Muscovy: kutanga tsika dzazvino

Muscovy kana Moscovia - zita Russian nokuti nguva kubvira pakutanga ushe Ivan III (1478) kusvikira kuchinjwa renyika muSt Petersburg (1712). Dzimwe nguva iyi muganhu muna 1547 gore.

Tradition rinonzi Russia pamberi Peter Mukuru Moscow umambo vava uye akatsigira dzakaitika remakore rechi19, dzakanga yakavakirwa kuti misoro inochinja. Masayendisiti ari Soviet nguva vava zita iri.

Paitonga Ivan vanotyisa, pfungwa "Muscovy" vanotaurwa mukati zvinoreva kuMoscow weutungamiriri sezvo chikamu Russian Empire.

Pfungwa paumbwe Russian wehurumende, izvo, kuwedzera hugota of Moscow, raisanganisira Republic of Novgorod, uye Yaroslavl, Tver, Rostov, pamwe kubva Ryazan hugota uye guta chernihiv, Bryansk, Novgorod-Seversky, kukanganiswa kukura tsika zvatariswa uye paumbwe rinokosha "Sub-tsika '.

Ranyura, asi Kievan Rus tsika pakati Muscovy akatanga kuva pane chinokosha chaizvo nzira. It haana kugamuchirwa nenzira dzidziso kune muKristu wokumavirira nyika. Paumbwe nemagariro zvatariswa kwakakonzerwa zvikurukuru nenzvimbo uye enyika zvinhu. Russian State haana kubatana kana kumavirira kana kumabvazuva mirayiridzo chenhau kukura. Asi zvisinei, zvakawanda, zvakawanda zviri zvetsika. Uyezve, kukura nyika akafurira yeOrthodox Church uye tsika dzechihedheni.

Muscovy kwakakonzerwa zvakasimba nokuda Golden Horde. Kudivi rimwe, kuti wechiTatar-Mongol joko yekudyidzana kufambira nemagariro kukura Russian nyika, sezvo guta rakanga raparadzwa, akarasikirwa rwokugadzira zhinji uye tsika kurima. The nyika akakandwa shure munguva. Ukuwo, dzinopesana ukama Horde akatuma mamiriro pakukura rose nzira itsva.

Saka socio-zvematongerwe enyika muna Muscovy rechi15 akatakura rupawo ane simba yokuMabvazuva simba. Izvi wakaratidzwa despotic kuzvidzora maitiro uye mararamiro zvavo.

Vazhinji zviri munyika, tsika Ages Russia, yakaumbwa pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu East. Uyezve, pamwe kuwa Constantinople, Russia anova kuziva roga bedzi mudziviriri Orthodoxy uye kunyange mberi kubva kumadokero kunyika iri tsika mupfungwa.

Somugumisiro matambudziko ose aya zvikonzero Muscovite mamiriro muzana remakore rechi16, dzinoratidzwa zvinotevera zviri tsika uye zvitupa.

Cho hwomudzimu East pamwe nechido rusununguko kuri muna vanhu West.

Panyaya iyi, pachake kuziva yakanga zvishoma raidudzwa collectivism okunda. Orthodoxy kwaiva kutituma kuti paumbwe mafungiro. Saka, chikuru kukosha vawana unhu hwakadai kuzvipira, kurasira, kubvuma wematambudziko ake.

In kukosha mamiriro munhu iyoyo mumwe nechepakati nzvimbo inogarwa neHurumende uye zvinofarirwa rwacho. Pfungwa yokumusha kwagara chinokosha kwazvo vanhu Russian.

Kubva pfungwa nemaonero kukura tsika rechi17 ndiyo yakachinja. Changing negadziriro tsika uye maonero. Panzvimbo cyclical maonero nguva yasvika pfungwa dzakadai kare, chipo uye ramangwana.

Moscow State muna 16-17 emakore vakaenda nenzira paumbwe National hunhu sezvo mudanga mubatanidzwa zvinhu zvaizobatsira rudzi. Maiva muzana remakore rechi17, mubatanidzwa uyu zvinova kuoneka, uye vanotanga kutsanangura dzimwe tsika.

Uyewo, panguva Moscow umambo ndicho chirongwa caffeine ounyanzvi pasimba chechi canons. Muzana remakore rechi16 akasika guru Chronicle mabasa uye ngano epics kuuya kutsiva nhoroondo yokufungidzira.

Muzana remakore rechi17 zviratidzo vakatanga kubuda hutsva tsika nguva.

Tinogona kutaura kuti kubvira wa14 kusvika muzana remakore rechi17 zviri Muscovy chakaitika paumbwe Great ethnos Russian wayo chikuru zvinhu. Iyi yakanga vaine yokuzvitonga neChechi yeOrthodox yokuRussia. Kuchinja uku kwakabatsira pamusoro pakuzadzisa Russia.