Maindasitiri muna USSR: wokutanga Five-Year Plan

Rokutanga urongwa-gore mashanu - pane zvinodiwa kutumidza rokutanga urongwa-gore mashanu sezvo chikamu kumanikidzwa kwemaindasitiri USSR mukunopera 1930s. Nokuda kumwedzi nguva ino, nyika akapiwa simba maindasitiri-uto kunzwisisa.

Chii pafungidziro pakati kumanikidzwa kwemaindasitiri yeSoviet Union? The kukundikana New Economic Policy, kana NEP, dzinova dambudziko zvezviyo zvokuvakisa mumakore 1927-1928, kwakaita kuti chisarudzo utungamiri shanduko mune zvoupfumi mutemo uye kutanga shanduko yose ezvinhu ari Union.

Panguva First Five-Year Plan - 1928 (musi sevanakomana kuronga) - 1932 (wava, kureva kuita zvose mabasa okutanga chokutambudzika kwemaindasitiri).

On yezwi mutemo mutsva uye kuitwa rokutanga urongwa-gore mashanu rakaitirwa pamusoro 16 Conference of CPSU (b). Rokutanga urongwa-gore mashanu akatanga muna October 1928. Ndipo apo chirongwa rakazoshandiswa, asi yakanga isati pachena zvinangwa.

Chii zvinangwa akaisa pachayo nehurumende USSR? Chekutanga, zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti kukunda hwokugadzira uye mukuru backwardness nyika; Chechipiri, Soviet Union aifanira kubvisa zvoupfumi kuvimba, achinyanya zvokuyamura nemauto; Chechitatu, simba isati inokosha basa: kuumba nemauto-maindasitiri kunzwisisa simba; Chechina, kuti maindasitiri kwaiva kupa simba hwaro collectivization.

Rokutanga urongwa-gore mashanu ine zvachiri:

• yakakwirira kukura (kwemaindasitiri rinonzi "kumanikidzwa");
• deadlines (akakurumbira zvinoda "Ipai 5 yrs muna 4 Makore!);
• disproportion iri kukura: ari predominance pamusoro rinorema indasitiri pamusoro chiedza;
• Implementation kuti maindasitiri tichiregeredza mudzimba mari.

Vatungamiriri Soviet kushandisa zvose nzira kukwezva vanhu kuti mukanyiwa "kuvakwa." Mazana evanhu, achiona mushandirapamwe miri, tumai uye akavaka mafekitari, vakaisa railroads, muchirongwa chokuvaka simba zvinomera. Munhambo ichi, paiva guru inonyatsozivikanwa mapepa Soviet kuti dzinoratidza musimboti asanyanya vanhu panguva iyoyo.

Uyewo panguva yokutanga Five-Year Plan kwakatangwa collectivization, izvo Akaperekedzwa dispossession. Mugore rokutanga urongwa-gore mashanu rechipiri kuti gare gare kunzi "mugore kuchinja kukuru." Zvisinei, haasi munhu wose anoziva mutengo akasika mumapurazi uye mafekitari. Mhuri mangani varombo vave kunyimwa imba, kuti vanhu vazhinji vakafa nechando ...

Muna 1932, pakupedzisira rokutanga Five-Year Plan. zvabuda ayo akanga sezvinotevera:

• simba kuzvidzivirira kunzwisisa wakasikwa;
• Rakanga yakapedza urovha;
• rusununguko of Soviet Union upfumi rave kubudirira;
• paiva vakaronga hurongwa upfumi yeSoviet Union ;
• urongwa-gore mashanu akaita dzinovhurika zvikuru kusimudzira nyika.

Vokutanga Five-Year Plan yave kubudirira maererano mabasa: kusika DnieproGES, Uralmash, paiva hofori simbi zvinomera, kusanganisira muti muna Magnitogorsk, kuChelyabinsk, Novokuznetsk uye Norilsk. Akazarura kuchiteshi wokutanga muMoscow, vakatanga kushanda tarakita mafekitari muna Stalingrad uye Kharkov. Nokudaro, USSR aiva simba guru rehondo uye mumaindasitiri kuzvitonga.