The tsika dzazvino: chinetso periodization, maitiro, nevamwe zvinhu

tsika Human akafanana, zvichida, pamwechete dzakadururwa pfumbu munyanza. In ayo pakadzika vari yakavanda zvisingaverengeki fuma pfungwa, nemamwe ounyanzvi mumhanzi uye kupenda, mapurani uye mabhaisikopo, zvesainzi, mukuru nenzvimbo matongo , uye zvikuru saka zvakawanda kuti ave rinotsanangurwa yedu yomudzimu chitarisiko nhasi. Vanhu hwake akaziva pundutso dzakawanda zvakasiya chinokosha zvakakanganwika njodzi vana, kana akanyura mugomba yokukanganwa pasina zvikasawanirwa. Pose sarudza magamba avo, vatungamiriri vavo mune zvokunamata, uye ane pachake nemamwe maitiro ayo.

Panzvimbo Dark Ages kunouya inofadza munguva, unonzi New nguva. Tsika dzazvino rava pakutsanangura nguva munhoroondo wamadzibaba edu uye munzira dzakawanda ndakatsunga magetsi nokuputsika zviitiko.

nezvinetso periodization

Pfungwa yokuti "zera itsva" iri nani rechibvokopfopko uye kujeka. Nokuti harisi chete chaiyo-puranga, asiwo kuvandudza mafungiro, itsva maonero enyika, kuwedzera tsika uye pfungwa nzvimbo. tsika itsva nguva anobva nevatambi kubva Renaissance kwevanhu. Pavanondirwisa akatanga pfungwa kugovera munhoroondo yevanhu munzvimbo yekare, pakati uye zvitsva nguva. Sezvo pfungwa nezve sezvikonzero nokuda periodization wavo vakasimudza nheyo utsanzi iri tsika bhora, uye kwete socio-zvoupfumi. I kutsanangura nzira iri nyore: pashure kushapira Raibvunzurudza, kutambudzwa nesayenzi, mashoko kutonga weChechi yose mabhora ose paruzhinji uye pasiri upenyu Revival mberi maonero ake uye vakaparadza nhungirwa hweruzhinji rokutanga, yakanaka yevanhu sefungu pfungwa yesayenzi zvinopindirana, kuwanika uye kukura munyika itsva vachinzwisisa vakadzidza vanhu somunhu kufema mhepo yakachena upenyu. Uye tsika dzazvino kutevedzera zvizere dzidziso iyi. Asi kwete nyika zvose zvaiitika panguva iyoyo, vaiva chete pamwero yetsika uye zvoupfumi, kwete vanhu vose vakanga zvakaenzana yakabudirira. Uye zvikuru Western Europe, pamwe akataurwa Humanism uye Kujekerwa, the Reformation, dzimwe nguva vachadzingwa Mumakore gumi adarika mune moto Raibvunzurudza, uroyi ratidza nemiedzo, etc. In Russia rikabudirira serfdom. Notre Dame de Paris kuFrance, uyewo usingafi Roman Gyugo, razova mumwe kutaurwa kwazvo zvinokosha, nguva ino yokufungisisa, kune rumwe rutivi, mukuru kubudirira, kutiza rokusika pfungwa uye mweya, uye pane dzimwe - kutya zvisingazivikanwi, zvisingazivikanwi uye pavaishanda basa maitiro mweya. Kunyange zvakadaro, mumwe mutsva nguva nguva vaudzewo kuti zviri veMubatanidzwa Europe hazvisi chete rezvematongerwo enyika, asi muzinda zvomudzimu zvenyika uye anoparadzira zvayo nevakangwara, enyika uye hwokugadzira kukanganisa dzimwe nyika uye vanhu. European budiriro kwazova zvemberi uye simba panguva.

In zvedzidzo yeChina, hapana nekubvirana pasi mubvunzo periodization.

• Vamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika vanoti kuti mavambo enguva kutora mashoko Chirungu Revolution ra1640 gore, apo vanhu uye bourgeoisie achitungamirirwa Cromwell kuvhiringidzwa kwete chete simba asiwo upenyu pamambo, mambo kuuraya Karla Styuarta.
• Nokuti vamwe, yaitonga uye tsika ano kupfuura kusangana pfungwa zvakadai reference, sezvo Reformation muna 1517, gore uye basa Luther.
• The boka remasayendisiti sezvo predominating wechitatu rinonzi musi kuwanikwa America, hweOttoman kubatwa ari Byzantine guru weConstantinople, yeFrench Revolution muna 1789, gore.
• The kuguma enguva itsva uye veMubatanidzwa nhoroondo akararama Western historiography anonzi okuguma World War Chokutanga, uye musayenzi Soviet kwainzi nemanomwe gore, uye yemuna pakati Bolsheviks.

New Era - tsika itsva

Ukuru Nguva New Age zvinoratidzwa zvakazara zvayo zvinoyevedza mutsika. Kuwedzera kune enyika weboka kwenyika, hondo uye nokumukirana, unyanzvi tsika dzazvino rwakaripoteredza zviitiko matsva kuti ndikapinda European kuziva ane pedyo aiziva upenyu kondinendi African uye India, dzayo uzivi yepakutanga, kuwanikwa America uye upenyu, tsika, mungano, zvizvarwa unyanzvi kwayo vanhu, pedyo nevanhu East uye chitendero vaMuslim.

Arts muna New Era haasi kunzwisisa somunhu kunonakidza pazororo pamabasa (mupfungwa uye mumuviri) uyewo kukosha chimiro hwokusika basa. Zvikuru kutsvaka munzvimbo iyi zvakakonzera pakusikwa kwenyika unyanzvi zvitaera zvakadai kwazvo Baroque yayo zvokunze nemigumisiro, uye stylized kare, yakaoma classicism yake kwakajaira mbiri chikonzero uye pfungwa, tsitsi, kupemberera mwoyo kukwirira kunzwa rationalism, realism uye kuvhara nzeve mweya womunhu, uye ayo kutsvaka methane nemateru nezvisingafadzi, uye pakupedzisira, netsika dzakaora kubuda anonzi.

The chaizvo hunhu ichikosha, simba uye zvinoshamisa, yava nokuda kwounyanzvi akasiyana-siyana zviri mufashoni kuti hadzisi atsiva mumwe, asi hwakagara uye kunyange akarwa sezvo mukati basa rimwe tenzi, uye mukati sezvinobvumirwa unyanzvi zvikoro. The chikuru ndechokuti pakati payo zvose waiva murume, munhu. Kubudikidza naye kubudikidza prism, vakapfuudzira nguva yokudzidza uye anoratidza nayo mavakirwo, chivezwa, kupenda, etc. Uye zvose tsika uye unyanzvi dzinoitwa yaitonga kwakaratidza kutamburira vanhu kuti gutsaruzhinji uye kunamata chakafanira kuvapo kwavo nenzanga yakasununguka.