Political udzvanyiriri. Vakatambudzwa political udzvanyiriri vari USSR

Political udzvanyiriri - chinhu utsinye uye ropa nguva munhoroondo yacho yamadzibaba. Anouya pane imwe nguva apo nyika akatungamirirwa Iosif Stalin. Vakatambudzwa political udzvanyiriri muSoviet Union - mamiriyoni vanhu vave nemhosva uye akatongerwa kugara mujeri kana rufu. Vanotsvakurudza vakaona kuti zvikuru zvakaipa kuti vane zviitiko 1920-1950-ies. Chokutanga, mumakore enyika udzvanyiriri kusiya kuvimbika Soviet muvanhu, ayo wevanotungamirira mamiriro.

Musimboti kutyisa

Misa enyika repressions kwakaitika nguva kubva 1937 kusvika 1938. Nguva iyi inonziwo "Zvinotyisa Great". Maererano Medushevsky, nezviyero izvi zvinogona kunzi zvinhu evanhu mudziyo pokugadzwa paitonga Stalin hwechiKomonisiti. The mutsvakurudzi anodavira kuti pane dzakawanda nzira siyana kuti achitsanangura uye kunzwisisa musimboti wenyika "Zvinotyisa Great", matambudziko akasiyana-siyana zvinoita kuti masangano kuumbwa, kwakatangira pfungwa yake. Zvaraireva basa, Chokwadi, ndezvaiye huru mapurisa chakavanzika nyika - GUGB NKVD uye Stalin.

rudzi Features

Political udzvanyiriri, sezvo vakawanda ano dzekare Russian, kazhinji kacho, kwete chete vakakanganisa huripo mitemo, asi vo Basic Mutemo - Bumbiro Remitemo. Kunyanya, kupikisana chaiva kusika zvimwe-matare akawanda. The maitiro anogona kunzi, uye kuti inokosha nhamba magwaro vakanga chasainwa Stalin pachake kana mafaira okutanga. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti anenge ose enyika udzvanyiriri vakanga mvumo navo.

Kusimbisa kwakaita Stalin simba

Political udzvanyiriri mumakore 30 vakatanga kuchapararira pamwe kutanga kwemaindasitiri uye collectivization kuti kumapurazi. Yakanga zvikuru uye vawane simba Stalin pachake. Political udzvanyiriri akabata masayendisiti. Somuenzaniso, dzakawanda dzacho dzave mhosva panyaya "iri Academy of Sciences". Muna 1932 vanyori vana takaendeswa kuutapwa nokuda pokuita "Siberian bhurigedhi." Mazana vatariri vaiva Red Army, vakasungwa. Vose kwakaitika nyaya "Spring". Panguva imwe chete iyoyo, zvematongerwo udzvanyiriri kuitwa pamusoro "nationalist deviators."

Mamiriro ari chinoda

The Tatar uye Crimean zvionera Republic, vamwe mubato vakuru vakasungwa. Dzaiitwa nyaya "Sultan-Galyiv boka pakaunda-kuipandukira", umo mukuru akanzi Sultan-Galiev - Tatar Communist. Toga vatengesi vakatongerwa rufu, vakazochinja chikatsiviwa muusungwa uri parimandi kwemakore 10. In Belarus, mumakore 30-31. Rakanga mhosva miririri vedare midziyo Republic. Vakanga vachipomerwa chokuita nyaya "Union Liberation", umo mutambo 86 zvesayenzi uye tsika nenhamba. Muchirimo yechi30 gore aiva rakavhurika muitiro muUkraine. Kana "Union of Liberation of Republic" akatora nzvimbo kupfuura vanhu 40. At musoro kupomerwa yaiva Efremov - Vice President AUAS. Sezvambotaurwa mhosva, "ari Union of Liberation of Republic" akanga nechinangwa kupidigura hurumende yeSoviet uye kuti kutendeuka Ukraine kunyika nemauto uye novimba rimwe pedyo Bourgeois dzimwe nyika. Vose vaibatanidzwa nyaya achiti mhosva. Kufungisisa kureurura uye kutendeuka kupomerwa, rufu nayo chikatsiviwa makore 8-10 mujeri. vanhu Nine vakagamuchira ndokunge izwi. In Kharkov, panyaya "uto sangano Ukraine" rakaitwa 148 kuvashanu. Nezvokumutswa iyi, akasungwa muMoscow muna 1934, gore Poloz. Iye akabata nzvimbo mutevedzeri sachigaro bhajeti rairo CEC of USSR. Munguva 20s yaaishandira Poloz nhume kuUkraine muMoscow, USSR vanhu commissar rezveMari uye sachigaro State Planning Commission. Akatongerwa makore gumi mujeri.

"General kuchenesa" of CPSU (b)

Rakanga kuitwa makore 33-34, uye ipapo vakatangazve May 35th. Munguva kuchenesa webato, yaisanganisira 1.916.500 nhengo, 18.3% vakanga vasingagoni. Maererano kumagumo kwacho takatanga kuitisa "ongororo pamusoro yebato magwaro." Akazosvika kusvikira December 35 kwegore. Nokufamba basa iri, achiwedzera mumwe 10-20 zviuru asungwa. "Replacement magwaro" akanga akatakurwa kubva January kusvika September 36 fung gore. Kutaura zvazviri, kwaiva kuenderera vakatanga "kuchenesa" makore 33-35. Pakutanga, ndivo vakauya kuna kururamisira havachafaniri mubato. Peak kusungwa kwakaitika mumakore 37-38. muna USSR, vanowirwa enyika udzvanyiriri mumakore maviri apfuura zvave dzakawanda chaizvo. Panguva iyi, zvakanzi arraigned vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 1,5 rufu mutongo 681.692 nemhosva.

Miedzo Moscow

Munguva kubva 1936 kusvika 1938 akatora woisa nokuongorora zvitatu guru zvinhu. Vakwikwidzi akadzokorora mabasa CPSU (b), vachirondedzera kune 20-30s kurudyi kana Trotskyist kushorwa. Kunze, izvi anonzi "Moscow Trials". Kusungwa akapomerwa pamwe Western utikitivha kuti sangano chigaro Stalin nevamwe vatungamiriri Soviet, kuparadzwa USSR, kudzorerwa capitalist emuviri uye kuunza zvakaipa siyana zveupfumi sectors. Wokutanga kwacho kwakaitika muna 1926, muna August. Akapomerwa mapato "Trotsky-Zinoviev Center". Huru angaratidza vaiva Kamenev uye Zinoviev. Kuwedzera kune vamwe mhosva, iye akapomerwa kupondwa Kirov uye sangano iri rangano Stalin. Nyaya "yakafanana Anti-Soviet Trotskyite Center" wechipiri ragunzva 17 mamaneja zviduku muna 1937. Huru kupomerwa vaive Sokolnikov, Pyatakov uye Radek. By kufa vanhu 13 dzakatongerwa, uye vamwe vakaendeswa padanda mumisasa, izvo ndokufa nokukurumidza. Wechitatu kwacho kwakaitika muna 1938, kubva 2nd kusvika rechi13 March. Iye akapomerwa 21 vechikamu "Right Trotskyite bloc". Huru angaratidza vaiva Rykov uye Bukharin. Vakaendesa "kushorwa zvakanaka" muna 1928-29.

"It Tukhachevskogo"

Izvi zvakaitika muna 1937, muna June. Rakanga mhosva neboka vatariri Red Army, kusanganisira Tukhachevsky. Vakanga anonzi sangano kugadzirira zvemauto akabvuta chigaro. Kwapera nguva, Soviet hutungamiri panyaya vakawanda purges rwaiitwa mu murayiro Red Army. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti shanu nhengo masere Special Pakutonga Commission, vakatongerwa rufu nemhosva "Tukhachevsky", vakabva wo asungwa. Izvi, zvikurukuru, Kashirin, Alksnis, Dybenko, Belov, Blucher.

kurwadziswa

Kuti vawane pupuro kushandiswa zvakarurama utsinye matanho. Vanenge vose hwatenderwa Stalin pachake. Panguva "Khrushchev kuti nyungudika" mahofisi Soviet muchuchisi wacho audited dzakawanda zvematongerwo enyika uye pezvakaitwa boka. Panguva nyaya yake falsification vaizivikanwa se "zvakakodzera" uchapupu kunge vakawana kushandisa kurwadziswa. Zvisiri pamutemo udzvanyiriri, nedanda vasungwa chaiva zvakajairika. Saka, somuenzaniso, pane uchapupu hwokuti kukwikwidza nhengo Politburo Eiche mu Kubvunzurudzwa yakatyoka nomuzongoza, uye Blücher vakafa zvinokonzerwa enderana kurohwa. Stalin (sezvinoratidzwa zvinyorwa) yakarumbidza zvakasimba kushandiswa kurohwa dzokubvisa pupuro.

Mutemo "About vanoitirwa enyika repressions"

Rakazoshandiswa muna 1991, musi 18 October. Sezvo kupinda mariri simba, uye kuti 2004 anopfuura 630-zviuru vanhu vave rehabilitated. Vamwe vasungwa, Somuenzaniso, vakawanda anogara zveutungamiri muna NKVD, vanhu ariita kana akanga ukama ugandanga uye akaita tsotsi mhosva dzisiri enyika hunhu, aigamuchirwa "kwete pasi vapore." Kazhinji, zvaionekwa kupfuura-970 zviuru mafomu.

ndangariro

In Russia nezvimwe dzaichimbova vari kamwe Soviet Union, ndakaiswa pagore Zuva Vakatambudzwa Nevematongerwo Enyika. The ramakumi matatu October vakaronga misangano, siyana tsika uye dzidzo zviitiko. Pazuva Vakatambudzwa Nevematongerwo Enyika nyika anoyeuka vawirwa vakashungurudzwa, ndokupfura vanhu, vakawanda vacho vakauya panguva yakafanira kubatsirwa zvikuru yamadzibaba uye aigona kuuya nayo pamusoro. Izvi, kunyanya, ari ngetani murayiro hondo yacho, zvesayenzi uye tsika nenhamba. Zvikoro zvakawanda ronga "zvidzidzo mhenyu" nhoroondo. Kutozosvikira munguva ichangopfuura, vakanga kakawanda misangano vapukunyuka vakapupurira zviitiko izvi, vana vavo, vari kuyeuka izvo zvakasara nguva ino inotyisa. Huru Zviitiko dzinoitwa panguva yacho Solovetsky Stone (Lubyanka Square) uye panguva Butovo vachiridzira siyana. Misangano mikuru uye anofamba muSt Petersburg. Huru zviitiko musi Utatu Square uye Levashovskaya isingagariki.