Ndege "White Swan" Tu-160: tsananguro, nokurondedzerwa,

Ndege Russian "White Swan" - muchina yakagadzirirwa Tupolev ndorwevaya mukirasi ndege zvechiuto. Ini inounganidzwa panguva Union. motokari dzakawanda uye unoshanda nanhasi. A pachena chinoratidza muenzaniso uyu ndiyo shanduka geometry bapiro. Boka maoko rinoreva Ndege. Kufanana zvose Tupolev michini, ndakabata kwayo "TU" iri rokuremekedza. Full zita Technical Data - Tu-160.

Panguva iyoyo, kurimwa ndege zvikanyarara, asi mune zvenhau kubvira nguva nenguva pane nerunyerekupe kuti zvichaitwa idzva, kufungisisa zvose zvakagadzirwa uye zviitiko aivapo nhasi.

mazita Yakafanira ...

Ndege "White Swan" - mukirasi chete yose Russian avhiyesheni, akawana zita rayo. Zvichida ichi imhaka yokuti ndege zvakadaro Russia hakusi zvokuti. Pamwe zviri exclusivity, asi mumwe nomumwe "White Swan" anewo zita wayo. Ndiwo mazita vezvikepe nomukurumbira (Tu-160 "Valery Chkalov") fairytale magamba (Tu-160 "Ilya Muromets"), kana anozivikanwa vagadziri navarume.

18

Sezvineiwo, motokari pamwe pamusoro-bhodhi "18" iri CB akanga nhamba mbiri. Kokutanga bhodhi kamuri akagamuchira wokutanga ndege womuenzaniso. Iye vakamhanyira 18 December 1981. Ndege wechipiri unganidzwa nokuda kunofambira mberi kuedza, uye hazvina kumutswa mudenga. Akatevera ndege (wechitatu) akavawo nendege muenzaniso.

The motokari yechipiri ine "18" nhamba onboard akauya mushure pakatanga Serial kugadzirwa. Iye akagamuchira zita rake "Andrei Tupolev." Maererano mugadziri (Kazan) kwapfuura akaronga kudzorerwa muna 2013.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti nguva iyo inokosha ndege, "White Swan", sezvo rainzi ipapo, Takauyira mari yakawanda, uye yakazokudziridzwa chete zvinodiwa Soviet Union, saka pfungwa seriality pano unogona kushandisa Stretch. Kuti Export muenzaniso uyu haisi yawapihwa.

Kana boka iri guru?

Asati achipfuura zvakananga kutiza unhu uye zvinogonekwa zvombo, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti, kusiyana nevamwe vasiri Serial yokutevedzera, pano zvakasiyana. Aifarira mubvunzo kuti vakawanda ndege, "White Swan" kuRussia, zvinogona kudzoswa kuti motokari vakatanga kuungana mumazuva Union uye vanogona yaunganidzwa nanhasi, kana paiva mubatanidzwa. Asi pamwe pokuwa Union kugadzirwa kukuru gungano uye akamira pano. Saka, zvakanga vakaunganidza anokwana 35 michina vaigona kunzwisiswa mumhepo pakati pavo - akarayira kuti zvikuru zvishoma. Asi maererano vamwe munhau, yokuRussia Defence Ushumiri anoronga kuwedzera "swans" zvikepe 50 dzakabatana. Pamwe ichi ndicho mazuvaano Michini, akwegura uyewo kukura mutsva.

Zvatakurukura mamiriro ezvinhu nhasi, tava kuenda nhoroondo yokusika, kugadzira zvombo uye mamwe mashoko, pasina iro uto ndege "White Swan" Aisagona kurarama, kana kunge zvakasiyana. Zvechokwadi, pakutanga basa chikuru Developers kupa hachisi Tupolev. Asi zvinhu zvokutanga pakutanga.

Nhoroondo "White Swan"

Pakati pezana 70-ies muna Union vaichengeta nezvaanogona simba kurwiswa yenyukireya, uye panguva imwecheteyo kubvisa backlog mukirasi nzira dzinokosha avhiyesheni. Kirasi ichi makore iwayo chete Ndege subsonic havagoni kuyambuka mupomerwi vaipomerwa vavengi. Naizvozvo, muna 1967 hurumende yeSoviet kusunungurwa chirevo pamusoro pakagadzwa "itsva, inokosha multi-rudzi ndege." Development chirongwa uye kuverenga Dry Myasishcheva Bureau. Tupolev panguva iyoyo aiva nedzimwe varayirwa, saka kuti ndege haina kuita. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti pakuva ndege yakasiyana zvachose, zvose Bureau vakabvumirana chimwe chinhu - zvose zvirongwa mawana shanduka kutsvaira bapiro.

New mazano ndege

Saka Sukhoi haukwezvi shanduro T-4, kare zvakasikwa navo, uye Myasischev kuenda rumwe nzira - the Bureau yakagadzirwa multimode bhomba chombo M-20. Unogonawo kuona kuti zvose shanduro vari aronga nemamwe okunatsiridza - antisubmarine ndege kana dzemakomo ushori ndege.

Tupolev kwakabatana muna 1969, mushure Air Force ari aongorora zvirongwa uye ibasa chairo nguva puranga. Cherechedza kuti Tupolev aiva paanopfuura vakwikwidzi - TR-144, pasi supersonic mutakurwi airliner. kukura kwayo akabvumira kugadzirisa inokosha zvinetso chi- uye supersonic kutiza. Unogonawo kutaura Tu-22M, iro drafting iro vaedzwa zvombo zvitsva gadziriro uye ngarava michina. Project akasunungura dzavo akanyanya kufanana nani Tu-144 uye kwete kudhonza mundege, "White Swan". Maitiro ake zvikuru akadzokorora zvechadenga 144 vakasuwa asi akanga dzimwe itsva kumedura kweShanduro Tu-22M.

The chisarudzo nyasha "White Swan"

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Air Force vakacherechedza yakanakisisa shanduro Sukhoi - the bhomba itsva T-4M, asi suhovtsy panguva iyoyo akatanga kukudziridza T-10 (nani sevatsigiri SS-27), uye yezwi inorema ndege kuti seranonoka kukura kwayo kuti isingazivikanwi nguva. Naizvozvo, mauto vakagamuchira "Solomonic mhinduro". Suhovtsy kuramba kushanda murwi, asi zvose zvinhu pamusoro T-4M wokushandura Tupolev, izvo unounza ndege kuti akatevedzana kugadzirwa.

Zvichida izvi zvaizova zvirongwa uye pamusoro, uye ndege itsva "White Swan" kwaizoratidzwa kunzi T-4M, asi Tupolev akasarudza zvakasiyana. Akabudisa mapepa uye vakasarudza kuramba kukura ndege itsva shanduka kutsvaira bapiro. Marongerwo wakaiswa-bapiro hachisisiri kumuka. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Air Force akaita ainzi zvinodiwa zvinokosha zviviri - transonic ndege yakaderera kukwira kana subsonic takawanda. Zvaiva pakupindura izvi dzinopesana ezvinhu uye ndege akazviratidza, izvo akazopiwa bumbiro remitemo zita Tu-160M. "M" muchirevo chechinyorwa chino yatoreva modernized shanduro kushandiswa michina mitsva uye zvinhu. Ipapo akatanga kukura itsva propulsion mugadziriro, chassis, injini nezvimwe zvinoriumba. Vose, ndege "White Swan" vakagamuchira zvinhu nemasangano kupfuura 500 muminda siyana.

"The Swan" uye nadzurudzo

Pasinei munhu asi zvakaoma njodzi Tu-160, kuwedzera nechigadziko womuenzaniso, vave yakatangawo zvakasiyana-siyana 4 160th zvakasiyana indices siyana uye akaronga kuti zvakasiyana zvinangwa, uyewo muenzaniso Tu-161, iro rine vakwanise fuselage nokuda kushandisa injini pamusoro emura rehydrogen.

Saka, dzakabudirira muenzaniso Tu-160PP - avionics ndege kuvhura. Kuwedzera hwenguva saizi marongerwo uye tsanangudzo anodiwa zvokushandisa, hapana kumwe chiito haana. Tu-160P asi zvitundumuseremusere aizokwanisa rinorema murwi. Model NC-74 (TU-160) vaizogamuchira yakakosha zvikuru simba propulsion hurongwa kuti vaizova kubatsirawo pamusoro siyana. Pakupedzisira, Tu-160K yakaramba chete papepa - chitundumuseremusere yakaoma chirongwa.

Flight Data uye nokukurumidza

How kunyora wongororo paIndaneti, ndiro simba, chinonetsa, yakanakisisa ndege "White Swan". Feature ndege Data :. mapapiro 35-55 M In ichi bapiro nharaunda anoramba kuchinja pa 232 sq. M Service siringi - 21 km (Enzanisa mufambi liner aigona kumuka 11.5).. Ya ndege kungava maawa anopfuura 15 pasina refueling muchitiza zviri 12 500 km. Combat nharaunda pamusoro 5,000? Km.

The ndege kushanda neboka vashandi of 4, uye vashandi vemo nhengo mukana kumira, utambanudzire makumbo avo. Kunopindirana kureba 50 m, nekukwirira - 13 mungarava chiduku kicheni uye imba yokugezera. Motor 4 vari akamanikidzwa kuti fuselage, vachipiwa kurutivi rumwe norumwe, anokwanisa kuva vaise kusvika 18000 kgf afterburner muoti anokwanisa nepavaigona 25000.

Yandakapiwa BBC basa vaungane imwe ndege inokwanisa supersonic kukwira nepavaigona (sezvo vakadaro Union asati akakwanisa nepavaigona kunze chete TU-144) - supersonic airliner, kumhanya ari ndege, "White Swan" kwenguva refu vave makakatanwa. Zvisinei cruising havukavu iri 920 km / h, uye anosvika ari panogumira 2300 km / awa. Speed kuwedzera 4000 m / miniti. Kuti ubvise muchina waida bhendi kureba zvinenge 800 m, anogona pachigaro boka kureba dzinenge 2 km.

nezvombo

Zvazvinosarira kutsanangura imwe zvakadzama kuti nguva dzose kutaurwa kana kutaura motokari muchiuto, inova "White Swan". Ndege, izvo zvinoda kuwana zvombo pamusoro ndima muvengi - saka unogona kutaura pamusoro bhomba. Asi pano Ndiyo "Swan" hazvirevi kuonekwa pamusoro ndima muvengi.

Somunhu inokosha bhomba Tu-160 vaivawo nomukana kushandisa rwendo zvombo. Use anogona kuva 2 mhando. Izvi X-55SM akashandisa varove huru kuva runoenzanirana Coordonatele (chipfuro Coordonatele mapinda ndangariro kutigumbura chombo pamberi kuenda ndege). Anotiza, unogona kushandisa kusvika zvombo 12. Kana X-15C akagadzirirwa kukunda zvinangwa kuva pedyo - mungarava anogona kutora 24 zvombo kwakadai.

Zvinofadza kuti mushure ndiwedzere Missiles akava chikuru - kushandisa mabhomba launchers vangafanira kupfura. Mabhomba anogona kushandisa wengarava zvimbambaira, enyukireya kana sumbu mabhomba. Humwe mazuvaano kuti huripo michina kubvumira kushandisa X-101 X-555 - the Newest chombo, rakagadzirirwa kwakawedzera siyana uye kuvavarira kuparadza kusvika zvose makirasi, pasinei nokuti vari pano kana zvomumvura.

mhedziso

Maererano nevaongorori vakawanda, ndege "White Swan" kakawanda mberi kwayo chikuru vorongerwa, US B-1 uye Chirungu murwi Dutu. Flight siyana Tu-160M (upgraded) 4 nguva yakakwirira Brit nhamba mabhomba zvakare kakawanda kwirirei. Kunyatsoshanda injini nani kupfuura Chirungu shanduro. ndege nokukurumidza kupfuura American 1.5 nguva siyana uye kurwisana nharaunda pamusoro 1.5. Traction Motors anenge 2 nguva kusimba. Kana zvichienzaniswa kune B-2 (ndiwedzere B-1), hunhu ayo kupetura, pose pazvinokwanisika, kuti Tu-160 zvaizova zvakanakisisa chero parameter.