Ndeipi paradigm mu kwepfungwa uye evanhu

Pfungwa yokuti 'paradigm "yakatanga kwakamboitwa muuzivi sayenzi positivist G. Bergman, asi vakava kuzivikanwa pashure Bhuku T. Kuhn mabasa avo zvesayenzi uye dzouzivi. Akapa maonero ake pamusoro masayendisiti chimurenga sezvo paradigm kuchinja - vamwe kutanga Conceptual uye yokungotaura zveupfumi kudzora nesayenzi pane imwe nhoroondo kumwedzi. Saka chii chiri paradigm zvesayenzi? Pasi pfungwa iyi zvinoreva zvachose kutendeka zvitendero kwesayenzi, tsika uye maitiro muchidzidza, ayo unogashirwa masayendisiti.

Psychological maonero pfungwa "paradigm". Kutsunga Nzira dzakasiyana

Maererano nesayenzi kwepfungwa uye mitemo kuratidzwa yayo kuumbwa nzira nhatu pamusoro mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti: "Chii chinonzi paradigm mu zvepfungwa?".

Wokutanga kusvika kunoratidzwa chokuti ichi sainzi zvakasikwa ndiyo doparadigmalnoy munda zivo, sezvinoita paradigm nesayenzi harisati yambokurukurwa.

In rechipiri kusvika, vanachiremba vanodavira multiparadigmality sainzi, sezvo yakaumbwa akawanda paradigms - psychoanalytic, behaviorist, humanist, cognitivist uye nevamwe.

Wechitatu kusvika kunoratidzwa nokuti zvepfungwa anonzi vneparadigmalnoy nesayenzi, nekuti pfungwa "paradigm" hairevi mumunda uyu.

Humanities uye zvakasikwa nesayenzi paradigms mu kwepfungwa

The akakurumbira musayendisiti German Wilhelm Dilthey akagoverana tsananguro zvepfungwa pane zvakawanda gravitating kuti nzira sciences chaiyo, uye rairatidza kana kunzwisisa. maonero uyu marudzi maviri sayenzi kuhupenyu nhasi.

Nzira uye unyanzvi nezivo womunhu psyche vari vachishingaira kukurukurwa zvepfungwa, uye dambudziko iri harisi chimwe chete mhinduro. Ichirondedzera izvi, B. ita kunyora kuti vanachiremba kazhinji kunzwa, kunyanya kubva vamiririri sayenzi chaiwo, kuti zvepfungwa haisi sainzi, sezvo risina mitemo chaiwo kukurairisai kwesayenzi nzira kutsvakurudza. Zvisinei, Ukuwo, achangopera vanachiremba vari kutanga kuti zvematongerwo kwemasvomhu nzira kuti kutsanangura kushanda kwendangariro, tsvaka kuchenesa formalization, hakusi muka kunyange nevanhu - muti, vanhu psyche zvokuti kunzwisisa kuti hazvibviri kuti formalize. The chete mamiriro ezvinhu tinogona kuchengeta ari chaizvo zvepfungwa.

Vashori scientistic kusvika sezvo muenzaniso vatungamirire psychoanalysis. Sezvo yakakurumbira Kizhi yakavakwa pasina rimwe mbambo, uye kuvakwa psychoanalytic nezvemaitiro zvepfungwa yakavakwa pasina rimwe kwemasvomhu chiratidzo. Discussions vatsigiri nzira izvi vachiri kuenda mberi.

Pfungwa paradigm mu evanhu

Kuti tinzwisise kuti paradigm iri evanhu, unofanira kuziva kuti kana toreva pfungwa "paradigm" zvesayenzi ichi anovandudza zvakafanana ezvinhu ataurwa pamusoro apa. Sezvo evanhu pane vakawanda zvikuru dzidziso, ayo sezvinoita zvepfungwa, zvinogona kunzi "multiparadigmality" sayenzi, kureva, kurangwa nesayenzi kuti ane vakawanda paradigms. Kuzviona ayo mamiriro, iro nyanzvi GV Osipov akaona dzinoverengeka dzakashandiswa huru kuti dzinobva anozivikanwa dzidziso Durkheim, Marx, B. Skinner, M. Weber.

A siyanei mhinduro yomubvunzo: "? Chii chinonzi paradigm" inogona kuwanika Sociological mabhuku kunze. Somuenzaniso, Giddens anoona sezvo paradigmatic zvesayenzi dzidziso pamusoro Karl Marx, Auguste Comte, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber. Pamwe izvi, haugoni kutaura zvakawanda paradigms mu evanhu, asi vaviri chete - chekare uye ano. evanhu vazhinji vatorwa nharo kuti akatsanangura maererano kukurumidza kuchinja hunhu ino nguva evanhu pezvakaitwa achibatsirwa ari yokungotaura constructs masayendisiti amakore akapfuura vasingachakwanisi. Saka, zvinhu izvo zvakasikwa mufananidzo evanhu chokwadi, maonero avo pamusoro vanhu vanofanira kuva itsva Sociological paradigm.