Chii yesayenzi dzidziso

ndiyo A yesayenzi dzidziso wakakwirira chimiro inotungamirwa zivo yesayenzi. Izvi soro chimiro kupa RUBATSIRO RUNOTARISA maonero pamusoro, zvinhu linkages uye mifananidzo imwe kudzidza nzvimbo chaiyoiyo.

A yesayenzi dzidziso anoratidzwa nokufarirwa maitiro, zvine musoro zvinodyidzana. Building ruzivo mairi rinoitwa nokushandiswa uchapupu anotsanangura mashandiro. A yesayenzi dzidziso rinosanganisa chairo tsvakurudzo chirongwa, izvo zvinoita kuvimbika kwayo, nacho sezvo rimwe hurongwa chine ruzivo. A methodological nemaonero, akapa kuti hurongwa vanofanira kutsvaka maximize zvakakwana uye zvakazara kutsanangura, vanoratidza nzvimbo, apo kuramba kuvimbika uye zvemukati kusachinja-chinja.

A yesayenzi dzidziso unotora dzinoverengeka zvinoriumba. Izvi zvinosanganisira, kunyanya zvinosanganisira empirical hwaro (zvinobva chokwadi chemamiriro kuedza), mashoko yokungotaura hwaro (mitemo uye postulates basa netsananguro idealized zvinhu). Mukuwedzera, kwegadziriro pfungwa (nheyo nemitemo uchapupu uye inference), uye kuva nezvibereko uye mashoko.

Scientific dzidziso dzakasiyana hunhu mabasa. Uye nzira dzakasiyana siyana kuvakwa uye mhando chinozoiswa kwendangariro. Pamwe izvi zvakasiyana siyana uye mhando idealization idealized zvinhu uye kunowirirana rakasiyana-siyana dzesayenzi dzidziso. Panyaya iyi, pane kupatsanura gadziriro, maererano iyo dzidziso yesayenzi vari rakakamurwa deductive rairatidza uye mathematized.

For anorondedzera (empirical) hurongwa zvinosanganisira Somuenzaniso, dzidziso yokushanduka-shanduka, akawedzera Darwin, Pavlov kuti vasiri hurongwa. In chete muchikwata waisanganisira uye mitauro yokuti mune zvetsika pfungwa dzakawanda ano dzidziso wepfungwa uye nevamwe. Maererano vakawanda experimental data, akati ruzivo hurongwa anorondedzera dzakananga boka mananara uye zvinhu. Izvi zvinoita kuti tikwanise kuona mukuru mitemo zvinoumba hwaro dzidziso. Kazhinji, rairatidza maitiro zvaitwa nemutoo uri nyore dzinongoitika mutauro uchishandisa chaiyo mazwi ose nhengo dzine unyanzvi.

Mathematized dzidziso anosiyana kushingaira kunobatanidza kwemasvomhu zvishandiso yokutevedzera. The womuenzaniso ndiyo yakanaka magadzirirwo chinhu kuti anoitsivanisa nezvinhu zvimwe yakananga chinhu chaicho. Hworudzi urwu dzidziso ndiyo kwemasvomhu zvemutauro, genetics, yokungotaura wefizikisi.

Wechitatu mhando vari deductive gadziriro. Kudiwa rokuvaka vavo akazviratidza nokuda huripo nezvinetso kwemasvomhu pfungwa. Yokutanga deductive dzidziso zvinosanganisira "Nako" pamusoro Euclid. Dzinovakwa pachishandiswa ari axiomatic musimboti. Izvi dzesayenzi dzidziso akambochera mumatanho dzakawanda. First akagadzira chepakutanga, chepakutanga hwaro. Ipapo mhosva dziri kuwanikwa kubva chawo ichi. Rakashandiswa deductive dzidziso musoro zvishandiso iri zvachose wakaiswa, sezvo uchapupu akavaka pachishandiswa zviridzwa izvi. Izvi hurongwa vanoshandisa mutauro formalized inokosha.

The yesayenzi izwi wakasikwa maererano zvimwe zvinodiwa. Anofanira kuvapo zvakakwana akarondedzera chinhu, rondedzero yezvinoreva kuongororwa chokwadi chizere. Chinhu chinokosha ezvinhu ndiwo ukama-siyana zvinoriumba, chienderane ruzivo Data.

Kushandisa nzira nesayenzi pachisara vaongorori kwete chete kusika chinhu rondedzero iri kuMudzidzisi nyaya nzvimbo, asi kutsanangura kwavo basa, mamiriro, akafanana, Genesi.

Mune mamwe kururamiswa nzira (falsification, ongororo, etc.) inogona kushandiswa neipi hurongwa. Kazhinji, vari chokuita kutsoropodza nheyo yokungotaura.