Voivod Shein: pfupi Biography uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Spring mangwanani, April 28, 1634 Moscow ruzha vanhu vaidirana Red Square. Kunyange pano, muguta guru, kujaira vaiurayiwa tifunge kuuya chiitiko kwakaita kwakapararira mufaro - hapana chinosekesa, kuti scaffold aifanira vanokwira chikuru gavhuna youmambo Shein, uye pamwe naye uye mubatsiri wake Vanya Izmailov uye mwanakomana wake Basil. Chii chakaita kuti scaffold izvi zuro nevanhu nokuremekedza?

Young mukwiri - wenhaka ane mhuri yekare

About apo uye kana akaberekwa gavhuna Shein Mihail Borisovich, mashoko asina akachengetedzwa, asi, maererano vamwe vaongorori vanowanzomuitira kudavira kuti chiitiko ichi chakaitika mukunopera 70-ies zviri XVI remakore. Tinoziva zvakare kuti ari wakaburuka kubva refu mutsetse vavakuru Shein, kududzwa izvo zvinowanikwa yaMakoronike, kubvira XIV remakore.

nzira yako pamusoro vakuru vakuru roruvanze Gavhuna Shein akatanga kuva squire paitonga Boris Godunov Serpukhov panguva kurwisa kwake vazhinji pakati Tatar Khan Giray Gaza. Akasimbisa nzvimbo yake nokuroora mwanasikana mumwe dzepedyo nehama mambo - Maria Godunov. Pedigree, saka ane autocrat, akangoerekana akakwira manera, uye wakagamuchira unokudzwa kwazvo nzvimbo vaya nguva Chashnik, kureva, mukuru, akanga ari mutariri waini wedzimba wamambo.

Pakutanga Polish kupindira

Kubva emiti ine mhiri kwemakungwa waini muduku wamambo Mikhail Shein kubvaruka vemauto akavhiyiwa kuti kwakaitika muna nechisimba muna 1604 hondo Polish-Lithuanian uye kubuda mukati Russia munyengeri Venhema Dmitry I. Kuita Hondo Novgorod-Seversky, iye akafuka mukubwinya amborwira kubva kurumidza rufu mukuru eRussia pakati Prince Fedor Mstislavovich. Nokuti Feat ichi Kesari akamupa kwamachinda uye akaisa chikuru warlord akabatwa kubva muguta muvengi.

The zvakazoitika zvinopindura nenzira iyo, nokuda rufu Borisa Godunova uye vakawanda kuchinjwa chinokosha nhamba vagere pedyo nemisha kurutivi Lzhedmitriya I Shein akanga amanikidzwa kupika kuvimbika munyengeri, uye chete kwava kuda pokuwa rokupedzisira akamuponesa kubva rokumanikidzirwa mhiko iyi.

New kurwa uye mumwe kugadzwa

A akakurumbira chaizvo basa reDare mubati Shein uye kudzivisa yemuna Ivan Bolotnikov, yakatanga paitonga Ivana Shuyskogo. Sechikamu mauto akatuma kukurira mumwe mupanduki, siya gwara revanhu vake chete ropa uye kuparadzwa, aiitawo zvikuru hondo dzose mushandirapamwe. Aiva mukana kurwisa uye pasi Yelets, uye Pakhra rwizi, uye madziro Kremlin, apo akatungamirira chehondo Smolensk vanoremekedzwa vezvikwata. Paiva gavhuna muduku uye pakati kukupfura, vakakomba Tula, razova okupedzisira nhare bolotnikovtsev.

Kana muna 1607 pakava mungozi kubatwa pakati Smolensk nevarwi wePolish King Sigismund, Chirevo chamambo meya akagadzwa gavhuna Shein. Smolensk Defense rinomiririra inokosha inokosha basa, sezvo akavata nenzira muvengi Moscow. Panyaya iyi, gavhuna akaenda basa guru.

The kusvika kweuto noutsinye

Vachitarisira rava kusvika muvengi, izvo, maererano iripo data, vaitarisira pamasvingo eguta pakutanga September 1609, mubati Shein yaiitisa rakakura regadziriro basa nechinangwa achisimbisa guta. Zvikurukuru pamusoro mirairo ake akanga layered nhare norusvingo, akamisira zvakawanda pasi Boris Godunov, uye akasika mamwe anodzivirira mitsetse zvemukati akawanda. Kuti kunyima muvengi anogona kushandisa nzvimbo yayo Zadneprovsky wakasimwa, zvose zvivako dzayo apisa, uye vagari mamita anopfuura 600 kuisa mukati munhare.

Mukutanga October wakaswedera Smolensk Sigismund kuti hondo, izvo kuverengwa 12,5 zviuru. People. Vakanga vaishora ne 5.5 zviuru. Nevanozvitsigira The guta racho. It vakatanga risingaenzaniswi heroism yawo kudzivirira guta, iro kwemwedzi 20. Pakapera zhinji vemauto dzekare, zvakanga muenzaniso vanoverengeka itsva uye underdeveloped mune Russian muitiro tactical anonyengera.

The kudzivirira, izvo yakaguma muna kukundwa

Zvikurukuru, tiri kutaura pamusoro hondo dzinonzi pevhu dzakarwiwa pamadziro eguta, kana akacherwa pasi masvingo nhare uye angu nemavharanda amuudza vasanyanya, zvichiita zvinhu Kurasikirwa kuna Poles. It akaburuka munhau uye kuratidzwa dzakawanda kurwisa kuchaitwa akakomba mauto. Naivowo zvitsva panguva pazano rakashandiswa, yakataurwa gavhuna Shein.

Zvisinei, kudzivirira Smolensk, pamwe neimwe mwedzi aiva achiri zvikuru rakaoma, nokuti kunze rubatsiro rakakombwa haana kugamuchira, uye mari yavo kusvika kumugumo. Somugumisiro, muchirimo 1611, apo 5.5 chiuru. The nevanozvitsigira wakasara vanhu 200 chete, asi Poles akatora guta.

Musungwa uye haizopereri adzokera Moscow

Vamwe vagari, achitiza kubva kuvavengi, akarikiya akazvifukidza mu huru temberi muguta racho - Monomakh Cathedral, uye akafa somugumisiro kuputika rakanga pasi pake magazini upfu. Emutungamiriri Sheina Poles akabatwa uye akatuma kuPoland, uko akapedza makore masere ari mujeri, kusvikira pakuguma kwemamiriro nguva yekumbotaurirana Deulino, mumwe ezvinhu izvo waiva kupanana vasungwa.

Pakati vakadzoka mutariri Shein. Photos, rinozvibereka mufananidzo wake mufananidzo yakakurumbira Russian Artist Yuri Melkova (akaisa pakutanga yacho), kana hazvitauri kuti mufananidzo akafanana, ipapo, chero zvazvingava, pfungwa mufananidzo waro pamberi pavanhu, akanga aona iye mudziviriri Yababa, kufanana paakaita gamba. haisati yapera hondo, uye pamusoro tariro zuro wacho mukuru nhapwa.

Zvakare pasi masvingo Smolensk

MuMoscow, gavhuna Shein vakanakidzwa kuremekedza waifarirwa uye nzvimbo chevaux Mikhail Fedorovich. Akanga basa kutungamirira mutikitivha mirairo, asi mubati nomwoyo wangu wose zvakabvaruka muhondo, uye muna 1632, apo wava apera Deulino chibvumirano, Kesari akatumwa kumusunungura saka isingakanganwiki Smolensk.

Pasinei chokwadi kuti pasi murayiro wake aiva nehondo kure vashoma hondo nevanozvitsigira, basa hazvaigoneka kuti vehurumende. Vaongorori mubasa kudzidza zvinoshamisa Zvikamu munhoroondo Russian, akaisa mberi shanduro dzakawanda achitsanangura chiitiko.

mumwe kukundwa

Maererano vazhinji vavo, chikonzero kukundikana waiva kunonoka ari tsotsi muchiuto vakuru anokonzera Kusasvika rakakombwa Smolensk simba zvokugumurisa naro nharirire aigona kupinda muguta. Vamwe vanoti kune dzose kuvhiringidzwa mukufamba vemauto remapazi sagona mumunda uyu chevaux Mikhail Fedorovich uye vakabvuma kuti kukanganisa. Kune vatsigiri shanduro maererano iyo, waini zvikuru kunobva kuna gavhuna Shein.

Imwe nzira kana mumwe, asi nguva yakakodzera nokuda kusunungurwa guta, rave kubuda, uye nokukurumidza vakaenda kuguta zviuru zvizhinji hondo pakati Sigismund III akamanikidzira nharirire kumubvunza kuti chibvumirano. It rwaiwanikwa uye akabvumira Shein uye mauto dzaakapiwa kuti kutiza masvingo Smolensk, asi mamiriro anyare kwavari.

Upenyu kutapudza pamusoro scaffold

MuMoscow, akakunda gavhuna kutarisirwa kupfuura chando mabiko. Mhosva kukundikana nemauto akapiwa naye. Uyezve, mambo kufarira zuro wacho akapomerwa hurumende, pana makuhwa, zvichipomerwa pavaiva muutapwa Polish, akapika mhiko kuna Mambo Sigismund III. Asi nyanzvi dzakawanda dzemazuva ano vanodavira kuti chikonzero chaiva chido chevaux Mikhail Fedorovich kupomera gavhuna pasi pake zvikanganiso wake utungamiriri kweuto kuvhiyiwa. Imwe nzira kana mumwe, asi musangano kukurumidza Boyar basa akamutongera rufu.

Nhau kuti gavhuna Shein nemhosva kurasikirwa chakakonzerwa namaneja navo pasi masvingo Smolensk, akanga panoonekwa panguva nzanga zvakawanda chaizvo. Vazhinji vemauto varume vakarwa pasi murayiro wokutanga Shein, zvakajeka dzinoronga uye akatyisidzira kurega zvachose kubva kuhondo, asi pakanga avo kuti nepaburi zvadzorwa vachifara zvikuru. Kunyanya yakawanda vavo takapoteredzwa namambo. Zvichida zvakanga waitirwa chivande vakawira kamwe vairemekedza zvose gavhuna Shein, pfupi Biography iyo vakaumba hwaro nyaya yedu.