Zvatoitika rechiito iri Russian uye Chirungu mitauro

How kuona kufamba nguva rechiito? Mhinduro kumubvunzo iwe kubva munyaya kuzviisa pasi. Uyezve, isu achakuudzai nezvekuti nezvimiro zvatoitika rechiito mumutauro Chirungu.

General ruzivo pamusoro verbs

Tisati nezvazvo zvatoitika rechiito chii, unofanira kuziva kuti chii zvose pamusoro.

Rechiito ndiro chikamu rwokutaura, zvichiratidza mamiriro chinhu kana chiito, uyewo kupindura mubvunzo "zvokuita?" Kana "Ndinofanira kuitei?". Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti dzinosiyana kwemanzwiro, pane transitive uye intransitive, unogona kunzwisisa kwakakwana kana kukwana pfungwa.

Ezvirevanguva muna Russian

Chikamu ichi kutaura kunogona kuiswa zvinotevera nguva:

• ikozvino;
• ramangwana;
• yakapfuura.

Zvatoitika rechiito

Part Kutaura amire zvatoitika, zvinoratidza kuti chiito yakaitika saka kure. Zvisinei, munguva tsananguro kare mamiriro ezvinhu kana zviitiko muupenyu hwako, pane zvatoitika rinowanzoshandiswa ikozvino.

How chokuumba rechiito iri zvatoitika? Tinoona pamwe

Zvatoitika rechiito mumutauro Russian achiumbwa kubva pakutanga chimiro (i.e., kuitika chokuti) kuburikidza suffixing -l- (wakamhanya, kufanana kutaura, ndakabatsira uye zvichingodaro.). Zvisinei, mutemo uyu ane anosiyiwa. Somuenzaniso, verbs, vamire kuitika chokuti, kukwana chitarisiko uye anopera -nit ti kana -ch, mudzoke kunyika zvatoitika (kuchisazitasingwi rume) pasina kushandisa yekunwa suffixes (chekawo -. Dzakadimburirwa uye zvichingodaro).

Change kana verbs ari zvatoitika anomira?

Zvatoitika rechiito anobvumira ichi chikamu kutaura zvinosiyana pauwandu. Uyewo, imwe nhamba anogona kuvimba pazororo nyore. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti verbs iri zvatoitika kumira muzvizhinji handishanduki zviso.

Verbs munguva zvatoitika kubudikidza ukoshi

Verbs vari kusangana mu zvatoitika, ave wakakwana uye aoristicheskoe ukoshi (chete chimiro chakakwana). Ngationgororei navo zvakadzama:

• Perfectivity anoratidza chimwe chinhu chaicho, iro rave munguva yakapfuura, asi mugumisiro rachengetedzwa aripo. Heuno muenzaniso: Andrew, iwe kwaitonhora, uri mumugwagwa wakanga?
• Aoristicheskoe ukoshi rinoratidza chiito kuti chakaitwa kare, asi izvozvo hazvina chokuita neizvi. Heuno muenzaniso: I akasimuka akaenda kuna amai vake. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti ukoshi iyi yemanyorero chinozoiswa akapfeka yunifomu okuti. Somuenzaniso: Mukomana vakanyemwerera, vakambundira chitoyi uye adzikama.

Verbs vari kusangana mu zvatoitika, vanogona zvinotevera zvirevo zvivakamutauro (chete imperfective):

• Unsaturated kuroorwa kongiri chiito kuti anenge vakumikidzwa nguva yokutaura. Somuenzaniso: Sezvo New Year musikana akashamisika.
• The chiito inodzokororwa dzose nguva kusvikira nguva yokutaura. Somuenzaniso: nguva dzose Anna anovhundutsa kumusoro Pazvibato, uye maziso ake dzakavhenekera nomufaro.
• The chiito kuti inongogara kuitika. Somuenzaniso: kwegore risingapindiki sango akatambanudza zvinenge kusvikira kurwizi.
• Generalized chokwadi. Somuenzaniso: You kubvunza mumwe munhu.

Kufamba kwenguva: Chirungu verbs

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, zvatoitika rechiito anonzi, achinongedza basa kare nokusingaperi vakakwana. In Chirungu, kushanduka uku mashoko anotaurwa so «Past ezvirevanguva». Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti nguva iyi yakasiyana mune nguva uye unhu. Nemamwe mashoko, muna Chirungu, pane nyore zvatoitika, unonzi «Kare Simple», refu yapfuura nguva, anotaurwa so «Kare runoramba», uye kare vakakwana - «Past Perfect». Funga nomumwe siyana zvizere.

Past Simple

Izvi zvinoratidza zvachose chero chinhu kwakaitika kare. Past Simple siyana zviri nyore: Kana shoko rinoreva kwemashifiti verbs, ipapo tinofanira kutora rudzi tafura wechipiri. Pakadaro, kana rechiito wakarurama, ipapo kupedza -ed iri pazviri. Kana uchida kumutsa mubvunzo, zvakakodzera kushandisa webetsero shoko akaita.

Nenzira, zvatoitika rechiito kuti ane 2 zvokusarudza conjugation, kureva vaiva uye aiva. Kazhinji, yaishandiswa pamwe emazita chete muzvizhinji, uye akanga - risiri. Panyaya iyi, pamwe chisazita iwe (rakashandurwa semi kana iwe) anofanira kutevedzerwa chete vaiva.

Past chichingoitwa

chimiro ichi zvakasiyana yapfuura mumwe kuti ichi kana chiito kare unoratidzwa kwacho. Sezvo varumbidzwa cribs rangarira kuti yaimiririra rechiito achava asina kukwana chitarisiko. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti paumbwe Vekare runoramba chete kunodiwa zivo zvinotevera siyana rechiito kuti: aiva uye aiva.

Past Perfect kana refu yakapfuura nguva yakakwana

Nokuti paumbwe nguva zvaizotora ruzivo marudzi ose akakwana verbs (kwemashifiti uye dzose). Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Past Perfect hazvo vanofanira kutsigira shoko vane. Nenzira, zvatoitika rechiito vane ane zvinotevera fomu: anazvo.

Hazvibviri kuona chokwadi chokuti Kare Perfect zvinosanganisira nguva yakadaro sezvo runoramba Kare Akakwana, iro rine zvinotevera Russian zvaanoreva: akakwana kwenguva refu zvekare. Nokuti kwayo inotungamirwa zvakafanira kushandisa hwebetsero rechiito kuti, izvo zvinofanira kuiswa muchimiro nguva, Vekare Akakwana, kureva, akanga.

To muchidimbu

Kuziva zvinokosha dzidzo rechiito zvatoitika muchiRussia uye Chirungu, haukwanisi chete akaiisa panguva kubatana vatorwa kana dzavo vomunyika zvakanaka, asi kunyora tsamba kwavari gona.