Zita chairo? Zvinonakidza!

Ko zita chairo? Sei rakasiyana nemamwe mazita? Kuti tipindure mubvunzo uyu, tinofanira svetuka kupinda munhoroondo mutauro.

Pfungwa yokuti "zita" mumutauro wokuRussia rinoratidza kuti chikamu rwokutaura, rinoshandiswa zita munhu kana chinhu. Zvakafanira kuti kuratidza chinhu, Fani kana munhu ari akatevedzana zvakafanana. Kazhinji, mumutauro wedu kuti kushandisa kwakajairika kana substantivized emazita. zita kwakakodzera uye zvakajairika zita kungaratidzwa nemashoko, vari anotaurwa kubva kune dzimwe kutaura. Somuenzaniso, mune mashoko "kuchimbuzi" ndiro shoko rokutanga ane chipauro, uye "enda yokugezera" iri design - substantivized pazita.

Pazita - ndicho chikamu kutaura (kunoshamisa, nokuzvidzora), chinangwa chiri chinhu zita, munhu chinhu. Izvi chiratidzo notional MUNOGONA zvipenyu kana zvinhu zvisina upenyu. Noun kunogonawo kuva dzavo kana rakajairika. Table, munda, bhokisi, mhou, mumvuri - emazita zvakafanana emazita. Basil, Moscow, P. - emazita kureva pachake zita. In pakudzidza unyanzvi bazi sayenzi, akadana onomastics.

Zvakakodzera emazita - muchikwata kwazvo yakakura.

Idzi dzinosanganisira:

• Mazita vanhu (Irina, Nikolay Petrovich Lvov, Marivanna (kwezuva nezuva.), P.).
• Mazita vamwari (Zeus, anonzi Quetzalcoatl).
• Nicknames mhuka (Beetle, Muska).
• mazita Geographical (Vladivostok, Red Sea, Antarctica).
• Titles mabhuku, nziyo, mabasa ounyanzvi, etc. ( "Hot Snow", "Anna Karenina", "Mona Lisa", "Swan kuvimbika").

Information Kazhinji anoguma pamusoro kupatsanura ichi, icho zvinoberekwa vadzidzi pfungwa "zita chairo" pamusoro. Hwakadzika kudzidza kunoita kuti Makakamura muchikwata ichi mu:

• Personal mazita - avo vari kupiwa murume aberekwa (Lydia, Peter).
• Patronymic (patronymic) (V., S.).
• Names mhuri kana dzedzinza (zvinosanganisira mazita).
• Cryptonyms. Vamwe vanhu vakaita kuti kuvanza zita chairo, uye munhu kunoshevedza vamwe (kunyengedza midzimu yakaipa). Izvi zvichaita cryptonym.
• Anthroponomy kana mazita okuremekedza mabhuku mabasa.
• Eponyms. Ndiye muchikwata ichi muchashandisa zita chairo, itungamirirwe nenzvimbo chinokosha pashure gamba chaiye kana ngano huMwari. Somuenzaniso, Atene, Byzantine Thebes etc.

zita zvakakodzera, kureva zita (nenzvimbo), inowanzonzi kunzi kunzvimbo-zita, uye sayenzi iyo inodzidza emazita yakadaro - nzvimbo mazita.

Place-mazita kunogonawo kukamurwa muzvikamu. Zvakafanira kuti zvimwe yokunyatsodzidza navo.

Pakati nzvimbo mazita akasiyanisa:

• Settlement mazita kana mazita nzvimbo. Uye mazita mumaguta raireva astionimam nemisha, misha uye idzodzo duku - kuti komonimam. Shumba, Bataisk, Sinegorye - astionimy. Kryachko (musha), Red (purazi), Merry (musha) - komonimy.
• Kubatanidza mazita hydronyms madziva Volga, Gungwa Dema, rukova, etc. nenyunje.
• Names makomo ndezvaJehovha oronyms: Ural Mountains, Mount Everest, ivo Carpathians.
• Urbanoidy (zita reguta zvinosanganisira): nePentagon (akakurumbira zita Shopping Centre iri Rostov kwakakonzerwa mapurani zvakafanana pamwe eponymous sangano.).
• Agoronimy (zita nzvimbo): Red, Theater, uye godonimy (mazita mugwagwa): Dzhafarova Communist.
• Mazita Railway akataura dromonimam: North Caucasus Railway, ari Bam, ari Silk Road.
• Mazita makuru pasingagarwi dzezvimwe akadana horonimami uye diki - microtoponyms.

Pane zvakawanda kupatsanura, uye mamwe mashoko kuti tinoti "zita yakafanira". Somuenzaniso, mazita ndege ( "Ruslan" "Antey", "Black Shark") varehwa rokuti "aeronautonimy".

Detailed kupatsanura pakati emazita kudzidza philological mano.