Chii Phenology? phenological zvaanorumbidza

Kugara richiona nezvezvabuda nemwaka kuchinja dzinoitwa pachishandiswa zvinoshamisa mananara zvakasikwa. Ose Data kuti zviite chete hurongwa. inonzi - chimwe phenology. Uyezve zvimwe Aingoziva chirango ichi. Tinoona kuti kudzidza sayenzi phenology.

mazwi

Pamutemo Nhoroondo phenology vakatanga pakati pezana remakore rechi19. Izwi yakatanga wakatangwa na Charles Morran (nyanzvi kubva kuBelgium). Phenology somunhu sayenzi kwegadziriro ruzivo uye muunganidzwa mashoko ari nemwaka mananara zvakasikwa, avo zvinokonzera uye riini chitarisiko. Zvingaonekwa dzinoitwa pachishandiswa vanonzi fenoindikatorov (akadini - ichakurukura nokukurumidza). Kunze ndechokuti phenology zvidzidzo, zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti kosi yezvidzidzo kuona spatial nezvenyama mifananidzo cyclic kuchinja zvinhu zvakagara uye mapoka chokuita kufamba Pasi kunhivi zuva rose gore.

zviratidzi

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, phenological zvaanorumbidza dzinoitwa pachishandiswa zvinoshamisa mananara zvakasikwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira Somuenzaniso, zvinosanganisira ruva Cherry, kuti kwaita "nengetani" pamahombekombe, kana yellowing nemashizha. zviratidzo zvose izvi vanonzi "fenoindikatory". Ivo zvaizobatsira kuchinja zvakasikwa kubvira rimwe danho kune dzimwe nemwaka.

Zvichakadaro tembiricha

Pahwaro parameters aya chaiwo tsanangudzo zvakasikwa. Saka, Somuenzaniso, kugadzikana yezwi paavhareji zuva tembiricha pamusoro 0 madhigirii anonzi okunze veMubatanidzwa remvura, uye pamusoro 15 - chirimo. Kutaura zviri phenology, hatigoni kutaura kuti yose mamiriro zvidzidzo inobva Kuongorora nguva dzakasiyana yakareba. Saka, somuenzaniso, vanoonekwa chaiwo kuchinja tembiricha zviratidzi - madhigirii shanu. Somugumisiro, mwaka mumwe rakakamurwa pfupi zvikamu - phenological maitikiro. Mumwe kumwedzi ine yakatarwa ayo zvakasikwa (zvoga). Pamusana kwavari, vatsvakurudzi kusiyanisa rimwe danho nevamwe. Nguva chinonyanya mamirire mananara vane mazita avo, izvo wakaiswa karenda yenyika.

tsvakurudzo nzira

Mwaka uye nguva gore anoenderana mumwe. Visual phenological zvaanorumbidza, ane tsika nzira kana nzira, tsvakurudzo, kubvumira kunyoresa deadlines panowanikwa zvimwe zviitiko. Kuti vabudirire comparability kuti mashoko yaunganidzwa Vatsvakurudzi siyana, akambochera panorongwa, atlases uye tsanangudzo kwavari. In yakarongeka Shanduro dzakadaro akatsanangura phenophase zvinomera uye pamwaka mananara mhuka. For zvinangwa nesayenzi phenological zvaanorumbidza ndiyo nzira kuongorora nenzvimbo uye chaivo zvinhu uye kugadzwa mitemo.

Spring: zvinokosha

Kumusoro, pamusoro mubvunzo chii phenology, isu kutaurwa kuti ino ane chimiro. Uyezve, kuti voga mukuranga mwaka (nekaupenyu yakareba zvinoenderana mwaka), pane mapfupi nguva - danho. Saka, tsime zvinosanganisira mana podsezona. Mumwe nomumwe wavo vane zviratidzo zvavo.

snowbreak

Ichi ndicho chokutanga podsezon yechirimo. Unenge dzidzo yokutanga nyungudika. Kupedziswa nguva chinorondedzerwa nenzira rokutanga maruva Hazel-alder uye Hazel. Panguva iyi vanosvika larks, starlings, gulls uye rooks. Pana birches uye maples akacherekedza mumatenhere itsvo uye kufamba muto. Muminda anotanga iyerere uye zvishoma nezvishoma haarambi chando, mvura hake chando. Izvi rinopedzisa podsezone hove chando uye vanotanga hove pamusoro pemvura rakashama. Vamwe Vagari reservoirs (Ruff, neKubhi, nase uye dace, Ide, Pike) vari kutanga kugadzirira, uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo vanotanga kuita kuti pave. Mune dzimwe nharaunda zvakanaka Ngavabatwe nguva ino, bream uye roach.

The kumutsidzirwa remvura

Kutanga podsezona wechipiri rinobatana maruva alder. The yakarurama kupfuura chokukomborerwa nguva kuti vagere mumaguta kuonekwa mai-uye-naamainini, yellowing pamusoro shama mijenya. Tanga zviitiko cho iyi, kazhinji Central boka vakapemberera 15-20 April. Panguva ino, pane wokupedzisira kunyangarika echando nemvura miviri. Ivhu anotanga kuti aiyanika panze pamusoro. Panguva iyoyowo kuva passable vanhu uye nyore kutakurirwa shure migwagwa. Izviwo, kunozarura nzira yokuti anglers kure nzvimbo. Mune podsezone wechipiri woodcocks nendege uye Cranes, pane nyuchi, kutanga "inzwi" datya. Panguva iyoyo zvakanga Ndechokupemberera kumutsidzirwa earthworms. Kana rwizi vanogara, painoguma zviri kukonzera Pike uye Ide, neKubhi uye muna Ruff, anoramba, uye knot uye bream - iri chete kutanga. Izvi podsezone pamusoro Birch pemiti kunge yatumbuka namabukira, uye elm "guruva".

kukwirira kwematsutso

Pakutanga wechitatu podsezona birches kare vakapfeka girini mashizha. Inenge pamusoro makumi maviri panguva ino kune moto. Inosimudzira tembiricha kwete chete masikati asi usiku. Herbs nemiti yakabva kune dzimwe kunova mukobvu, anotanga vachiita yemichero. Insect anowana huru, uyewo songbirds kuti zvokudya pamusoro pavo. Muminda, paMaare uye masango ndipo nokukurumidza greening uye maruva. In kumahombekombe mumatenhere kunonzwiwa nightingales trill, uye vari Mafuro uye minda - zvihuta. Anotanga nziyo uye corncrake, crake. By nzira zviratidzo zvinofanira kusanganisira kuvakwa zviri kukonzera Ide uye akaramba ari Podust uye roach. Anovamba Jordania Pike, bream anovhura, akakwanisa zvishomanana kuita kuti pave, neKubhi kabhu. On kupera podsezona zvinoratidza maruva yepepuru Lilac uye gomo nedota.

"Predlete"

podsezon chechina dzinoratidzwa pakupera maruva yemichero, vykolashivaniem ochadhi rekushongedzesa uye chando rye. Zviitiko zvichiitika munguva ino, sezvaiitwa kutiza dragonflies. On pakaoma vakapemberera maruva Daisy-Daisy, uye munzvimbo nyoro - nots.

Summer: 1 podsezon

Kutanga ndinofanira kutaura kuti iyi rakakamurwa zvikamu zvitatu. First - ndiwo mavambo yezhizha. Papfungwa iyi inoratidza maruva omusango akasimuka. It, akavapindurawo, iri pamwe nemamwe mananara. Somuenzaniso, mune mapindu uye maruva chubushnik Viburnum, mumunda - rye, toadflax uye knapweed, mvura - chena seruva. Tembiricha rinobuda, zvakawanda mhepo iri kudziyirwa. Panguva ino, wakarebesa zuva gore. Tembiricha kunowedzera ari reservoirs.

"Full" yezhizha

Kutanga wechipiri, mukuru, podsezona rinobatana maruva Linden cordata. Fani iyi kuchengetwa nechepakati bhandi, kazhinji pakati 5 uye 15 July. Zvisinei, Mumaguta makuru, zvinoitika zvishoma apfuura. Somunhu akabatanidza Pointer kutanga zhizha zvizere, shandisa kuibvisa kuti vatema uye tsvuku the currant, Strawberry, uye musango - Blueberry. Tanga kuti ipere uye nightingales Dzanyarara cuckoos. On mumadhorobha patsangadzi anotumbuka yero tansy uye chicory rwebhuruu. Mhashu kuoneka vazhinji.

Kwokuderera muzhizha

Ndiwo podsezon yechitatu uye yokupedzisira. Nguva kunoratidzwa pakutanga ichiibvira cranberries. Usiku vari kuwana zvinooneka refu. At mambakwedza anotanga precipitate dova inotonhora. The tembiricha mvura munzizi uye madziva zvishoma nezvishoma shoma. The uswa kuti richivezwa munguva haymaking, panguva ino nguva kukura.

Autumn: kutanga

mwaka izvi, kufanana zhizha, rinosanganisira zvikamu zvitatu. Muchikamu European chikamu Russia yose nguva runogara pfuurei 3 months. Kuvamba Mumatsutso kunoratidzwa nechitarisiko yellow tambo vari korona ane elm, Linden uye Birch. Kupera podsezona vakachengeta apo uwandu egirini uye ijeke anova anenge akaenzana. Zvinonzi kazhinji munyaya okupedzisira gumi September, uye manyoro uye ushamwari kwematsutso - mukutanga October. Mumasango howa anotanga kuoneka. Mudenga imomo tenetnik achibhururuka dandemutande web. Mvura kuramba Zvisinei, atonhodze, huru mitumbi mvura tembiricha inodonha haisi yunifomu, sezvo chapamusoro.

"Golden Autumn"

Yechipiri kunoratidzwa kwakapararira podsezon yellowing uye defoliation. Masango zvishoma nezvishoma kutanga kuva pachena, shiri nokuunganidza makwai tama kuti anodziya climes. Kugadzirira kutama uye vachidzungaira pamwe roadsides uye munda micheto starlings uye rooks. Kuguma shizha vanowira elm, Aspen uye Birch inoratidza kutanga yakadzika kuwa. Nguva iyi rinovapo kusvikira wokutanga chando. Tembiricha iri repasi, nendege rwezasi okupedzisira zvipfuyo duck, swans uye shiri. Water uye pasi mhepo haachandidi nokukurumidza.

pre-chando

It rinopedzisa Mumatsutso nguva, iri panguva yezwi chando. Chaizvoizvo, nokuti ndizvo podsezon akawana zita rayo. Pakutanga nguva ino, wokutanga chando. -oma-up danho iri rakapera uye paumbwe Sled nzira.

chando

mwaka izvi, vatsvakurudzi Aiudzawo kupinda zvikamu zvitatu. Munguva yose nguva nezvinomera vari kwakadzika zororo, uye zvose neshiri siyana ndivo chete nevaya zvakanaka dzakashandisa chando ekunze. Sango iri kushanda chinhu - zvinenge mhuka dzose dzinorara kwenguva refu, uye ndiani asinganzwi kurara - nokuvigwa zviri burrows that. Kazhinji, chando rinotanga kuguma November uye rinovapo kusvikira pamusoro yechipiri hafu March.

Pervozime

Pakutanga podsezona chokutanga ichi reservoirs akafukidza vafuke chando. Kubvira zvavanokwanisa chando hove. The chokupedzisira. mumazuva 20 December, kwezuva muchando. kokutanga chinhu ndichibvunza nibble anova "nezvinyamusi" zvishoma, chando kunova mukobvu, mupfupi mazuva, uye mvura zvinoderedza uwandu yakanyauka okisijeni.

chando Root

Ndiyo podsezon wechipiri. iye anotanga, kazhinji muna February. Panguva ino, rwunotanga "nziyo" Tit kukuru.

kutsemuka chando

Chokupedzisira chokutambudzika rinotanga kuwedzera masikati. Kubvira panouya "tsime chiedza." Tanga kukura icicles marin'i madonhwe. Masikati zuva rematsutso yekudyidzana.

interconnection kuti zviitiko

Vodzokera mubvunzo zvakataurwa phenology, tinoona kuti mukati kurangwa akadzidza kwete zvakasikwa. Zvinofanira kuzivikanwa kuti nedoro iri nguva kwemwaka uye maitikiro kwenzvimbo uye nenzvimbo mamiriro ezvinhu mundima. nguva dzose dziri zvinodyidzana. Mumwe danho rinowanikwa mune imwe nguva. Somuenzaniso, tsime kufamba muto pamberi chete anouya mumeporo. 2 weeks pashure vatanga iitwe nokupupuma mitema Birch, izvo zvinozoita ndiwo mureza anglers: zvinoreva Ide anova kushingaira. Sezvo yave akati, zviri zvikuru, uye paavhareji kupisa masikati. Kunyange zvazvo iye havazomukizve pamusoro 5 madhigirii (ine ndinoiitawo chiratidzo), zvinomera kuramba kumanikidzwa zororo.

Sei tsvakurudzo?

Nzira uye phenology matambudziko vane kubatsira, pakutanga - nokuti National upfumi hwenyika. Regularities zvinokonzera kwegadziriro Karenda nemwaka zviitiko. Ivowo, zvinoshandiswa nesangano basa iri hunhu dziviriro, pakurwisa zvirwere anobatsira zvinomera, nenguva kubviswa zvipukanana. Information pamusoro vakawanda kutiza kweshiri nguva inokosha avhiyesheni. Kure tsvakurudzo pamusoro panyika anofanira kuva Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri nguva nokuda Implementation kutsvakurudza mashoko yokutama shiri. Zvakabuda kutarisana phenological zvaanorumbidza zvinoshandiswa pamasikiro plesieroorde, kuronga pakutengeserana kufamba. Research kunoita kuziva yomunharaunda zvezvakatipoteredza zviratidzo, izvo zvaizoitawo kuti tikwanise kuziva yomwaka hunhu ehurumende uye kufanotaura hunhu mumwaka wokukura.

Phenological mepu, kunyanya pamwero mukuru, tinofanira kuronga imwe kana zvimwe mumwaka maindasitiri. Natural anonongedzera zvinokosha kukura ndima uye pave itsva mhuka nemiti nemhaka yokukara. Saka, kunze kwokuti phenology kwakadaro, unogona kuita pachena mhedziso; ichi ndiko kurangwa yakaoma. Rinosanganisira dzakasiyana-siyana unyanzvi uye nzira kutsvakurudza. Zvose kuti kudzidza phenology, anobvumira zvikuru vakarongeka kushandiswa yepanyama kwezvakatipoteredza.