Amino acids: nemakemikari omuviri, kupatsanura

Nokuti zvizere womunhu muviri, achiita zvose mabasa zvaunofanira kudya zvokudya akapfuma mapuroteni, mafuta, makabhohaidhiretsi. Mapuroteni, uye mapuroteni muri zvinoumba muchitokisi, saka munhu anofanira mapuroteni zvokudya. Ndezvipi amino acids? The nemakemikari omuviri pamusoro yeimwe izvi - nyaya inokosha kuti akakodzerwa hwakadzama nehanya uye kudzidza.

kunyanya amino acids

yeimwe izvi zvakakodzera kuti kwetunhu mapuroteni mamorekuru. Zvakasikwa, kune pamusoro zvakasiyana amino acids zana namakumi mashanu, asi kwete vose kunokosha womunhu muviri. Chatinoda ane amino asidhi? Nemakemikari omuviri 20 yeimwe izvi akanga akadzidza zvakadzama nezvinhu mudzimba uye vatorwa masayendisiti. Rakanga Vakawana kuti gumi vavo vanokwanisa kuti synthesized mumuviri womunhu, uye vasere chete amino acids munhu anofanira kuwana zvokudya.

kupatsanura

Funga zvimwe amino acids. Nemakemikari omuviri, kupatsanura ava Organic yeimwe inosanganisira kuparadzana mapoka makuru matatu:

• zvinokosha zvinobva chikafu. Kwakadaro zvinhu hazvigoni synthesized mukati muviri;
• Kuchinjaniswa akaumba mumuviri, akawira mariri, pamwe mapuroteni zvokudya;
• Kuchinjaniswa conventionally zvinogadzirwa kubva zvinokosha yeimwe.

Key ehupfumi

Ndezvipi mumuviri uye zvemakemikari zvivako zviri amino acids? The nemakemikari omuviri pamusoro yeimwe izvi zvinopa pfungwa dzavo zvinokosha zvatariswa. Amino acids vane yakakwirira utsotso pfungwa, zvakakwana soluble nemvura, vane crystalline chimiro.

Chiizve vanoonekwa ne amino acids? Nemakemikari omuviri fomura navo kunoratidza kuvapo kabhoni mamorekuru ane Manyiminya basa.

mushonga unhu

Dzavo kufarira nemakemikari omuviri. Aminoacids - chikuru maumbirwo peptides. It ndeyokuita tichibatanidza akawanda amino asidhi residues imwe Linear Murongerwo ari kwetunhu ane puroteni Morekuru. Parinoshandiswa munhu glycine upfu kana mapiritsi, akurumidze uye nyore kupinda pakati makemikari fuma muropa. Dzavo kufarira nemakemikari omuviri. Amino acids, mapuroteni, makabhohaidhiretsi, mafuta - zvinhu zviri zvakafanira kuti nokushanda kwenhengo mupenyu muviri. Vakati simuka dzakakwirira kushaikwa chirwere.

Amino acids vari amphoteric yeimwe nedzokunze hunyambiri namakemikari ehupfumi.

The zvoutachiona ukoshi

Kirasi ichi senitrogen tubhokisi yeimwe mhosva kwetunhu mapuroteni mamorekuru mumuviri womunhu. In nyaya dhefisiti, pane matambudziko chakakomba tsinga. Chiizve chinokosha kuti muviri amino acids? Nemakemikari omuviri izvi amphoteric yeimwe anotsanangura kukosha kwavo biosynthesis ose glycogen ari chiropa. Its kukwana mari kunotungamirira chirwere chakakomba. Pakati huru zvikonzero nokushayikwa 20 zvinokosha amino acids, vanachiremba akadana zvirwere zvokudya, kushandisa doro, hurongwa kunetseka ezvinhu. Kuti tidzivise Kuparadzwa muviri (kudzivisa mapuroteni kushaikwa), unofanira kusanganisira zvokudya dheri, nyama, Sou zvigadzirwa.

duality ehupfumi

Zvii vane amino asidhi? Nemakemikari omuviri yeimwe izvi nokuda pamberi ari mamorekuru mapoka maviri dzichipfekeka. Izvi makemikari vane carboxyl (acid) boka COOH, uyewo vari amines. Kwakadaro STRUCTURAL zvinhu vatsanangure nemakemikari zvinhu.

Kufanana ne Organic uye chicherwa acids unoratidzwa nezviito nokuva nesimbi, zvinhu oxides, zvigadziko, munyu kusimba acids. Uyezve amino acids vanokwanisa kupinda kwemakemikari maitiro pamwe alcohols kuumbika esters. Pamberi amino boka rinotsanangura kudyidzana kwavo acids ari anyatsoronga-acceptor mashandiro yokukurukurirana.

Kupatsanura uye Nomenclature

Zvichienderana nzvimbo mapoka carboxyl anogona kukugoverai izvi Organic yeimwe kuti Arifa, Beta, amino acids. Vakaverengwa kabhoni kwemaatomu sezvamakaropafadzwa munhu kabhoni kunotanga kutevera asidhi boka.

In Organic kemesitiri dzoga amino asidhi maererano nokuwanda dzichipfekeka mapoka: zvinokosha, vasina kwavakarerekera, acidic.

Zvichienderana ari yeHydrocarbon radicals kazhinji Classified zvose amino acids pamusoro mafuta (aliphatic) heterocyclic, anonhuhwirira uye nesarufa tubhokisi yeimwe. Somuenzaniso, anonhuhwirira amino asidhi inogona anomiririrwa 2 aminobenzoic acid.

By enderana Nomenclature pasi zita mukirasi iyi Organic yeimwe nechipi inoratidza nzvimbo amino boka, ipapo wedzera zita kabhoni cheni, rinosanganisira carboxyl boka. Arufabheti rechiGiriki rinoshandiswa chiitiko kuti amino asidhi uchanzi kubudikidza duku Nomenclature.

Kana Morekuru rine mbiri dzichipfekeka (amino), muzita chaiyo iri chivakashure inoshandiswa: diamino-, triamino-. For polybasic amino acids muzita rokuti akawedzera triol asidhi kana diol.

Features isomers uye kugadzirwa amino acids

Kupiwa specificity pakati makemikari urongwa vamiririri mukirasi iyi Organic zvinhu, kudoma akawanda marudzi isomerism. Saizvozvowo, carboxylic acids mu izvi amphoteric yeimwe, pane isomers munhu kabhoni marangwanda.

Unogonawo kuita isomers ane zvakasiyana nokurongwa amino functionality. Kufarira ndiye Manyiminya isomer mukirasi, izvo anobvumira kutsanangura chaivo kukosha kwavo zvipenyu.

Somunhu mbishi zvinhu nokuda kwetunhu zvinhu zvenaironi nyasha aminocaproic acid. By hydrolysis kunogona kuwanikwa 25 zvinokosha amino acids. Pane zvimwe zvinetso chokuita kupatsanurwa kunoguma musanganiswa amphoteric yeimwe. Kuwedzera hydrolysis mapuroteni mamorekuru zvinogona synthesized kuburikidza zvokuverengera amino acids kubudikidza maitiro galogenhzameschennyh gel-Volhard-Zelinsky.

Amino acids akaumba panguva dzinotsanagura hydrolysis kwemapurotini enzvimbo kune zvokudya. Izvi zvinhu ndiwo Dzinovaka, kunoitika nokuda inogara miriwo uye mhuka mapuroteni, saturation muviri zvinokosha zvinoumba nokuda kwayo upenyu huzere.

Somuenzaniso, kana vana zvikuru kuneta, anokonzerwa rinorema oparesheni, murwere itungamirirwe pamwero chaiye amino acids. With glutamic asidhi rinoitwa pakurapa huta zvirwere, gastric nemaronda zvakafanira kuti ushandise histidine. Mune zvokurima, kuti amino asidhi kushandiswa senzvimbo pamusoro kupfeka mhuka kusimudzira kukura kwavo uye kubudirira.

mhedziso

Amino acids vari amphoteric Organic yeimwe basa rinokosha kwevanhu uye mhuka namatongo. Kana kukwana kwazvo mumwe zvinokosha amino acids, pane zvinetso zvakakomba zvoutano. A kwakakwana mapuroteni Kudya zvikuru panguva yokuyaruka, uyewo vaya vanotambura zvachose kurovedza muviri, vari kushingaira mubasa zvemitambo.