Inotungamirwa, Nyaya
Ndezvipi chikuru zviitiko NEP? Zvakakurukurwa idzva zvoupfumi mutemo of Soviet Union (ona tafura)
Pashure October Revolution kubva 1917, vanhu vokuSoviet nyika angova matongo. Kwese akatonga nzara uye urombo. Izvi ndozvakaita kuti pave evanhu kusawirirana. Zvinonzwika manzwi disaffected vanhu kwose kwose vakatanga yokumukira.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, zvakanga zvakakodzera kutanga ndiponesezve upfumi munyika, izvo Bolsheviks kunge akatanga mutsva negwaro zvoupfumi. Nyaya yacho yakati, chii vaiva huru mabasa NEP. Uyewo akapa pfupi gakava uye migumisiro New Kubata ari upfumi.
Prerequisites nokuti yezwi NEP
Usati wapindura mubvunzo chii vaiva mabasa chikuru NEP, zvakakodzera zvishoma kuziva kukonzera upfumi Kushandurwa Bolsheviks:
- hombe nezvinhu sezvo pamusana Civil War vaiva hapana rubles asingasviki mabhiriyoni 50 nendarama;
- pokuwa rinorema maindasitiri, randakapiwa chigadzirwa ka7 asingasviki muna 1913;
- munhu nezvinhu yairema vanopfuura mamiriyoni 10 vanhu zvichikonzerwa hondo, nzara, zvirwere uye kuenda kumwe kuti;
- Nzara yakaipisisa muna 1921 sezvo pamusana yemuraudzo. Nzara akadzinga vanhu mumusha, somugumisiro veguta vakanga vazvipira, ari mafekitari paiva kusachengeteka kukuru kwezvokudya nokuneta;
- kutanga murimi mudiki hondo ;
- More ngozi foci ari yemuna vashandi, masoja uye vengarava.
Hurumende rakapa dzakatevedzana mitemo nehasha, asi kune nzara uye pissed vanhu akanga asina mwoyo. Vakanga vasina hwazadzika. Ipapo Bolsheviks vakaziva kuti upfumi njodzi yavo simba pamusoro, uye pakarepo panguva X Congress of Communist Party muna March 1921, kosi idzva akabatwa.
Ndezvipi chikuru zviitiko NEP mune zvokurima
Chekutanga zvakanga zvakakodzera kudyisa vanhu vane nzara, izvo zvaida kuti ndiponesezve musha uye rokurima zvekutepfenyura. Requisitioning chikatsiviwa mutero zvinorwadza, izvo zvaireva kubviswa 70% chezviyo hakusi, asi% chete 30. Naizvozvo mwero wacho wakaderedzwa kusvika 10% yakachena chigadzirwa, uye pashure zvose kutsiviwa muchimiro mari.
Varimi Wealthy vaifanira kubhadhara chimwe zvokurima mutero. chiyero iyi zvakakomba chakakanganisika kukura zvokurima.
It aibvumirwa kunyika kubvarurwa, kushandiswa unokubatira basa.
The amboshandurirwa Pricing mutemo vakarerwa zviyo mitengo uye inokosha zvokurima zvigadzirwa. Izvi zvakaita kuti varimi zvakakwana muripo basa ravo uye kuti vawane maindasitiri zvigadzirwa.
mugove weshumba iri murimi mudiki mhuri vaiita zvakasiyana-siyana nyore co-oparesheni.
Kwaiitika NEP ari indasitiri
Ndezvipi chikuru zviitiko zviri NEP iri indasitiri? Chokutanga, dzicharatidza kufukidza majana kufamba.
Unoponesa emakambani diki uye unosvikirwa voga. Private vaburitsi akabvumirwa kurenda zvebhizimisi uye mubayiro-vashandi kusvikira vanhu 20. Gare gare, pangava nhamba vakaripira vanhu yakawedzera.
The nyika kwakasimbiswa yakakura richikurukura wezvokutengeserana makambani, uyo akaronga Wholesale rokutengesa ose apedza zvigadzirwa.
Location nechepakati mapuranga vakatora anovimba, dzakanga akabatanidza akapfeka yunifomu pamusoro mhando kugadzirwa zvemari-ukama maindasitiri. Pashure kwokuripirwa mari yemitero vaifanira kodzero dzokurasa chero yasara mari.
The Bolsheviks kwenguva akasiya vakaronga kugadzirwa nokupa nokuchengetesa kusarudza chii sei zvikuru uye kuti vabereke, marii kutenga mbishi zvinhu uye kupi kutengesa zvigadzirwa zvavo. gadziriro yakadaro inonzi kuzvitsigira.
The chikuru kupokanidzana NEP zvoupfumi
pfungwa zvikuru sei kunge NEP chiitiko? Tafura chinotsanangura huru akaipa migumisiro New Deal:
| The zvekurima chikamu | indasitiri |
| Overproduction, somugumisiro zvakare yakaderera mitengo kuti zvokurima zvigadzirwa. | Underproduction vanopfuura 60%, zvichiguma mutengo kugadzirwa zvinhu akabhururuka yakakwirira chaizvo. |
| Kunonyorwa varimi dzakapfuma, somugumisiro zvakava maturo kukudziridza upfumi. | The chikuru Chikamu yose bhizimisi uye dzimwe zvokutengeserana vakanga inotongwa nehurumende, izvo makadzivisa zvikuru kuzoita nemauto. |
| Kushaya chezvinhu kuti kusika zvokudya reserves munyika kwakakonzera nzara. | Kushaya private guta inopikira kwaita kuti hombe water drainage kuti makambani. |
Zvisarudzo kwakadaro akafukidza zvakanaka zviitiko NEP. The tafura kumusoro rinosimbisa kuti vasina kudzidza Zvaitongwa Bolsheviks zveupfumi akaita mutsva dambudziko munyika uye magariro kusawirirana.
Zvakabuda Itsva Deal
NEP mabasa zveupfumi vaibudirira dzinopesana. Kudivi rimwe, vakanga zvainanga pakudzikamisa upfumi, kwakamutsa kumutsidzirwa muruwa uye maindasitiri, zvinopa pfupi zvakanaka kwevanhu. Ukuwo, itsva mutemo zvoupfumi kwakavakirwa pamusika ukama, asi chinangwa enyika ari ehurumende - kuvaka gutsaruzhinji - haana kuchinja. Nationalization zvakakonzera zvachose water drainage vanorumwe inivhesitimendi.
Mumakore ari NEP kuitira nyika nezvokudya Bolsheviks vakatanga zvakare kuti ngavabude "yemuraudzo" zvokudya mumusha, somugumisiro varimi kwakaderedza acreage. Ko zvino atora?
"Price chigero" pakati zvokurima uye mumaindasitiri kwemauto wakatsamwisa pachisara kuti mutengi nhumbi pamusoro yaitwa nokuperevedza kwezvokudya. kugadzirwa zvinhu rokutengesa zvakatungamirira zvinetso indasitiri maturo. Kuvhara mari gwanza, ivo Bolsheviks rakapa mari itsva dzaivapo, izvo pakarepo zvakatungamirira hyperinflation.
kuzvipokanidza zvose izvi zvakakonzera hupere of NEP muna 1928.
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