Munyori Lewis Carroll: biography, zita rechokwadi, zvisikwa

Lewis Carroll, ane mazita ake nhasi anosiya mibvunzo yakawanda yemvura, anopa munhu ane ruzivo uye ane tarenda. Izvo zvose nyanzvi yemasvomhu uye munyori ane tarenda. Maererano nebasa remunyori, mafirimu anopfuura 100 emhando dzakasiyana siyana akashongedzwa.

Nzvimbo yekubereka England

Muzana remakore rechi19 rakakurumbira kune vakawanda vanoona, mumwe wavo anoziva zvose - Lewis Carroll. Nhoroondo yake inotanga mumusha unoyevedza weDaresbury, uyo waiva chikamu cheguta reCheshire. Muimba yomupristi Charles Dodgson, paiva nevane gumi. Munyori weramangwana ainzi zita rababa vake, akaberekwa musi waJanuary 27, 1832, uye vasati vava nemakore 12 vakagamuchira dzidzo yeimba. Akabva atumirwa kuchikoro chega, kwaakadzidza kusvika muna 1845. Makore mana anotevera aakapedza muRubby. Muchikoro ichi akanga asina kufara, asi akaratidza kubudirira kwakanakisisa mukuraira kwemasvomhu neshoko raMwari. Muna 1950 akapinda muna Christ-Chert, muna 1851 akatamira kuOxford.

Musoro wemhuri wakabatanidzwa mumba uye nevana vose, uye makirasi akaita semitambo inofadza. Kuti vatsanangure zviri nani vana vaduku nheyo dzezvikwereti uye netsamba, baba vacho vakashandisa zvinhu zvakadai se chess uye nezvikoro. Zvidzidzo zvemitemo yekuzvibata zvaifanana nemitambo inofadza, iyo ne "kunwa tiyi pane zvinopesana" pfungwa dzevana dzakange dzizere nezivo. Apo wechiduku Charles akadzidza muchikoro chechirama, sayenzi yakapiwa nyore, iye akarumbidzwa, uye kudzidza kwaifadza. Asi mune chidzidzo chekudzidza chesayenzi, mufaro wakanyangarika, uye pakanga pasina kubudirira kuduku. Kuna Oxford, aifungidzirwa kuti akawandisa mudzidzi ane zvakanaka, asi asingashandisi mano.

Zita idzva

Nhau dzekutanga uye nhetembo dzakatanga kunyora mujijiji pasi pepseudonym Lewis Carroll. Nhoroondo yekuberekwa kwezita idzva iri nyore. Shamwari yake uye muparidzi Yates vakarayira kungoshandura tsamba dzokutanga, kuti ive nani. Pakanga pane mazano akawanda, asi Charles akamira pfupi iyi pfupi, uye inonyanya kukosha, kuvimba kwevana kuti vataure. Basa rake pamasvomhu, rakabudisa pasi pezita iro: Charles Lutvij Dodgson.

Mathematician uye Logic

Kudzidza pajiji kwaiva kunetseka kune munyori. Asi akagamuchira chikoro chebhadhari nyore nyore, uye pamakwikwi ekurovedza mashematical bias akawana mukana wekudzidzisa dzidziso munaKristu Church. 26 wemakore Charles Dodgson akazvitsaurira Euclidean geometry, algebra uye mat. Kuongorora, zvakanyatsotakurirwa nenyanzvi yekufungidzira uye mashematical puzzles. Inenge yakagadzirwa nenzira isina kukanganisa nzira yekuverenga zvinokonzera (Dodgson condensation).

Kune maonero maviri pane basa rake rezesayenzi. Vamwe vanodavira kuti haana kuita mupiro unofadza, asi kudzidzisa kwakabhadhara mari yakawanda uye mukana wekuita zvaaifarira. Asi pane mafungiro ekuti kubudirira kweCh. L. L. Dodgson mumunda we logic kunongobva kubudisa masayendisiti yesayenzi panguva iyoyo. Kuve nekugadziriswa kwemasarudzo akaoma kune masori kunowanikwa muChirangaridzo Logic, uye gwaro rechipiri rakanga ratofananidzirwa kutarisa kwevana uye rainzi Runical Game.

Kukudzwa uye kuenda kuRussia

Mukoroji, Charles Dodgson akatora dhiyabhorosi nzvimbo yezvokunamata. Achitenda izvi, aigona kuverenga mharidzo, asi kusashanda muparidzi. Panguva ino, kukura kwemashamwari pakati pechechi yeChirungu neRussia Orthodoxy. Nokuda kwezororo rakatsaurirwa kune makore makumi mashanu eMetropolitan Philaret kugara muDhipatimendi reMoscow, munyori nemadhikoni Charles uye nyanzvi yezvechitendero Henry Liddon vakakokwa kuRussia. Dodgson akafarira chaizvo rwendo. Sezvo apedza mabasa ake pamisangano yepamusangano uye zviitiko, akashanyira mumamoriyamu, akanyora maonero emaguta uye vanhu. Mimwe mitauro muRussia inowanikwa mu "Travel Diary". Iri rakanga risina bhuku rekubudiswa, asi nekuda kwebasa rega, iro rakabudiswa mushure mekufa kwemuriri.

Misangano yeRussia neyeChirungu, kukurukurirana kuburikidza nevashanduri uye zvisina kurongwa inofamba-famba pedo neguta rakasiya mhedziso yakajeka padhikoni muduku. Izvo zvisati zvaitika (uye shure), haana kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo, kunze kwekusawanzoshanyira kuLondon naBat.

Lewis Carroll. Biography yemunyori

Muna 1856, Charles anoungana nemhuri yemukuru wechidiki wekoroji Henry Liddell (asingafaniri kuvhiringidzika nedhikoni, ivo vanhu vakasiyana). Pakati pavo, hukama hwakasimba. Kushanyirwa kunoshanyira Dodgson pedyo nevemhuri yese, asi zvikurukuru nemwanasikana muduku Alice, uyo akatora makore mana. Ikokurumidza, chituko uye chimiro chinofadza chemusikana chinonakidza munyori. Lewis Carroll, uyo mabasa ake atova akadhinda mumagazini akadai se "Comic Times" uye "Train", anowana Muse itsva.

Muna 1864 basa rekutanga pamusoro peainyanya Alice rakabudiswa. Mushure mekufamba kuenda kuRussia, Carroll inoumba nyaya yechipiri yemasangano evanhu vakuru, yakabudiswa muna 1871. Nzira yemunyori akaenderera mberi munhau se "rudzi rweCarrell". Nhau yekuti "Alice muWonderland" yakanyorerwa vana, asi inonakidzwa nekubudirira kwakakwana nevese vese vemu fantasy genre. Munyori akashandisa mafirosofi uye mashematike majee muchikwata. Basa racho rakava chiitiko chekutanga uye muenzaniso wakanakisisa wekusaziva, chimiro chezvinyorwa uye zviito zvakakonzera zvakasimba pakuvandudzika kweunyanzvi hwemazuva iwayo. Lewis Carroll akasika nzira itsva mumabhuku.

Mabhuku maviri

Nhau "Alice muWonderland" ndiyo chikamu chokutanga chekudaidzira. Chirongwa chinotaura pamusoro pemusikana ari kuedza kubata Rabbit inonakidza muhombodo uye nehanho rehomwe. Anopinda muhombe, anopinda muimba, uko kune madiki masuo mashoma. Kuti apinde mubindu nemaruva, Alice ane rubatsiro rwe fan anoderedza kukura kwayo. Munyika yemashiripiti, inosangana neCaterpillar inononoka, Cheshi Cat Cat inofadza , pamwe neDuchess inokuvadza inoda kuvhara musoro. Alice aripo pane imwe tsvina ye-tea pamwe neMarch Hare neHatter. Mumunda, Heroine anoziva avo vadhigiri vadhidhi vanovandudza mhepo yakachena muhope. Mushure mokunge vatamba chikwata naHarare, Alice anoenda kudare, kwaanoita sechapupu. Asi kamwe-kamwe musikana wacho anotanga kukura, vose vanotsvaga vanova makadhi uye kurota kunopera.

Makore mashomanana gare gare, munyori anobudisa chikamu chechipiri pasi pezvinyorwa zvinonzi Lewis Carroll. "Alice muNyika kuburikidza neChechi yekutarira" rwendo rwunopinda girazi rikaenda mune imwe nyika, iyo chessboard. Pano heroine inosangana neVhite White, maruva anotaura, Black Queen, neShitttai-Boltai uye vamwe vanoita nhaurirano, ma prototypes e chess.

Kuongorora kwenguva pfupi mabhuku pamusoro peAlice

Lewis Carroll, uyo mabhuku ake anogona kukanganiswa mumatambudziko uye masayenzi, anoedza kubvunza mibvunzo yakaoma mumabasa ake. Kubhururuka kuburikidza nemugwagwa weRabbit mumusvibvu waro kwakafanana nedzidziso nekuderera kukurumidza kusvika pakati pePasi. Apo Alice anoyeuka tafura yekuwedzera, pfungwa yaT Taylor inoshandiswa, iyo 4X5 iri chaizvo 12. Uye mumusikana wacho ekuderera uye mukurumbira uye mukutya kwake (sekunge kusingazoparadzwi zvachose), munhu anogona kudzidza E. Whittaker tsvakurudzo nezvekuchinja kwese.

Kunhuwira kwepepuru muimba yeDuchess kunoreva kukwirira uye kusagadzikana kwemaitirokadzikadzi. Uyewo chiyeuchidzo chemuitiro wevarombo kubika pekudya kuti uvanze kutora nyama yakaderera. Kurwisana kwesayenzi nemitemo kwakanyatsotsanangurwa mumashoko echechi cheshire anoti: "Kana ukaenda kwenguva yakareba, iwe uchasvika pane imwe nzvimbo." Muchikamu chekudhawa kwewaini, Carroll anopa mutsara unofanirwa kukonzera bvudzi refu reAlice, chimiro chaHatter. Munyori wenhau anotaura kuti uyu ndewebvudzi romunhu mumwe nomumwe kune avo vakanga vasina kugutsikana nevhudzi raCharles muhupenyu, sezvo aipfeka bvudzi refu kupfuura mafashoni ezuva iroro akabvumira.

Uye izvi zvinongova mienzaniso inonyatsozivikanwa. Ichokwadi, chero mamiriro ezvinhu muzvinyorwa zveAlice zvinogona kukanganiswa kuva chipikicha chinonzwisisika kana dambudziko refilosofi yenheyo yenyika.

Quotes kubva kuCarroll

Lewis Carroll, anotsanangura mashoko ayo mazuva ano kakawanda saShakespeare, aive akavanzika munguva yake. "Hakavanzwa", saka, akaratidza kusabvumirana kwake nemitemo yekuzvibata munharaunda ine shrews yakavharidzirwa. Somuenzaniso, bvudzi refu.

• Zvingava zvekuchinja kusangana nomunhu anonzwisisa!
• Upenyu hwakakomba, asi kwete chaizvo ...
• Nguva haigoni kupedzwa!
• Zvakanaka kutsanangura chimwe chinhu kune umwe - kuita zvose iwe pachako.
• Mitemo iri pose-iwe unofanirwa kutarisa!
• Zvose zvakasiyana zvakasiyana, izvi zvinowanzoitika.
• Kana iwe ukakurumidza, iwe uchasara chishamiso.
• Sei munhu achida tsika dzakanyanya?
• Kuvaraidza kwehuchenjeri kunokosha kune hutano hwemweya.

Makuhwa anonyangadza ezana remakore rechi19

Lewis Carroll, uyo mabhuku ake haarasikirwi nemukurumbira kubva kumudzimai weChirungu kumudzidzi wechikoro cheRussia, akanga ari wega uye asingabatsiri nhengo yevanhu. Munhu ane tarenda aifambidzana mufananidzo uye (pamwe nemvumo yamadzimai) akabvisa zvidzoro zviduku zvakashama nokuda kwekuunganidza. Muhupenyu uye mujijiji, Charles Dodgson akavharwa-pfungwa, akadzikama uye haana kunzwa mune imwe nzeve. Mufundisi haana kumurega kuti aroore.

Pane huwandu hwekunyorwa kwevhesi dzakaberekerwa munguva yeupenyu hwomunyori. Hongu, akanzwa asina kukwana uye ndicho chikonzero akadzivisa vakadzi vezera rake. Vose vasikana vaakambotaura navo vakanga vakwegura kupfuura makore gumi nemana. Kwemazuva iwayo, ava vatove vasikana vaduku vachitsvaga mukomba. Muchiyeuchidzo chevasikana hapana chikonzero chekushungurudzwa kwepabonde. Uye vazhinji vavo vakanyatsopera makore avo, kwete kuti vanyengedzwe. Mwana anogona kutaura nekusununguka nemurume, uye mudzimai akanaka haagoni.