Acropolis sezvo mukuru chikamu Athens

Acropolis muAtene - kare Monument, ibhuku rakasiyana muenzaniso tsika dzechiGiriki yekare, vanobatanidzwa iri World Heritage Site ne UNESCO. Kwenguva refu yakava magariro muzinda vagari veAteni.

Nhoroondo chiitiko

Sezvo utiziro pavavengi Acropolis - akanga zita mukuru chikamu Athens - rave kushandiswa vomunzvimbo pakupera iri III chemakore BC. e. Kusimbisa masvingo anosvika gumi metres yakakwirira uye matanhatu - paupamhi. Dawo chikomo inogona kushandiswa kana vokumadokero kana rwokumusoro. Panyaya iyi, aichimbova kushoma akavimbika, saka wokupinda kusimbisa vomunzvimbo kunyatsotevera.

Kurutivi rwokumusoro yekare chikamu Athens, sezviri pachena, kwaiva mumatenhere pakati pamakwenzi zvakanaka zvakavanzika. Kwairi vakabayiwa mudombo yakamanikana masitepisi. Nokufamba kwenguva, kuchamhembe pasuo unosimbisa ibwe rakanga vakaisa, chete vakachengetedzwa kumavirira.

Acropolis somunhu socio-tsika nzvimbo

Nokudaro, Acropolis - ndiro zita yekare chikamu Athens. Pakutanga kwaiva paneshongwe chikomo pamusoro izvo nhare kweguta. Zvisinei, mumireniyamu yechipiri BC, sezvo achiratidza migumisiro matongo Zvakafukunurwa pano vaishingaira litigation, misangano vatongi uye mazororo nezvezvakaitwa dzechitendero. Somuenzaniso, vaongorori vakanga vawana playground, vaishumirwa, sokuti, yemitambo nokuda echiGiriki zvakavanzika vekare. Kuchamhembe suwo Acropolis yaiva zvakanaka, izvo rinobvumira vagari, vaiva shure kunwa mvura akakomberedzwa namasvingo, yepamusoro.

Gekatompedon

Taundi yekare veAteni yaro Zvivako kodzero kugara aitungamirira chinzvimbo pakutsvakurudza nhoroondo wechiGiriki wehurumende. Zvinozivikanwa kuti chikamu mumaguta nevanhu mumazuva iwayo zvaiva dzakakwirira zvikuru kumaruwa. Cities vaiva Chinonyanya kukosha mune upenyu polis. Athens, akavapindurawo, zvishoma nezvishoma akava mukuru zvokutengeserana uye okutarisira uye kuparadzira muzinda yose kweMediterranean. mamiriro ezvinhu aya akabatanidzwa zvakanaka basa nemagariro paumbwe muguta. Acropolis sezvo rekare chikamu Athens, inozivikanwa temberi yaro.

Saka, muzana remakore VI BC. e. Gekatompedon paiva tembere ( "stofutovy"), yakavakwa mukukudza mwarikadzi Athena uye uine hwakanyanya runako. chikuru uchikwezvwa waro masuo Propylaea, akashongedzwa pembiru. Kwira kereke yakanga zvishoma nezvishoma gomo, uko runogonesa pakuonekwa dzinokatyamadza kushanda. Uyewo, temberi mapurani uye masuo aro vari kunyanya symmetry, izvo vavezi vemabwe akazotevera Greek akashandisa kusika zvivezwa kuti vashongedze pediment temberi.

Parthenon

Zvadaro, musi nzvimbo rakadzikwa Gekatompedon zvakatonyanya kwazvo temberi - the Parthenon (makore 447-437 BC, muvezi - .. Phidias). Kuti tisvike temberi, vashanyi vaifanira pre-yokunzvenga nayo, sezvo pamusuo yaiva pakatarisana kubva pagedhi. Izvi zvaitwa nechinangwa kuti vakakokwa vainzwa mutambo mweya kwetemberi uye yakatarwa kuti nzira yakarurama. Saka, musi rusvingo Parthenon Bhanabhasi tepi rakagadzirwa, unoratidza hombe mudungwe mukukudza mwarikadzi Athena: vatasvi, vasikana vane mapazi emichindwe mumaoko avo (chiratidzo rugare), vanokudzwa vakuru.

Pari temberi ari chakasakara ezvinhu.

Erechtheion

Basa kusikwa ichi yetemberi (421-405 BC) aiva refu uye rakaoma, sezvo kufanana akatorazve mumwe zvinokwezva muguta sei hondo yeGirisi Persian. Saka mari yokuvaka vakanga shoma chaizvo.

Pakutanga, initiator kuvakwa kwetemberi akataura vomuAtene mutongi Pericles, uye murongedzeri uyewo kuva Phidias. Zvisinei, kuvaka chivako chakaisvonaka zvakanga pashure Pericles 'rufu, vachitungamirirwa akitekiti Mnesikles.

Zita temberi yaiva nokukudzwa vaAtene mambo Erechtheus. The Acropolis ndiye mukuru chikamu veAtene, pazvinhu mavakirwo ichifananidzwa nyaya dzakawanda dzechiGiriki mungano. Saka, maererano nengano, aiva mwanakomana Erechtheus Hephaestus (mwari wemoto uye musande aive mupfuri) uye GAIA (pasi mwarikadzi). Munguva yehondo muguta Eleusis, chakakonzerwa ezvitendero, Erechtheus akauraya mwanakomana Poseidon (Evmolpiass), uyo aiva mutungamiri utsinye nemhuri. Achipindura, kutsamwa mwari mvura achibatsirwa mukoma wake Zeus akauyisa pamusoro vaAtene mutongi mheni. Uye Erechtheus akafa. Panguva imwecheteyo pamusoro Acropolis zvichipomerwa irambe zvisaririra zviri kunozivikanwa kwemheni, iro rakaparadzwa anoverengeka namatema Slabs. It nedzimba rinda Erechtheus, nzvimbo iyo temberi eponymous rakadzikwa.

Architecture Erechtheion bhokisi. Temberi rinoumbwa vaviri dzisakarurama kadikidiki zviruva, izvo uyewo riri yakasiyana siyana. Nechokumabvazuva temberi yakatsaurirwa kuna Athena, kumavirira - Hephaestus, Poseidon, uye Booth, mupristi mwarikadzi Athena uye mukoma wake Erechtheus yokutanga.