Irena Sendler (Krzyzanowska): Biography. Heroes antifascist nemishonga kuPoland

In Mumatsutso 2008, firimu "Shinga Mwoyo Irena Sendler" yakaratidzwa muUnited States. Akaudza mukadzi chinyararire zvapfuura muna May wegore iroro muna Warsaw musi 99 fung gore upenyu. vanoiona Most pandaiona mifananidzo kugona kurega misodzi yake, saka anobaya uye inosuruvarisa Irena Sendler aiva.

udiki

Irena Kshizhanovskaya akaberekwa chiremba mhuri, yakaitirwa fakaroti riri mutariri muchipatara uye kazhinji akapa zvokurapa rubatsiro vaJudha murombo vakanga vasingakwanisi kubhadhara kurapwa. Kunyange asati aberekwa mwanasikana wake akanga achishingaira ubatanidzwe zviito Anti-hurumende. Apo Irene akanga 7 nemakore, baba vake vakafa fivha, utachiona varwere. The Jewish munzanga, zvikuru tsenivshaya munorumbidzirweiko Dr. Krzyzanowska, akasarudza kubatsira mhuri yake nokupa kubhadhara Irene kudzidziswa kuti zera kwayo - makore 18. Amai vomusikana akaramba nokuti ndaiziva zvakaoma sei kumusha vakawanda vaimbova varwere wake, asi akaudza mwanasikana uyu. Saka, muna Mwoyo Irena nokusingaperi akagadzirisa kuonga uye rudo pashure akabereka zviuru nevana.

At yunivhesiti iye akabatana Polish Socialist Party, sezvo aida kuramba basa nababa vake.

Muna 1932, Irene akaroora Mechislava Sendlera, asi muchato haana kugara kwenguva refu, kunyange yepamutemo kurambana, havana rakapa.

chinetso

Kana vakaita Holocaust wokuPoland, Irena Sendler aiva mushandi Warsaw Department of Health. Uyezve, aiva nhengo Polish pevhu sangano "Zegota", iri kuita kubatsira vaJudha.

Pamusaka nyanzvi basa wechiduku mukadzi aigara akashanyira Warsaw cram uye akabatsira vana vanorwara. Tichishandisa pabutiro ichi, Irena Sendler uye dzimwe nhengo "Zegota" Akaponesa vana 2500 vechiJudha, avo vakanga zvaitambidzwa dzemamongi, private uye mhuri matumba.

Maererano netsamba kuti vechikamu zviitiko, uye vana vakaiswa mabhokisi mumakomba, pre-akadiridza kurara mapiritsi, uye ipapo rabviswa cram kuti michina kuti vakaponeswa mishonga yokuuraya utachiona. Kana vakuru vana, vakanga vakatakura muhomwe uye matengu, vakatorwa kuburikidza sewers, mudzimba dzimba uye dzimba yakabatana nzvimbo akachengeterwa dzokugara vaJudha.

kusunga

Irena Sendler Vaitarisira kuti pashure yehondo akanunura vana vakakwanisa kuwana vabereki vavo. Akanyora mazita avo ruchitedzemuka pabepa mheto vapinde girazi chirongo, iyo akavigwa mumunda shamwari.

Muna 1943 Irena Sendler akasungwa, chikonzero aiva kusazivikanwa paanotsamwa. Musikana akatambudzwa, vachiedza kuwana ndiani kwake boka racho akananga ari kurwisa sangano, kana chete chikamu pachivande sangano rake. Panguva iyoyowo Irene akaratidza gobvu forodha pamwe okushora uye mishumo mabasa ayo, yakasainwa naye nomuzikamwi vanhu. Chinangwa vaNazi kwaiva kuziva mazita dzimwe nhengo Save the Children akavhiyiwa uye nzvimbo apo vana vakanga vakavanda. Pasinei kurohwa, kusimba Irena haana rakapa neshamwari dzake uye akaudza Gestapo, apo mazita mazita vaJudha vaduku, nekuti kuti nyaya vaizopiwa kutarisirwa kutumira vari Treblinka rufu kwomusasa uye rufu.

"Kuurayiwa" uye vakapukunyuka

Kutadza kuwana mugumisiro, vaNazi vakatongerwa rufu, Irena. Sezvineiwo, Sendler achiri mupenyu - vatori Anti-yechiFascist nemishonga muPoland akaponesa naye kuburikidza Bribing nevarindi. Avo, uyewo, rakashuma kuti murayiro kuti kuuraya kwakaitika, saka Irene haana kutsvaka.

Maererano netsamba mukadzi asati kupfura wake akashevedza rekupedzisira kubvunzurudzwa. Kuperekedza musoja wake vakauya Irene kuti pakuvaka Gestapo, uye kusingachakosheswi mukoto uye akarayira kuti vatize. Paiva Polish pasi pevhu uyo akamutora kunzvimbo yakachengeteka. "In ndangariro" pamusoro kugara weNazi kurwadziswa makamuri pana Irene akaramba utano murombo, uye mugumo upenyu hwake iye akapedza muwiricheya.

basa Chirongwa

Irene Sendler akavanda kusvikira pakuguma hondo. Pashure kusunungurwa kwePoland, akakwanisa kubudisa mashoko pamusoro akanunura vana kuna Adolf Berman, uyo kubva muna 1947 kusvika 1949 aiva sachigaro Central Committee vaJudha muPoland. Nemhaka refu kutsvaka, akakwanisa yokubatanidza mhuri vave vakaurayiwa nevaNazi. Kana nherera navana, pashure refu dzavo mutsekwende pakupedzisira yakadzikiswa kuna Israeri.

Upenyu pashure pehondo

Zvaizoratidza sokuti pamwe veMubatanidzwa norugare Europe Akashinga Mwoyo Irena Sendler anogona adzikame, uye iye pakupedzisira vakaporeswa wakagadzikana upenyu hwemhuri. Zvisinei, mugumo akasarudza akariisa mumwe akarova: eHurumende nhengo Poland akaziva pamusoro noukama ayo pamwe Regional Army uye akatanga kwayo kutsvaka. Muna 1949, panguva noutsinye kubvunzurudzwa pamuviri Irena akashaya akabereka mwana akafa mazuva mashomanana gare gare.

belated pamutemo

Kunyange zvazvo pamusoro nguva Irena Sendler, zviremera Polish ndoga, ainzwa mafungiro ukasha zviremera kune munhu kusvikira kuwa yeutongi hwechiKomonisiti. Saka, kana muna 1965 Museum of Holocaust waIsraeri "paruoko Vashem" asarudza mubayiro wacho Irena Sendler honorary zita Vakarurama Pakati Nations, hazvina kubvumirwa kushanyira nyika yavakararama anunura naye kamwe vakomana nevasikana vakanga vatova vanhu vakuru uye inokurukura nayo mai vake kechipiri.

Chete muna 1983 zviremera Polish rakabvisa paari kufamba kunze, uye Irena Sendler akakwanisa kushanyira Israeri, uko akadyara muti wake Memory mukoto.

Kunyange ipapo, munyika, vanhu vashoma vaiziva kuti mune mwero mufurati Warsaw anogara akare mudzimai, kwapera imwe Feat kuti anokodzerwa zvose soro mibayiro uye kumuremekedza. Asi mugumo aizofanira nayo, kuti Irena Sendler akararama kuona zuva kana kudzidza pamusoro nhoroondo dzaro dzakasiyana dzepasi.

Uye zvose zvakaitika netsaona muna 1999, uye akatanga zvakare kuve vana - schoolgirls ina kubva Uniontown American muguta. Vakanga vachigadzirira mushumo chirongwa "Day History" uye mudzidzisi akavaratidza nyaya mupepanhau makore mashanu apfuura pasi rokuti "Imwe Schindler." Vasikana vaya vanofarira akatanga kutsvaka ruzivo pamusoro Irena Sendler, uye akawana kuti akanga achiri mupenyu. Achibatsirwa nehama uye vadzidzisi vakanyora mutambo "Upenyu mubhangi", iro kufanorongwa dzakasiyana dzemitambo muna US, Canada, uye gare gare kuPoland. Vasikana kunyange vakasvika Warsaw, apo vakaona chifananidzo chavo. ushamwari hwavo Irena Sendler kwemakore anoverengeka, panguva ivo vakashanyira Amai of Holocaust Children.

chinokudza

Mutsa Irena Sendler refu nonoka vakanga dzinoongororwa nehurumende Polish, izvo 2003 paakavapa kwake Order of White Eagle. Naanamai chemhando mubayiro kuna Sandler vakava European madzimambo, kusanganisira Peter Mukuru, yakakurumbira vatungamiriri vemauto uye Papa. Order of White Eagle rakadzorerwa muPoland chete muna 1992, uye pakati vakanyorerwa mumakore '24 kashoma kuti mumwe munhu akanga akafanira naye sezvo Mai Sendler.

Uyezve, gore rimwe chete asati afa Irena Israeli Prime Minister uye Mutungamiri kwePoland vakapa Nobel Committee kuti mubayiro Rugare Prize kwaari. Makomborero Sendler haana kutora nzvimbo, sezvo komiti panguva iyoyo haana kushandura mitemo, varwere kuti mubayiro rakakodzera nokuda nezviito ndakazvipiwa mumakore maviri apfuura.

Somumwe wePolish Journalists 'Mubayiro achanyadziswa. " Avo kuzvikomba zvake, akafamba murume wakafanira naye pane munhu, kuti mubayiro Al Gore akapa mharidzo pamusoro zvinetso kwepasi pose.

Uye muna 2007, gore Mai Irene akanga paakavapa ari menduru "Order of Smile." Sezvo nguva dzose muupenyu akapindira vana Irene kuti: zvakanzi anounzwa musarudzo nokuti mubairo mukomana vaShimoni Plotsennikom pamusoro Zielona Gora. "Order of Smile" yakatangwa muPoland muna 1968, uye ari paakavapa vanhu vana mufaro. Muna 1979, award chakabvumwa dzakawanda chinzvimbo, uye kubva ipapo vaida kugamuchira anosarudza basa rine vamiririri munyika 24.

The firimu "The Shinga Mwoyo Irena Sendler"

The firimu, izvo kare ambotaurwa, akanga filmed muLatvia. Apo venhau American akaudza Irene kuti upenyu hwake muhondo vari kuenda kuti firimu, akati iye akabvuma. Panyaya iyi, mukadzi akabvunza kuti mufananidzo chaiva chechokwadi uye kuratidza vokuAmerica chii chaizvoizvo aiva hondo, akatarira kufanana Warsaw cram, uye chii chakaitika ikoko. Irena Sendler muchinangwa firimu reDare New Zealand mutambi Anna Paquin, uyo muna 1994 akanga anokudza firimu Award "Oscar" nokuti Best Kutsigira Actor. Maererano vaoni, firimu akapiwa chaizvo mukuru misasa uye chokwadi. Painting akafanana uye mwanasikana Irena Sendler - Ioannina, izvo pakutanga aipikisa pfungwa pakusika munhu cinematic shanduro Biography kwamai vake.

The inofamba mumweya Poland

Kutaura pamusoro Feat Sendler, zvinofanira kunzwisiswa kuti mukadzi akashinga vaisagona kuita oga. Maererano Pani wake kupfuura Irena, kuti kuponesa mwana mumwe aida rubatsiro, dzinenge 12 vanhu :. vatyairi, nevashandi vezveutano, magadhi, vashandi waMatumba, machinda prescribers ndokugadzira mapepa, etc. Iri rinokosha akanga Polish nemasisita. Zvinozivikanwa kuti 500 vana kuponeswa Irena Sendler, vakakwanisa chete kurarama kuonga rubatsiro rwavo. Zvisinei, hanzvadzi dzakawanda vabhadhara imwe Humanism muKristu, akaratidza toreva vana zvimwe zvitendero, upenyu hwavo, uye kunyange vakava kutenda. Saka, muna 1944 kumakuva kuti Warsaw vaNazi doused pamwe peturu uye akapisa mupenyu boka nemasisita vakabatsira vaJudha.

No zvishoma anobaya mwoyo, uye nyaya sei Wojciech Zhukavsky uye Alexander Zelverovich akavanza vana 40 kubva cram panguva Zoo, apo vaizofanira kuvanda pakati mumakeji nemhuka.

Zvino kuti munoziva wakange Irena Sendler, firimu izvo zvechokwadi unokosha Ngatitarise, kunyanya sezvo rinowanika mushanduro Russian.