Potassium permanganate: huru zvemakemikari zvivako uye kuita

Potassium permanganate muchiLatin anonzi Kalii permanganas. Nyika inongova potassium permanganate - potassium munyu iri maitiro manganese acid. Lettering KMnO. Contact pamwe Organic siyana mapuroteni - albuminates, muviri nezvekufadza iyi kuita akapfuura kutsva manyawi, knitting, zvomunharaunda nokushatiriswa apo kuva kuporeswa kushanda uye deodorant pfuma uye mushonga.

Potassium permanganate yakanga yakagadzirwa electrochemical oxidation pamusoro manganese yeimwe kana kuchinja zvikuru avo. Hedzino dzimwe anwa potassium permanganate, iri zvinowanzoshandiswa bhizimisi uye pharmacology:

2MnO2 +3 Cl2 + 8KOH → 2KMnO4 + 6KCl + 4H2O

2K2MnO4 + 2H2O → 2KMnO4 + H2 ↑ + 2KOH.

Pano, sezvatinoona, manganese, oxidized, iri vakaita kuiisa chlorine uye potassium munyu pamusoro mamorekuru. Chechipiri bhangi maitiro ari zvinowanzoshandiswa indasitiri, sezvo endothermic potassium permanganate zvinoberekwa electrolysis yacho Kuisa pfungwa pachinhu chimwe.

The ehupfumi zvokunyama kuti potassium permanganate

In sayenzi mukomboni ichi chinonziwo potassium permanganate, inova granular crystals uye orthorhombic chimiro yerima dzepepuru ruvara. The potassium permanganate crystals chimiro uchiora pamusoro kudziyisa tembiricha kuti 240 ° C uye kumusoro, pova okisijeni mhindumupindu. Izvi chinoratidzwa zvinotevera maitiro:

2KMnO4 = K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2.

The fuma arambe achirema 2,703 g / CC. Cube matadza guru potassium permanganate - 158,03 g / mol. The solubility pamusoro yeimwe mumvura kunobva wevasungwa uye mvura kupisa (Data dzinotaurwa Table 1).

Table 1. Solubility kuti potassium permanganate panguva tembiricha dzakasiyana

Zvichienderana chitsama crystals akawedzera mvura tembiricha zvakasiyana, mumwe mhinduro achava Hue - kubva simba, hapana magenta yakaderera wevasungwa kuti yepepuru-Violet - takawanda. Other zvokufembedzwa potassium permanganate crystals protrude acetone, amoniya uye methyl doro.

Chemical ehupfumi kuti potassium permanganate

Fuma "potassium permanganate" ndiwo kumbonyanya simba oxidizing mumiririri. Zvichienderana ph ari svikiro nayo chiito pamusoro-siyana zvinhu kuri kuderedzwa kuti manganese mune mukana wokuti vanhu vanga yeimwe akasiyana inosiyana oxidation. Somuenzaniso, mune imwe acidic ezvinhu - II, mune imwe alkaline - kusvikira VI, nenzira kwazvakarerekera svikiro ukuwo - kuti IV.

Pamuganhu kunyatsotora sulfuric acid, potassium permanganate, zvemakemikari ehupfumi izvo zvinoratidza oxidation kunokonzera ane putika maitiro, uye zvabudiswa okisijeni apo nenharo - nzira iri kushandiswa O2 kugadzirwa mu indasitiri.

Kushandiswa potassium permanganate

Mazuva rabhoritari kugadzirwa potassium permanganate akaparadzirwa makemikari kwetunhu sezvo oxidant. The alkaline mhinduro iri kubudirira nokuchenesa uye degreasing mumiririri. Popular uye ichiita mabasa akawanda kushanda 0.1% mhinduro iri mushonga pakurapa kutsva, rinsing, disinfection, vachiwana muchetura. Vamwe Pharmacies musarega zvinhu izvi, sezvo hurongwa Ushumiri, zvinonzi Classified kuti kuputika njodzi. Asi iwe unogona kuwana potassium permanganate mu zvegadheni muzvitoro apo inotengeswa somunhu fetiraiza.