndiyo muvakidzani anozivikanwa weMilky Way uye nezvimwe zvakawanda zvinonakidza nzvimbo zvinhu.

Mythological plot

Andromeda muzvinyorwa zvekare zvechiGiriki aiva mwanasikana wamambo weEtiopia Kefei (Cepheus) nemudzimai wake Cassiopeia. Kune mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzenheyo dzinobatanidza nemakwikwi. Maererano nemumwe wavo, maAndromeda akanaka akanga akanaka kwazvo zvokuti vasikana veNereid vakamutsamwira. Vakatambura uye vakaoma pamberi peziso ravo. Poseidon akasarudza kugadzirisa mamiriro acho ezvinhu nokutumira chikara chinotyisa kuEtiopiya. Iro zuva rega rega rakapinda kumahombekombe uye rakaparadza misha, richiuraya vagari. Cafey akatendeukira kune Oracle kuti awane mazano uye akadzidza kuti kuvhara njodzi, iwe unofanirwa kupa chikara cheAndromeda. Vabereki vakasuruvara vakaramba vakasungira mwanasikana wavo padombo ndokubva vasara kusvikira iyo nyanga ichisvika. Zvisinei, njodzi yacho haina kuitika: Perseus akauya kuzobetsera kunaka, akafamba akapfuura ndokudanana naAndromeda pakutanga kuona. Akakunda chikara nemubatsiro wemusoro weMedusa Gorgon uye akaroorwa nemhandara yakanaka. Kubvira panguva iyo pane iyi nyenyedzi. Perseus uye Andromeda zvino vava kupenya kudenga. Vamwari vakafa mushure mekunge zvisingaverengeki zvezvisikwa zvakare Cassiopeia, Cefei uye kunyange gungwa guru.

Nzvimbo

Mutsara weAndromeda une chimiro chakanaka chinoonekwa: zvitatu zvemaketani zvinotsvaira kubva pane imwe pfungwa. Ichi chimiro chekudenga chinotora nzvimbo huru uye chimwe chezvikuru pane zvose zviri zviviri. Nyeredzi yakajeka mumakwikwi eAndromeda, iyo iyo maketani anotanga, ari pamuganhu nemufananidzo wePegasus. Kusvikira muzana remakore rechi17, nyeredzi iyi yaifungidzirwa kuti ndeyemifananidzo miviri yekudenga. Iyi nyeredzi ndiyo kona yekumusoro kwePegasus Big Square.

Uyeromeda inogona kunakidzwa munzvimbo yose yakawanda yeRussia. Muzhizha uye munaSeptember inowanikwa kumabvazuva kumatenga, uye pakupera kwekuvhurwa uye kutanga kwechando-kumucheto wezasi.

Alpha

Pfungwa yakajeka yeyiyo yekudenga inonzi Alferac (alpha Andromeda). Pakupedzisira, yakagadzirirwa mumakwikwi akataurwa muna 1928. MuPtolemy, Alferac yaive yePegasus. Zita iro pacharo rinopupurira kunhoroondo yevhenekeri: zvinoreva kushandura kubva kuArabic "navel horse".

IAlferac ichena uye yebhuruu sub-gigant, inokonzera 200 dzimwe chiedza kupfuura chiedza chezuva. Mukuwedzera, iyo ndiyo chikamu chikuru chebhanary system. Shamwari yake inopenya katatu zvishoma.

Alfarats A ndomumwe wevanyori vanopenya zvikuru yeboka risina kujairika re mercury-manganese nyeredzi. Iyo yakanyanyisa mumhepo inenge yakasvibiswa muzita remhando iyo inotsanangurwa nemusiyano mumigumisiro yehukuru hwechiedza uye mukati maro kumanikidzwa pamakemikari akasiyana-siyana.

Alferac inorevawo kuti nyeredzi dzinosiyana. Nhamba ye gloss yakabva kune +2,02 m kusvika +2,06 m. Kuchinja kunowanika nenguva ye 23.19 maawa.

The Nebula

Mutsara weAndromeda unozivikanwa kune vazhinji kwete nekuda kwehukuru hunoshamisa kana kunaka kwezviedza, asi nekuda kweM31 galaxy iri munharaunda yaro. Muvakidzani akakurumbira weMilky Way - chimwe chezvinhu zvishomanana zvakadai zvinogona kuonekwa neziso risina meso. The Andromeda nebula inenge yakakwirira kupfuura Mirah (Beta Andromeda) nyeredzi. Kuti tifunge nezvekugadzirwa kwechigamba, zvishoma zvingaitwa.

I Andromeda nebula inopfuura kaviri nekukura kweMilky Way uye inenge inenge 1 trillion nyeredzi. Kurutivi rwacho kunewo ma satellite maviri: magalaxies M32 uye NGC 205. Kureba kubva kune Zuva kusvika kune zvinhu zvitatu zvinopfuura makore maviri emakore ekuyera.

Supernova

Mutsamwende Andromeda yakava chinhu chekucherechedza vazhinji venyeredzi muna 1885. Zvadaro zvinopenya ne- supernova flash . Yaiva yekutanga chinhu chakadaro chakawanikwa kunze kweMilky Way. Supernova S Andromeda inowanikwa mumagalaxy eponymous uye ichiri chega bedzi muviri wenyama mukati mayo. Chiedza chikuru chakapenya chakazosvika 21-22 August 1885 (chaive ma 5.85 m). Pashure pemwedzi mitanhatu, yakaderera kusvika 14 m.

Nhasi, the Andromeda inorondedzerwa sechirongwa Ia supernova, kunyange zvazvo ruvara rwemaruva uye ruvara rwemwenje haruenderane netsanangudzo inogamuchirwa yezvinhu zvakadaro.

Mutsara weAndromeda, mifananidzo yezvinhu, zvikamu zvayo, mufananidzo weboka rekudenga rinowirirana kakawanda rinowedzera mumashoko. Uye hazvishamisi: nzvimbo yakawanda inobatwa nemufananidzo wekudenga inogona kutaura zvakawanda pamusoro pemitemo yezvisikwa uye kuwirirana kwezvikamu zvaro zvakasiyana. Zvinyorwa zvakawanda zvinotarisirwa pano mune tariro yekuwana ruzivo rutsva pamusoro pezvinhu zvakasara.