Kusunungurwa kweBelgrade kubva kuvaNazi, 1944

2014 yaive yakapfuma kwemhemberero. Mushure mezvose, makore makumi manomwe apfuura, kusunungurwa kweBelgrade, Bucharest, Sofia nemamwe maguta akawanda nemaguta makuru eEurope nemauto eSoviet akaitika. Kunyanya kupemberera chiitiko ichi chechirangaridzo cheSerbia yehama, kupi nhasi uno rangarirai mauto emasoja eRed Army. Kubva pakasunungurwa kweBergrade muna 1944, vatungamiriri veSoviet neYugoslavia vakaita basa rinokosha mune izvi?

Prehistory

Basa reYugoslavia nemauto eFascist akatanga mushure mokunge bombardment yakasimba yeBelgrade musi waApril 6, 1941. Pakarepo mushure meizvi, kuumbwa kwebato reparutiki kwakatanga. Uye pakutanga pakanga pane mapapiro maviri: monarchist uye communist. Zviri pachena kuti veAllies vakasarudza kutsigira vatsigiri veMambo Petro II vakadzingwa. Zvisinei, muna 1943 madzimambo emadzimambo, kana kuti Chetniks, sezvavakadanwa, vakanga vazvinyatsoremekedza pachavo nekucheneswa kwemadzinza evanhu vasiri veSerbia veYugoslavia, uye hurumende dzeSoviet neBritain dzakatsigira pachena mutungamiri weKomonisiti, Josip Broz Tito.

Mamiriro ari mberi pamberi pebasa reBelgrade

Nemhaka yenharaunda yayo, Serbia yakagara iine pfungwa inokosha inokosha muBalkans. Nokudaro, kubva pamazuva okutanga ekushanda kwechikamu cheYugoslavia, mutemo weGermany wakabata masimba makuru ikoko. Uyezve, mushure mokubudirira kweRobert Army muRomania neBulgaria nekusvika kwayo kuDanube, Serbia yakawana kukosha kukuru kune Wehrmacht. Ichokwadi ndechokuti kumiganhu yekumabvazuva kwenyika ino maNazi aizotungamira mberi kwezvidziviriro pamusoro pemasoja eSoviet, achizobvumira mashomanana kuti abve kuGrisi nekuMakedhonia ndokuvatumira kuti vadzivirire miganhu yeGermany pachayo. Nokudaro, zvakanga zvakajeka kuti kusunungurwa kweBelgrade (1944) kwaizova kwakaoma uye kunoda kuti kugadzirirwe kwakanaka.

Kunyanya, musi waJuly 28, 1944, zvikamu zveYugoslavia yaPLA yakabva kuBosnia ichienda kuSerbia, uye munaSvondo mauto eSoviet akatanga kukwira ipapo. Nhau dzekuvhiringidza kweRed Army dzakagamuchirwa nemufaro nevanhu vagari veYugoslav, iyo yakazova chiratidzo chokuti kusunungurwa kweBelgrade kwave kuswedera. Mukuwedzera, pakutanga kwekupera mutemo weGermany wakasarudza kubvisa boka remauto "E" kubva kuBalkans kuenda kuHungary, uye vakasunungurwa veBulgaria vakataura hondo kuGermany ndokupa murairo we III chiUukreni Front I, II uye IV kune maBulgaria.

Kutanga kwekushanda

Pakati peSeptember 15 ne21, 17th Air Army yakagamuchira mirairo kubva kumurairo weSoviet wokurova bhujiro nezvimwe zvinangwa zvinokosha, nekudaro kudzivisa kubviswa kwemauto eGermany kubva kumaodzanyemba kweYugoslavia neGreece. Mushure mokunge, musi waSeptember 28, 57th Army yakatanga kurwisa kuBelgrade, iyo yakafukidzwa neDanube flotilla kubva kurudyi, yakamanikidzwa kuita nzira yayo kuburikidza nemigodhi yemigodhi. Mauto eSoviet, achibvumirana nematanho eAAAI, akaputsa kudzivirirwa kwevavengi mumuganhu neBulgaria munguva pfupi ndokuita zvakaoma zvikuru kuyambuka nechekumabvazuva kweSerb Mountains, vachirwisana nguva dzose neVaJalimane vakadzoka.

Kusunungurwa kweBelgrade: zuva uye zviitiko zvekushanda

Musi waOctober 8, mauto eSoviet akayambuka Rwizi rwaMorava ndokutora bhutiro muPalanca neVelika Plana. Kubvira ipapo, musi waOctober 12, kushorwa kwakatanga paBelgrade kubva kumaodzanyemba, umo mauto eBulgaria nemaviri maviri eAAAIA akatora chikamu. Panguva imwecheteyo, Danube yakamanikidza imwe yezvitunha zveUukreni Front, izvo zvakaita kuti zvikwanisike kurwisa guta guru reYugoslavia kubva kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva.

Nenguva yaOctober 14, panguva yebasa reBelgrade, zviitiko zvakatevera zvakaitika:

• Chivako chegumi nembiri cheNAAIA chakatora masimba emigwagwa inoenda kune guta guru, riri kumaodzanyemba kweRwizi rwaSava;
• V Varindi Mechanized Corps vakaenda kuBelgrade ndokupinda muhondo mumhenderekedzo yayo;
• Iko 57th Army yakatanga kufambidzana neDanube, ichida kupinda muBelgrade nekukurumidza.

Mukuwedzera, musi wa16 Gumiguru kunyorera kwakasimwa muSedederevo neDanube Flotilla. Kunyange nekubatanidzwa kwemasimba makuru akadaro, kusunungurwa kwakakwana kweBelgrade kubva kumaNazi kwakaitika mazuva matanhatu chete mushure mokutanga kwekushanda. Chokwadi ndechekuti guta reGermany reguta raive nevanhu vanopfuura 20 000, avo vakange vane mabhuni nemazana makumi matatu nemakumi matatu, pamwe nematangi makumi mana. Uye, vachitonga nemirairo yepachivande yemurairo we Wehrmacht, ivo vose vaizoenda kuzobayira masimba ose aya kuitira kuti vave nechokwadi chekudzoka kwemazana-zviuru zveboka re "E" mauto.

Masoja akatora chikamu mubasa reBelgrade, uye kurasikirwa kweCCA neNoAI

Pasi peSoviet, iyo IV Guards Mechanized Corps, iyo 236th Rifle Division, iyo 73 uye 106 yeGurds Divisions, rimwe rinopesana nemagetsi ezvombo zvehondo, mabhuku akawanda, zvombo zvehondo uye zvigadziriswa zvombo zvekuzvidzivirira, uye zvitatu zvakasiyana zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvombo zvehondo zvinosanganisira kurwisa guta reYugoslav. Uyezve, basa reYugoslavia, iro rakapa zvikamu 8, pasina izvo kusunungurwa kwaBelgrade kwaigona kukweverwa kune dzimwe nguva, hazvigoni kutorwa. Munguva yekushanda, Red Army yakarasika vanopfuura 30 000 mauto nevatungamiriri vakakuvadzwa, vakaurayiwa uye vasisipo, avo vanenge vanenge 1 000 vanhu vakafa munzira dzakananga mumigwagwa yeguta racho. Panguva imwecheteyo, vakaurawa naNoaI munguva yekurohwa vakave va 2 953 vanozvipira.

Zvipfeko zvezvombo zvehondo zvaive nebasa rinokosha pakusunungura guta guru reYugoslavia

Rusununguko rweBelgrade (1944) rwakaitwa muchidimbu chikuru nekuda kwezviito zvakaitwa zveSoviet uye Yugoslav. Sezvatotaurwa, basa guru mune izvi rakagoverwa kune III III Ukrainian Front pasi pomurairo wa F. I. Tolbukhin, uye kunyanya 57th Army, iyo panguva iyoyo yakatungamirirwa naLieutenant-General N. A. Hagen. Pakati pevakuru veSoviet, tinofanirawo kutaurira Jenerali Zhdanov, uyo akarayira IV Guards Mechanized Corps uye akagamuchira zita reHero yeSoviet Union uye People's Hero yeYugoslavia mubasa reBelgrade. Kana iri murairo wezvikwata zveUNAIA uyo akapisa Belgrade, yakagoverwa Peko Dapchevic, uyo akaratidza unyanzvi hwake hwehutano kunyange panguva yeHondo yeVanhu muSpain.

Meded "Nekusunungurwa kweBelgrade"

Musi waJune 9, 1945, mubayiro wehurumende wakakosha wakagadzirirwa kukurudzira avo vakazviparadzanisa ivo muhondo dzeguta guru reYugoslavia. Akava Meded "Nekusunungurwa kweBelgrade", yakagamuchira vanenge 70 000 vanhu. Uyu mubairo inogara yakatenderedzwa yendarira ine mashizha e 3.2 cm, yakabatanidzwa neketani uye chikwata chine pentagonal shoe yakasara, iyo yakafukidzwa nebhandi reruvara rine ruvara rutsvuku mukati. Izvo zvakashata zvemu medal zvine chinyorwa chinyorwa che "Kuregererwa kweBelgrade", pamusoro pacho chiri nyeredzi nhatu. Mukuwedzera, chigadzirwa chemuorivhi chinoratidzwa pachidimbu . Kana iri reverse, kune zuva rekusununguko kweBelgrade, uye pamusoro pekunyorwa kwecho chinhu chiduku chinyorwa chechishanu. Izvo zvakagadziriswa nemapurisa zvakagadzirwa nemufananidzo AI Kuznetsov, inorayirwa kuti ifukidzwe kurutivi rworuboshwe rwechipfuva.

Mhemberero pamusangano wekupemberera kwemakore makumi manomwe ekusunungurwa kweBelgrade

Kunyange zvazvo tsika dzakasvibiswa panguva yechiitiko chekupedzwa kwechiGermany kushandiswa kweguta guru reSerbia kunoitwa musi waOctober 20, muna 2014 mhemberero dzaivepo mazuva mana zvisati zvaitika. Maererano nehurukuro yepamutemo, izvi zvakaitika nekuda kwekuti musi waOctober 16, 1944, mauto eSoviet akasunungura pakati peBelgrade. Mukuwedzera, mhizha iyi yakashuma kuti izvi zvakaitwa kuti zvive nechokwadi chokuti mhemberero dzaivepo neChrazidhendi weRussia Vladimir Putin.

Paradhiso "Mukana wekukunda" muBelgrade

Gumiguru 16, 2014 mumutauro weSerbian kwekutanga kokutanga kubva muna 1985 yakabata hondo yehondo. Nokudaro, zviremera zvenyika ino zvakasarudza kupemberera makore makumi manomwe ekusunungurwa kweBelgrade. Ichi chiitiko chakasvibiswa chaipinda nevanhu vanosvika zana nemakumi mashanu, vagari vakuru veSerbia naVetin. Mukuwedzera kune zvinyorwa zvezvikamu zveSerbian servicemen nemichina, vatyairi vechiRussia vanobva muboka reStrizhi vakaratidza unyanzvi hwavo mudenga pamusoro peBelgrade.

Nokudaro, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti kuedza kudzokorora nhoroondo yeEurope muzana remakore rapfuura munyaya yeSerbia haisi kubudirira, uye vanhu venyika ino vanoyeuka kufanana neSoviet musoja uyo akadzinga fiscist uye akasunungura Belgrade.