Kusunungurwa Kharkov kubva yechiFascist nechisimba

Hondo Kharkov aiva musoro uye kunokosha chaizvo pamusana anobudirira zviito mauto eSoviet panguva yacho Kursk kuzvimba. Last simba counterattack kuedza German akanga ichi chakakundikana, uye basa zvino yakanga vachiri kusunungurwa maindasitiri kumatunhu Ukraine, vanokwanisa kupa zvakawanda kuti kumberi.

akavhiyiwa mabasa

Tsamwisa muna Kharkov aiva pamberi yakawanda nematambudziko. Chinonyanya kukosha zvinogona kunzi kusikwa pakadarowo nokuda mberi kusunungurwa Left-Bank Ukraine vakawanda uye chidimbu maindasitiri Donbass (kwaiva mukana weimwe parutivi kurwiswa). Uyewo, zvinofanira ukabata chokufambisa kwezvivako rweguta (pane Airport fekitari Banga ndege), uye pakupedzisira kuti kurega zvimwe anoedza vaNazi pakaunda-kurwisa pokukundwa ari Kharkov boka (guru pakukura uye simba).

Sei Kharkov?

Nezvenyaya iyi, guta chakapiwa kwazvo kukosha? Mhinduro tinoiwana munhoroondo Kharkov, izvo sezvo XVIII remakore chaiva chikuru muzinda zveupfumi uye nemagariro noupenyu Sloboda Ukraine. Atova pakati XIX remakore guta rakanga kuchiteshi kutaura Moscow. Rakanga pano muna 1805 akazarura rokutanga kuUkraine, pari University dzazvino (Medieval Academy uye University reLviv muurongwa regai kuverenga), uye ipapo Polytechnic Institute.

Mugore pre-hondo nguva Kharkov aiva chikuru youinjiniya centre, yakapa 40% of zvibereko maindasitiri muUkraine, uye 5% - munyika yose. Saizvozvowo, paiva musayenzi uye michina zvinogona.

Paiva Pfungwa zvikonzero. Yakaitika Kharkov Congress of vokuSoviet, rakazivisa pokugadzwa Ukrainian Soviet Republic muna December 1917. Kusvikira 1934 guta raiva pamutemo guru Ukrainian SSR (unomiririra "yechiUkraine Soviet Socialist Republic", kwete ajaira mwana boomers, pane musiyano pakati abbreviations mumutauro wokuUkraine).

kumashure

Uye mativi German uye Soviet zvakakwana kunzwisisa zvinoreva Kharkov. Saka, njodzi guta munguva yehondo pakanga zvakaoma chaizvo. Kusunungurwa Kharkov muna 1943 - atova hondo wechina guta. Sei zvakatoitika? On ichi uye huchakurukurwa.

24-25 October 1941 vaNazi basa Kharkov chakaitwa. It varasikirwe zvishoma - kunetsekana nemigumisiro zvichangobva kukundwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye pedyo Kiev uye Uman ari bhaira, apo nazvo Soviet vaionekwa vari mazana ezviuru. Chasara muguta vaiva mumigodhi redhiyo raitungamirirwa (zvimwe Kuputika hunotevedzana akabudirira chaizvo), uye chinokosha chikamu maindasitiri midziyo vakakwanisa kubvisa kana kuparadza.

Asi mukupera muchirimo 1942, murayiro Soviet akaita vachiedza torazve guta. The tsamwisa akanga kubikwa (pasina muhondo-vakagadzirira reserves), uye guta vakauya zvakare pasi kudzorwa Red Army kwemazuva mashomanana. The oparesheni kubvira 12 kusvika 29 May ndokuguma muboka hombe yakapoteredza Soviet mauto uye dzavo kukundwa zvizere.

Chechitatu kuedza akaitwa mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka. Kunyange munguva Hondo Stalingrad of kwakadziva kumadokero Front akatanga zvaigumbura akavhiyiwa muna Donbass. Mushure Kuregwa Paurosi mapoka ari kurwisa vakatamira Voronezh Front. In February akatora mugove Kursk uye Belgorod, uye rechi16 ose akabatwa Kharkov.

With urongwa pfungwa huru dzinotambudza counteroffensive akavhiyiwa ( "paShushani", iro yakaguma panguva Kursk kuzvimba), hurumende German havana kugamuchira kurasikirwa kwakadaro chinokosha chokufambisa nomusimboti, sezvo Kharkov. March 15, 1943 nokuda SS mapoka maviri (uye musafunga kuti vanongova vaJudha vakakwanisa kuzoposhera nokupisa Katyn -! SS vaiva vepamusoro pahondo Hitler), guta rakanga kuzodzosera akabatwa.

Kana muvengi asingadi kuzviisa ...

Asi muna July, aHitler pakaunda-tsamwisa urongwa chakakona; murayiro Soviet aiva kuvaka pamusoro kubudirira. Tsamwisa muna Kharkov kuonekwa sezvo zvinokosha remangwana pamberi okuguma Hondo Kursk. Kana achironga kuuya kusunungurwa Kharkov akakurukura chikuru mubvunzo: kana kuita kuvhiyiwa zvakatipoteredza kana kuparadzwa navavengi?

Vakasarudza kurova pakaparadzwa - kwezvakatipoteredza zvaida nguva yakawanda. Hungu, vakabudirira sowakajeka pana Stalingrad, asi mberi mukufamba tsamwisa hondo, Red Army akarwawo kamwe zvakare nayo chete kumavambo 1944, panguva Battle of Korsun-Cherkassy Pocket. Panguva iyoyowo, vanorwisa Kharkov, murayiro Soviet kunyange nemaune vakasiya "mukoridho" kuti anongoerekana reNazi mauto - kupedzisa navo mumunda waiva nyore.

Pano nhasi - aenda mangwana

Muzhizha 1943 muhondo Kursk yakazadzika, uye mumwe dzinonakidza inokosha zvokurangana, iyo yakava rudzi "Chip" of Red Army. It kunoratidzwa kushandisa imwe zvakohwewa nezvakanga zvakakwana simba akasiyana nzvimbo pane chikamu kwenguva nechemberi. Somugumisiro, muvengi akamanikidzwa chipatapata kukanda reserves dzavo pamusoro madaro marefu. Asi haana kuwana nguva yokuita izvozvo, sezvo kurwisa yakanga yakasiyana nzvimbo, uye kurwisana uri kuramba tichishanda hunhu rokutanga chikamu.

Saka yakanga Hondo Kharkov. Nebasa Soviet mauto ari Donbas uye kuchamhembe muromo Kursk kuzvimba akamanikidza vaNazi uchatamisa mauto kubva Kharkov. Unogona kurwisa.

Mauto vemapato

Kudivi Soviet vanhu nevarwi Voronezh Front (Mutungamiriri - Army General Vatutin) uye inowanzorimwa (wavarwi - Colonel-General Konev) fronts. Murayiro tsika kunenge kuzviisa pasi zvikamu mumwe mberi kune imwe kuti zvakawanda ndaisagona kushandiswa. Kufambisa panguva Kharkov, Donetsk uye Orel pakutungamirira Marshal Vasilevsky.

In nemauto fronts rakanga 5 Guards Mauto (kusanganisira 2 tangi) uye Air Force. Izvi zvinoratidza kukosha vasiyana nokushanda. On mugove pamberi akasarudzwa kuti budiriro akasikwa unprecedentedly yakakwirira yevasungwa uye atirari michina, izvo nokukurumidza kugamuchira mamwe pfuti, kuzvicheka-propelled pfuti uye tangi T-34 uye RB-1. Zvakanzi zvekare akandwe nharaunda tsamwisa atirari Corps of Bryansk Front. 2 Army akanga chengetedza vachiriita.

Kubva German kuzvidzivirira ruoko vakabata hondo inifanduri uye tangi, uye 14 inifanduri uye 4 tangi kupesana. Gare gare, pashure kutanga kushandiswa, vaNazi pakarepo zvaitambidzwa nzvimbo chisimbiso dzaro Bryansk Front uye Mius. Pakati vavabatsire izvi zvakadai anozivikanwa zvidimbu se "Totenkompf", "Viking", "Das Reich". Kubva yaHitler vatungamiri uye zviitiko zvine chokuita hondo akapoteredza Kharkov, zvakanakisisa kuzivikanwa Manstein.

Mutungamiri kubva kare

The chikuru Chikamu Kharkov inokosha oparesheni - chaizvoizvo Belgorod-Kharkov tsamwisa oparesheni - akagashira bumbiro remitemo zita - ". Operation Rumyantsev" Panguva Great Patriotic War Soviet Union akaramba kupararira tsika kare wakakwana distancing kubva "youmambo" kare munyika. Zvino munhau yeRussia kutsvaka mienzaniso kuti ichatikurudzira vanhu kurwa uye kuhwina. Zita kuvhiyiwa kuzosunungura Kharkov - kubva munzvimbo iyi. Nyaya haisi chete - kushanda musi kusunungurwa Belarus Unonzi "Bagration", uye nguva pfupi asati zviitiko Kharkov ari kuchamhembe muromo Kursk kuzvimba "Operation Kutuzov" akanga akatakurwa kunze.

Kuzorarama Kharkov!

Zvinoita zvakanaka, asi kuita izvozvo zvakanga zvisingaiti. The Hurongwa akadana chifukidziro kutanga guta mberi zviyero, akusunungurirei nzvimbo yakakura kumaodzanyemba uye nechokuchamhembe Kharkov, uye ipapo andobata yaimbova guru Ukraine.

The zita "Rumyantsev" rinoshandiswa huru chikamu oparesheni - chaiko zvazvinoita Kharkov. Belgorod-Kharkov akatanga kushanda August 3, 1943, uye kare musi 2 aHitler Panzer mapoka vaiva "muhari" pasi Tomarovka. 5 nechemberi inowanzorimwa kurwa zvaisanganisira mu Belgorod. Nekuti nomusi iwoyo hondo Bryansk Front paaimhanyisana Eagle, akacherechedza Kubudirira uku hwemoto muMoscow. Rakanga wokutanga kukunda sarupu munguva Great Patriotic War.

August 6 mashandiro "Rumyantsev" rakanga chipatapata, Matangi Soviet yakaguma kubvisa muvengi Tomarovskaya bhaira uye akakurudzira Zolochev. The guta vakasvika usiku, uye rakanga chigadzikiso. Matangi vakanga vanyerere, pamwe headlights kure. Kana kutema mugomba hope muguta, vakatendeuka ndaasvinira nokukurumidza zvizere, kurwiswa kushamisa vakatsunga kubudirira Belgorod-Kharkov oparesheni. Humwe mishumo Kharkiv akaramba mberi musi Bogoduhov uye kutanga hondo kuti Akhtyrka.

Panguva iyoyowo chikamu Southern uye South-Western Fronts yakatanga inogumbura muna Donbas, mberi akananga Voronezh Front. It haabvumirwi uchatamisa pasi vaNazi Kharkiv vavabatsire. August 10 rakatorwa pamusoro achishandisa njanji mutsetse Kharkov - Poltava. VaNazi vakaedza counterattack munharaunda Bogodukhov uye Akhtyrka (wakapindwa dzemauto SS), asi migumisiro vaiva pakaunda-kurwisa nzira - kumisa kufambira mberi Soviet, vakasagona.

zvakare tsvuku

August 13 German mutsetse kudzivirira yakatyoka zvakananga panguva Kharkov. Mazuva matatu gare gare Kurwisana kare pamusoro kweguta, asi mauto eSoviet mberi kwete kutsanya sezvataizoda - German kuzvidzivirira vakanga vakasimba chaizvo. Uyezve, kurwisa of Voronezh Front yakanonoka nokuda zviitiko pa Akhtyrka. Asi 21 nechemberi vakatangazve kurwisa, akundwe Akhtyrsky boka, uye 22, vokuGermany vakatanga Kuregedzesa kubva Kharkov nhengo dzayo.

Pamutemo zuva kusunungurwa Kharkov - August 23, apo uto eSoviet wadzikamisa chikuru cheguta. Zvisinei, kudzvinyirira ari kurwisa mapoka nomumwe muvengi uye kubviswa ake namafuro vakaramba kusvikira yechi30 zuva. Complete kusunungurwa Kharkov kubva yechiFascist nechisimba kwakaitika musi iwoyo. On August 30, guta akaronga zororo pachiitiko Liberation. Mumwe vakokwa rukudzo raiva ramangwana vakawanda munyori N. S. Hruschev.

rusununguko magamba

Sezvo Kharkov oparesheni zvakabatanidzwa zvikuru, hurumende haina stint pamusoro mubayiro kuna vechikamu. Several zvikamu sezvo honorary rokuremekedza vasiyana mazita avo mashoko "Belgorod" uye "Kharkiv". Masoja uye vakuru vehurumende mibayiro akaparadzirwa. Asi pano iye Kharkiv zita Hero City haana paakavapa. Vanoti, Stalin akafunga naro nokuti kuti pakupedzisira vasununguke guta rakanga chete kuedza wechina.

183rd Infantry Division anekodzero musoro "kaviri-Kharkov". Yakanga kumasoja weboka ichi pakutanga akapinda chikuru cheguta (nayo. Dzerzhinsky) uye musi February 16 uye August 23, 1943.

Excellent rakazviratidza muhondo pana Kharkov Soviet Stormoviks "Petlyakov" uye kunozivikanwa tangi T-34. Kunyange zvakadaro - avaindipa, kusanganisira vanachiremba of Kharkov Tractor Plant! Anobviswa kuChelyabinsk, chete chirimwa muna 1943 akatanga vakawanda kugadzirwa Matangi (zvino - kuChelyabinsk Tractor Plant).

husingaperi ndangariro

Hondo pasina kurasikirwa zvikasaitika, uye nhoroondo inosimbisa Kharkov. The guta rakanga chakasuruvara utungamiri panyaya iyi. Soviet nezvinhu pasi guta rino vaiva rinonyatsooneka iri yose Great Patriotic War. Chokwadi, zvinonzwisiswa Verengai dzinokwana zvose hondo mana. Kusunungurwa guta uye nzvimbo dzakapoteredza munopfuura zviuru 71. Upenyu.

Asi Kharkov akapona, uye akavaka nguva refu akanga achiri kushanda nemaoko ake uye vanoenda kune chimwe Motherland kukuru ... Zvino guta achine mukana ...