List vaidzvinyirirwa muna 1937. Dzinozivikanwa vakaurayiwa Chinotyisa Great

The kupfuura kwakakwidibira nguva enyika udzvanyiriri muSoviet Union zvawanikwa muna 1937-1938. Munhau rainzi Great Kutya. vanobatwa ake vaiva vanhu vakasiyana munzanga strata munzanga. Kunze residues kuti pre-echimurenga intelligentsia vakanga pasi udzvanyiriri dzebato vashandi, masoja uye nevafundisi. Asi kunyanya vaidzvinyirirwa ndandanda muna 1937 vakanga vari vamiririri rwekuita mukirasi uye varombo, vakawanda vacho kusvikira ichangobva vakatadza kunzwisisa mhosva.

Anotyisa, zvisati wayo chiyero

Pasinei chokwadi kuti zvose kusarudza kuita ropa zviito inobva Zvaitongwa Politburo of CPSU (b), ichiidzwa kuti chaizvoizvo mirairo iyi akapa Stalin pachake. In kwayo zvezvinotaurwa kutya makore iwayo haana kuenzana munhoroondo ehurumende. List vaidzvinyirirwa muna 1937 kunokanganisa kukura kwayo. Kana munguva Khrushchev nyungudika vakanga zvishoma yakabudiswa mashoko pamusoro vanonetswa iyoyo, yakanga vakawana kuti chete mashanu worusere - nyaya enyika akatongerwa rufu 681 692 munhu.

Kana isu wedzera kwavari vaya vakafa vari muusungwa nezvirwere, nzara uye zvakapfurikidza, nhamba iyi achamuka miriyoni imwe. Maererano data available kune Academician A. D. Saharov, nokuti 1937-1938 biennium. Akasungwa vashandi bato anenge 1 200 000. Kana ukafunga kuti 50 chete 000 vavo airarama ayo kusunungurwa, zviri pachena kuti mumwe akarova zvinotyisa vakatambura nebato pachake mutungamiri.

The plenum, iyo yakava mavambo kutyisa

Nenzira, shoko rokuti "The Great Chinotyisa" vakauya kwatiri kubva UK. Zvakanga saka vanoda bhuku rake pamusoro zvakaitika 1937-1938. munyori wezvakaitika kare wokuBritain Robert Kukunda. Takavawo ariko akasiyana zita - "Yezhov nguva", anowana kubva zita mukuru kuuraya ari reropa yaitonga, musoro NKVD N. I. Ezhova, akavawo nenhamo dzakwidzwa akasikwa aine ake kupindura sina hunhu hwechiKomonisiti.

Sezvo Zvakakodzera kuzivikanwa vatsvakurudzi zviitiko makore iwayo, kutanga Ugandanga Great inofanira kuonekwa, iyo kwakaitika mangwanani 1937, plenum reCentral Committee of CPSU (b). On Zvaiita kutaura Stalin umo akavakurudzira kusimbisa kurwa navavengi vanhu, kuwedzera, maererano nedzidziso yake, okupandukira mabasa ake sezvo tiri kufamba munzanga pakuvaka gutsaruzhinji.

Chete plenum mhosva vakaunzwa pamusoro kurudyi-akasiya nokupikiswa vanonzi - kushamwaridzana enyika, inosanganisira Trotskyists - Radek, G. L. Pyatakova uye L. B. Kameneva, uye zvakanaka-bapiro deviationist - AI Rykov uye NA Uglanova. Musoro muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano Anti-Soviet ainzi N. I. Buharin. Mukuwedzera, Bukharin uye Rykov akapomerwa kuronga chigaro Stalin.

Nhengo dzose dzeboka vakatongerwa wapamusoro. An akadzama anofadza - zvose 72 vakurukuri akataura pachikuva pamusoro plenum, vaivawo mhosva dzokupandukira uye akaurayiwa nokukurumidza. Yakanga kutanga kumboitika munhau mutemo munyika. Characteristically, wokutanga vakaurayiwa vake ndivo, agere boardroom, akavhotera iye.

The udzvanyiriri pakati vanhuwo zvavo

Mumwedzi kuuya, pashure plenum yokugadza, wakapiwa Stalin akawana Implementation kwayo. Atova June, hurumende yakasarudza kushandisa kwakapararira pamusoro rufu vanhu vakanga kare vari murimi mudiki mupanduki mapoka, -. "Green Movement"

Uyezve, zvakarongwa rakanga zvikamu vaidzvinyirirwa uye kunonzi kulaks muna 1937, kureva, vanhuwo zvavo, vasina kuda kubatana mumapurazi uye kuti vabudirire pachavo basa mari. Saka, mutongo kurova zvibhakera uye vaimbova vapanduki, uyo, mushure kushumira nguva, kuedza kudzokera kwomuzvarirwo upenyu, uye kupfuura kubishaira chikamu miduku yokuruwa.

Kuparadzwa wehondo murayiro mamiriro

Zvinozivikanwa kuti kubva pamazuva Civil War, Stalin akanga hasha kwazvo emauto. Munzira dzakawanda, chikonzero ichi iri chokwadi kuti akanga muvengi rwechisikirwo musoro wehondo - Trotsky. Mumakore chinovhundusa Guru chokuita muchiuto yakasvika kwayo zvakanyanyisa. Zvichida aitya nevapanduki mune ramangwana, vakarongwa kwevatungamiriri vemauto simba zvikuru, ringatungamirira nemhomho nemasoja.

Kunyange zvazvo 1937 Trotsky akanga asisiri munyika, Stalin akatora vamiririri yakakwirira murayiro sezvo zvinogona vavengi. Izvi zvakaguma vakawanda kutya murayiro pamusoro Red Army. Zvakakwana kuyeuka unosuruvarisa kutapwa zvikuru unyanzvi vehondo - Marshal Tukhachevsky. Somugumisiro udzvanyiriri ichi kwave substantially akaderedza munyika kudzivirira, iyo zvakajeka akaonekwa mumakore hondo mangwanani.

Chinotyisa pakati NKVD

Not akaponesa reropa sefungu kutyisa pachavo NKVD. Vazhinji vashandi vake, nezuro ose aite mirairo Stalin kushingaira, vaiva pakati vasungwa uye mazita avo akawedzera mazita vaidzvinyirirwa muna 1937. Mumakore aya, vatungamiriri vakawanda vakakurumbira pakati NKVD vakapfurwa. Pakati pavo - roga vanhu commissar Yezhov uye nowakautangira ake Yagoda, uyewo vanoverengeka akakurumbira nhengo vanhu Commissariat.

Archive Data kuti vava kuwanika kuruzhinji

Pakatanga chinokosha chikamu kugadzirisa NKVD yamabhuku vakanga declassified, uye izvi zvaiita kuti asimbise uwandu vakaurayiwa udzvanyiriri kwechokwadi muna 1937. Maererano nedzimwe data, paiva vanhu miriyoni nechidimbu uye. basa Great aita arşive tsvimbo uye vanozvipira. Kuwedzera Bhuku vakawanda Statistical Data dzakabudiswa mazita vaidzvinyirirwa muna 1937 uye ose nguva enyika udzvanyiriri.

Nokuda kwaizvozvi, hama zhinji yevanhu vakaurayiwa Stalin kwakaita mutemo aiva nomukana wokudzidza pamusoro kutapwa kwavo vadiwa. Kazhinji, munhu wose vakiridza nhoroondo makore iwayo woshandisa kuzviremera veSoviet kumubvunzo pekwatingawana mazita ari vaidzvinyirirwa muna 1937, vachiedza kuwana chero muvhidhiyo uchapupu pamusoro zviitiko nguva, akapiwa categorical kuramba. Chete nokuda democratic kuchinja munharaunda, nhau akava pachena.