Ivan anotyisa. Ucheche uye kuyaruka kwomutongi weRussia yose

Ivan anotyisa, kune rumwe rutivi, mutungamiriri akachenjera, mutungamiri akakurumbira uye ane tarenda wehurumende yeMoscow, pane imwe - mutongi anouraya, muurayi chaiye uyo akaisa pasi pevanhu vake kuzvidzora kunoshamisa. Kuumbwa kwounhu hweumwe wevatongi vaishamisa, iyo yakave nechinje chakakosha pamusoro penhoroondo yeRussia, yakaitika? Zvichida, zvikonzero zvekukanganisika, kuzvida, kuzviratidza uye utsinye husina kukodzera hwaIvan IV huri mumamiriro ezvinhu akaitika kwaari achiri muduku uye achiri kuyaruka. Chii chaiva huduku hwomutongi?

Maererano neshoko, musi waAugust 25, 1530, panguva chaiyo Ivan the Terrible - dangwe raDkuru Duku Vasily III nemudzimai wake wechipiri Elena Glinskaya - akaonekwa muumambo hwose, dutu rinotyisa rakabuda mukati umo vanhu vemazuva ano vakaona zvakaipa. Mwana wacho akatumidzwa zita rokuti Ivan mukuremekedzwa kwaakatungamirirwa naJesu Kristu -Johani mubhabhatidzi. Ivan aipfekawo sekuru wemukuru wechidiki. Baba vake, Muchinda Vasily, vakararama kwemakore matatu chete mushure mekuberekwa kwekugara nhaka.

Dare rinonyora nyaya yekuti Vasily III, akaropafadzwa nerufu, akaropafadza vana vekutonga kwehurumende, uye mudzimai wake, waaifunga kuti akashinga uye akachenjera, akaranga Ivan kusvikira ave munhu mukuru, kuchengetedza nyika "pasi pomwanakomana wake." Pane imwezve imwe nzvimbo, zvichiratidza kuti Muchinda Vasily haana kutumira simba kumambokadzi, asi kumashure. Iyi shanduro inoita seyakanyanya kufungidzirwa, nokuti akanga asina kodzero yekuputsa tsika dzekare uye tsika dzekare-kare dzisina kubvumira vakadzi kuti vabatane mune zvehupfumi. Pamubhedha wemubhedha wemurwere, bhodhi rakapihwa kumashure - iyo "yechinomwe" tutelary council, iyo yakatungamirirwa nemukuru wechipiri Andrey Staritsky. Nguva pfupi mushure mezuva iro Guru Guru akasiya hupenyu hwake, kuedza kwevakomana vacho, Ivan ane makore matatu akashongedzwa korona. Mutemo wezita raIvan wekutyisa wakatanga.

Dzokorora muchidimbu makore gumi namatatu akapfuura pakati pekugadziriswa uye muchato hweumambo, zvakaoma zvikuru. Ivan aiva mukomana ane makore 8 apo amai vake Elena Glinskaya vakafa. Manzwiro enherera uye kusurukirwa akawedzera mukati maro tsika yekugara achitarisa uye achiterera.

Ivan anotyisa, akapoteredzwa panguva yemhemberero nehurumende yepamusoro yehupfumi uye hunyoro, muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva hunoona zvakakwana kunyadziswa mune zvose, kusava nehanya uye kusaremekedza kubva kumadiki nemachinda. Matambudziko evana aive akawedzerwa nekurwa kwechisimba kwechikwata chemapoka e boyar, pamwe chete nemhondi, nharo uye chisimba.

Uhu hwaIvan the Terrible hwakavepo panguva iyo, apo kusakanganiswa kweunhu hwake kwakagadzirwa: kuvanza, kusafungira, kunyengedza, kudzvinyirira uye utsinye. Pazera remakore gumi nemaviri, mwana wechidiki akatambudzika akatambudza uye akaremara mhuka, achidzikandira kubva kune vanhu vatatu, pa13 akaraira kuuraya rimwe remakore. Maererano nehupenyu hwemazuva ano, kubva pazera remakore gumi nemashanu, mambo weramangwana aive nekutsvaga mutsva - kusangana nevarume vechidiki vari kutasva mabhiza mumigwagwa nemisika, kurova nekubira vanhuwo zvavo.

Tsar yeRussia yose, Ivan the Terrible yakave munaJanuary 1547, apo Assumption Cathedral yakabata muchato weumambo - mutambo wakakomba, wakakwereta kubva kuByzantium. Mutongi weramangwana pamuchato akapfeka nguo dzoumambo uye akaisa pamusoro pake korona. Nokudaro akagumisa ubwana nekuyaruka kwekutanga wekar yemambo weRussia .