Cross Marshall: pfungwa zvakanyatsoenzana, wedzerai uye kudiwa

Muvanhu vemazuva ano haagoni kuita pasina ruzivo kunyatsogona upfumi. Uye ndezvipi? Hwaro upfumi zvitengeswa uye kudiwa - anonzi Marshall muchinjikwa. Uye rudzi chiratidzo sayenzi iyi. Saka kugara pariri zvizere.

Alfred Marshall: pfupi Biography uye nedzidziso

Future inozivikanwa Economist uyo akaberekwa mumhuri bhenga muLondon. Akadzidziswa pana Oxford uye ipapo kuCambridge. Apedza, Marshall aishanda somudzidzisi. Muna 1885 akava wedhipatimendi weDhipatimendi Political Economy kuCambridge. Alfred Marshall kwagara mutsigiri rusununguko makwikwi pamisika. maonero ake akafurira mirayiridzo vamiririri chekare uye marginalist.

The chikuru chakanakira Marshall ndechokuti akakwanisa kuva zvoupfumi dzidziso somunhu Integrated munzanga nesayenzi. Mumakore upenyu musayendisiti akabudisa matanhatu mavhoriyumu "Principles pamusoro Economics", iro richiri vaitirei chaiwo basa mumunda. Marshall haana kubatanidzwa kusanzwisisana vatsigiri kushanda kwemasvomhu nzira iri dzezvoupfumi uye vateveri nesayenzi "wakachena". Zvisinei, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti "Principles ose dzezvoupfumi" yose nharo kunopiwa chete nemashoko, uye mhando dzose uye equations vari horokodzwa. A kanoda zvedzidzo nezvoupfumi vakatora dzidziso romugove, kudiwa, uye musika zvakanyatsoenzana. The uno uye nemuchinjikwa akadana Marshall.

Pfungwa zvakanyatsoenzana

Nhasi, kunyange mudzidzi, kwangopera akatanga kudzidza dzezvoupfumi, zviri pachena kuti mutengo yakaiswa yakavakirwa zvitengeswa uye kudiwa. Cross Marshall - purogiramu kuti kwakaoma zvisingaiti kwete kurangarira. Zviri nyore uye schematic, kuti makakombama maviri kusangana pa pfungwa. Zvakaratidza kuti "muchinjikwa" kana "chigero", kushandisa hazvisi nyore kutsanangura muitiro nokuvumba zvakanyatsoenzana mumusika.

Zvisinei, zviri zvishoma anopfuura zana apfuura haana kurangarira pachena kudaro. Wokutanga musika zvakanyatsoenzana pakati zvitengeswa uye kudiwa anongotaurwa anoratidzwa Marshall. Iye nemazvo yakatsanangura yakatenuka munyonga uye sei ivo dyidzana. Cross Marshall ari upfumi akaita chimurenga chaiyo. The musika mutengo uye zvakanyatsoenzana vhoriyamu zvevakomana vari duramazwi, kunyange vagari vanhuwo. Ivo vari pamwoyo chero dzidziso. The musayendisiti akaita zvakawanda kuti kukura nesayenzi zvoupfumi. Zvisinei, nhaka yake inogona kupatsanurwa munzvimbo zvina: kudiwa, wedzerai, musika zvakanyatsoenzana zvigoverwe mari. Tinotanga yokutanga.

Pfungwa kudiwa

Marshall ari kuvaka pamusoro nzira mbiri. Ichi mutengo kukura uye saturation kuti mutengi kudiwa. Vanobvumira kuti kuzviitira maitiro yevatengi kuona chinangwa uye zvinovaka zvisingarambiki. Marshall Akagoverawo zvachose kudiwa pamunhu. Uyezve, akava pfungwa "mutengo elasticity". Uye Marshall akapa vazhinji ano dudziro pfungwa iyi. Akapa kwemasvomhu zvikapa kururamisirwa rokuti sechinhu kwakavharwa nenyama kudiwa.

Mukuwedzera, musayendisiti Akateerera nezvenzvimbo zvakanyatsoenzana pfungwa iri Marshall Cross zvichienderana kureba vaiona nguva nguva. Nezvoupfumi vanoti kuti pane zviri mupfupi, zvikuru itibatsire vade, uye refu, zvikuru nezvakaitwa pfungwa, kureva, mari inoshandiswa. Marshall akazivisa pfungwa "mutengi yemuraudzo", iro akazokokwa muhurukuro zvakanaka dzidziso. Rinomiririra kusiyana mutengo vatengi vanoda mari kuti chigadzirwa, uye ayo ukoshi chaiyo.

About kudzidza

Cross Marshall inoratidza unhu kwete chete vatengi asiwo vaburitsi. In dzidziso inopa Marshall kupatsanura mari mari inoshandiswa chaiko. Chokutanga - muripo nokuda kupfuma. Wechipiri - mari zvose kuti rinoshandiswa kugadzirwa kwacho, pasinei atenga kuti mari kana pfuma wekambani.

Marshall akataura ichiwedzera uye kudzikira matambudziko zvinhu zviri pamwero. Akaudzawo pfungwa wechigarire, shoma uye zvachose mari inoshandiswa. In dzidziso inopa Marshall zvakare akatanga nguva chinhu. Zvikurukuru, akataura kuti nokufamba kwenguva yakatarwa mari kuva shanduka.

On the musika zvakanyatsoenzana

Pakati dzidziso musayendisiti - Cross Marshall. Vaakaruramisa mutengo sezvo musika regulator. Marshall akamuona ari ndima namapoka akadai zvitengeswa uye kudiwa. Vakasuma pfungwa musayendisiti uye zvakanyatsoenzana vhoriyamu, ndiko kuti, svinga chigadzirwa kuti zvinogutsa zvose vatengi uye vaburitsi. Marshall akapikisa kuti mumamiriro ezvinhu chokuzvisarudzira makwikwi, kana pamusika mutengo akapfuudza zvakanyatsoenzana, kudiwa anowira, uye izvi zvinotungamirira varasikirwe pasi. Rinotaurawo akaongorora mugumisiro spatial nezvenyama zvinhu. Marshall kukosha vaparadzane zviri nganisa uye kwenguva refu yakareba. Akasimbisa kuti pakutanga controller anoita kudiwa rechipiri - kupa.