Ndezvipi zvinhu mugovanisi kwemaindasitiri muSoviet Union

Mubvunzo ndewokuti, Chii zvinhu mugovanisi kwemaindasitiri muSoviet Union, zvichida mumwe kupfuura anokakavara uye nharo munyika munhau remakore rechi20. The dambudziko mitengo kubudirira vachiri hanya vatsvakurudzi, uye kudzidza sei migumisiro vachiwirirana urongwa wehurumende, uye munguva yedu inoramba akakodzera.

Zvinoitwa vezera

The Kuongororwa izvo vari zvinhu mugovanisi maindasitiri munyika yedu yakabatana zvakananga pakunzwisisa socio-enyika, zveupfumi uye zvetsika mamiriro ezvinhu panguva akakodzera nguva. Munguva 1920s, akatanga ari NEP, unosanganisira kutanga kumusika upfumi, vakasununguka zvokutengeserana, private chirongwa uye Entrepreneurship. Waiva hurumende chiyero kubvisa migumisiro hondo uye nguva War chiKomonizimu.

prerequisites

Zvisinei, kana tichifunga mubvunzo chii vaiva hunhu mugovanisi kwemaindasitiri, zvinofanira kunzwisiswa kuti Bolsheviks vakanga pakutanga vaitirei kosi idzva sezvo kwenguva pfupi kwazvo. Ko chokwadi kuti kare muna 1925, riri pakati dzisangopfuma iri musika hwaro, chisarudzo rakatorwa pana bato guruundano kumisa nyika simba maindasitiri chawo. The Hurumende akaitirwa kurambidza backlog wehurumende kubva dzakabudirira Western capitalist European uye United States.

zvirongwa

Panguva zvinhu nguva paiva nhaurirano basa pamusoro kumhanya uye zviito kugadzira rinorema indasitiri. zvirongwa zviviri kunge kuisa mberi, chimwe nechimwe kunotipa kunzwisisa chii vaiva hunhu mugovanisi kwemaindasitiri iri gumi anotevera. Vanotsigira wokutanga kusvika kunobva pfungwa kuti kuchinja vanofanira kutora nzvimbo zvishoma nezvishoma, pahwaro magetsi ezvinhu upfumi nemauto, kufungisisa tsika uye kongiri ruzivo (Bukharin, Kondratiev).

Zvisinei, vamwe, vakati kuti zvakanga zvakakodzera kutanga maonero avo, kufungisisa kwete chaiwo ezvinhu uye zvichiita STRUCTURAL kuchinja remangwana upfumi (Strumilin Trotsky). Zvapedzisira nzira iri dzakwidzwa rikaratidzwa kuti zvinobetsera, waiva kunonyanya kukonzerwa yomukati-party kwokuzvikudza, apo vatsigiri yokutanga chirongwa kwakakundikana. Ndezvipi zvinhu mugovanisi kwemaindasitiri, muchidimbu inokurukurwa pazasi. Maindasitiri inogona inozivikanwa se mutemo kumanikidzwa mazuvaano, iyo hwakada kufanana kwete chete kune ezvoupfumi mamiriro ezvinhu, sezvinoitwa enyika.

Five-Year Plan

Muna 1929 iye rakazoshandiswa uye anotenderwa nechemberi zvoupfumi. Kuratidza kuti akanga aitarisira maindasitiri kuvaka haina nokukurumidza uye mwero kuitira kuvhiringidza isingachinji hurongwa. Zvisinei, muna tsika, chirongwa ichi akava zvikuru kwazvo uye kwazvo kuti akabvumira hurumende kushandisa dzakawanda zvashata matanho. Nechekare pahwaro iri rokutanga yemakore mashanu anogona kuonekwa kuti Ndezvipi zvaiva mugovanisi kwemaindasitiri USSR: yacho wakakurumidza amunofanira kumanikidzwa kuvandudzika deadlines, kutapurirana mari kubva kunyika uye vanhu vari rinorema indasitiri. Mukuwedzera, bato akareva chiyero yakadai, sezvakanga kumanikidzwa zvikwereti vokuparidzira, kureva kamwe kana kaviri pagore munhu anofanira kupa hurumende pamwedzi muhoro wavo. Mukuwedzera, mamiriro wakamutsa mutengo kugadzirwa zvinhu uye zvirimwa kutura.

mamiriro ezvinhu vokuparidzira

The mubvunzo iri, Ndezvipi zvinhu mugovanisi kwemaindasitiri, mhinduro izvo zvinofanira kutsvaka mu chawakaronga mitemo yacho Party hwenyika, kunokosha zvikuru kuti kunzwisisa mamiriro ezvinhu munyika yedu pamusoro avaida yatanga hondo Germany. Mararamiro akanga asina kudaro yakakwirira, asi nyika vabatwa ne nyika nechido uye nechido, iro rakabatsira basa guru rokuvaka. chikero Large akagamuchira "Stakhanov kufamba". Vashandi vakawanda mberi purogiramu, uye hurumende aishingaira kunotsigirwa vanhu chido nokukurumidza mazuvaano.

budiriro kukoshesa

The dambudziko chii vari zvinhu mugovanisi kwemaindasitiri (tafura munyaya, inoratidza nevamwe zvinhu), nokuti kuti hurumende akatara panzvimbo yakaoma basa chete gumi kubata unyanzvi yepamusoro munyika. Kuti izvi zvidaro, kusimbisa yakaiswa pamusoro pokumuka maindasitiri akadai muchina building, simbi, kuvakwa. Paivawo bheji pamusoro kusikwa ehurumende uye seboka purazi pfuma, iyo pakupedzisira kubviswa pakati private nemauto ari National upfumi. Zvisinei, chikuru chinangwa kwemaindasitiri akanga kubudirira: mune pfupi nguva, Soviet Union akasvika panzvimbo yechipiri pamusoro maindasitiri kugadzirwa uye kuzvimirira mune zvemari.