Ice kudii Kornilov hondo. Ice March of Volunteer Army

The echimurenga zvakaitika muRussia kubva February kusvika October 1917, anenge aparadza kweumambo hukuru uye kwakaita kuti swagger of Civil War. Kuona ezvinhu akaoma kudaro munyika, zvisaririra wehondo yamambo vakasarudza zvinobatana zvavaiita kudzorera yakavimbika simba kuti aite zvechiuto chiito kwete pamusoro Bolsheviks chete, asiwo kuti kudzivirira Motherland pamusoro encroachments nechitarisiko murwisi.

Paumbwe Volunteer Army

Kubatanidzwa nomumwe rinowanzoberekera pahwaro inonzi Alexis sangano, kutanga kwebasa izvo inowira pazuva kusvika zvavo. Zvaiva nokukudzwa kwake uye mubatanidzwa uyu ainzi. chiitiko ichi chakaitika muna Novocherkassk 2 (15) November 1917

vhiki nhanhatu gare gare, muna December wegore iroro, musangano unokosha akanga aunganidzwa. Rakanga akapindwa wevatariri of Moscow inotungamirirwa vakuru veuto. Chaizvoizvo, mubvunzo uri kuparadzira kuedzesera basa revarwi pakati Kornilov uye Alekseev. Somugumisiro, kwakasarudzwa kuti simba zvizere muchiuto kupfuura kubva pakutanga vemauto. Inotungamirwa zvikamu uye vave zvizere rwisana nokugadzirira akanzi kuna General Staff, inotungamirirwa refutenendi-General S. L. Markov.

Panguva Christmas nguva mauto akazivisa kuti vabatane murayiro wehondo General Kornilov. Kubvira nayo pamutemo zvakazivikanwa sezvo Volunteer.

Mamiriro ari Don

Hapana chakavanzika kuti yakanga ichangotangwa Army pamusoro General Kornilov kudiwa kutsigira Don Cossacks. Asi haana kumbowana. Uyezve Bolsheviks vakatanga tsonyera rin'i akapoteredza maguta Rostov uye Novocherkassk, uye Volunteer Army akanga kumhanyira mukati kwaari, nepaaigona tichidzivisa uye kutambura husingagumi varasikirwa. Dzarasika kutsigira Don Cossacks, Mutungamiriri varwi General Kornilov, 9 (22) On February Don vakasarudza kusiya uye kuenda musha Olginskaya. Saka akatanga Ice March 1918.

The vakasiya Rostov vazhinji yunifomu, mabara anoshongwa, uyewo vanachiremba zvitoro uye mudonzvo - zvose kuti hondo diki saka aifanira anorinda nzira kuguta. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti apo hapana Alekseev kana Kornilov asati akarwawo kune kumanikidzwa kuunganidza uye kutorerwa pfuma.

musha Olginskaya

Ice March of Volunteer Army akatanga nokubatanidzwazve kwayo. Patakasvika mumusha Olginskaya, mauto akanga muzvikamu 3 inifanduri hondo: remagandanga, Kornilov kurohwa nehana uye pivot-mukuru. Mazuva mashoma gare gare vazvipiri akasiya musha uye vakatamira kune Ekaterinodar. Rakanga wokutanga Kuban Ice rutsigiro, vakatora nzvimbo kuburikidza Chomutov, Kagalnitskaya uye Egorlykskaya musha. Army zvishoma akapinda mundima Stavropol dunhu, uye ipapo kuzodzosera akapinda Kuban mudunhu. Mumazana nzira kwayo vazvipiri vanongogara zviitiko musazonetsanazve nezvombo pamwe Red Army. Zvishoma nezvishoma Kornilovites pemisara thinned, uye zuva nezuva vakava zvishoma uye zvishoma.

chisingatombotarisirwi nhau

1 (14) On March Red Army paaimhanyisana Ekaterinodar. Zuva risati, Colonel VLPokrovsky nemauto ake vakasiya guta, iro riri chaizvo omesa zvakatoitika pane akaoma ezvinhu vakazvipira. Nerunyerekupe kuti Mavara yavaibatisa Ekaterinodar kuna Kornilov yakasvika raitevera zuva, apo mauto akanga ari Settlement yemapurisa, asi havana kuzviita zvikuru kukosha. Pashure 2 Mazuva mumusha Korenovskaya iyo vakatora nevazvipiri somugumisiro hondo yaityisa, vakawana imwe wamakamuri pepanhau yeSoviet. Ikoko, akaudzwa kuti Bolsheviks zvechokwadi akatora Ekaterinodar.

Vakagamuchira mashoko devalued zvachose Kuban Ice rutsigiro, panguva iyo chinhu rwakabhadharwa mazana hwevanhu. General Kornilov vakasarudza kutungamirira hondo yake Ekaterinodar nokudzokera kumaodzanyemba uye kuyambuka Kuban. Akaronga kuzorora mauto ake Circassian mumisha nemisha gomo Cossack uye zvishoma vakavandira. Chisarudzo ichi Kornilov, Denikin akadana "chinouraya chikanganiso" uye, pamwe chete Romanovsky vakaedza hondo mukuru asingashumbi ichi. Asi mukuru waiva mupfungwa.

batanidza mauto

Usiku kubva 5 kusvika 6 March Kornilov Army Ice chirongwa akaramba ari southerly negwara. Pashure 2 Mazuva, vazvipiri akayambuka Elbe uye akaenda Maikop, asi zvikazooneka kuti munharaunda ino, purazi neimwe inofanira kutorwa kurwa. Naizvozvo, mukuru payakakurudzirwa akatendeuka kumavirira uye akayambuka rwizi White, vakamhanyira Circassian auls. Pano, wakatarisira kwete chete kuti zororo mauto ake, asi kubatanidza pamwe Kuban mauto Pokrovsky.

Asi sezvo achangopfuura mashoko pamusoro kwebasa Volunteer Army konoro haana, akarega kuedza kupaza kuna Maikop. Basil akasarudza kuenda Kuban River uye anobatana varwi Kornilov, uyo akanga atova kutiza ikoko. Somugumisiro nenyonganyonga iyi, mauto maviri - Kuban uye Volunteer - kuedza kuwana mumwe chero. Pakupedzisira, musi waMarch 11, vakabudirira.

Village Novodmitrievskaya: Ice kudii

Maiva muna March 1918. Wakarwadzisa makiromita zuva nezuva anofamba uye hondo vakashaisa mauto akanga kuenda kuburikidza pasi viscous dema, sezvo okunze akaerekana akatendeuka zvakaipa, kwakatanga kunaya. Akanga yakatsiviwa chando, saka kuzvimba kubva mvura masoja yunifomu vava sezvariri -oma. Uyezve, rinooneka kutonhora mumakomo uye akadonhedza rakawanda chando. The tembiricha kwakadonha kuna -20 ⁰S. Sezvo akazoudza vechikamu uye zvapupu zviitiko, vakakuvadzwa vakanga zvifambiswe pamusoro ngoro, manheru aifanira kuwana kure pamwe bayonets vakaumba vakavapoteredza achishandisa gobvu chando goko.

Ndinofanira kutaura kuti top izvozvo zvose, pakati March, pakanga pachine utsinye kusangana kuti vakaburukira sezvo hondo munhau mumusha Novodmitrievskaya apo kunyanya vanokudzwa varwi Summary-vakuru chehondo. Gare gare, pasi pomusoro unoti "Ice March" vakatanga kunzwisisa hondo iyi, uyewo chakapfuura uye kumutevera pamusoro kuchinja akafukidzwa chando goko inowanzorimwa.

Kusaina chesungano

Mushure hondo mumusha Novodmitrievskoy mauto inotungamirwa, kuti Kuban anga aronga kuti dzairitaura muna Volunteer Army kodzero kuzvimirira uto. Mukutsinhana, vakavimbisa kubatsira replenishment uye zvitengeswa mauto. On ezvinhu akadaro pakarepo akabvuma General Kornilov. Ice nhimbe mberi, uye simba rehondo yawedzera 6 zviuru. Man.

Vazvipiri vakasarudza kamwe zvakare kuenda guru Kuban - Ekaterinodar. Nepo mudonzvo vakuru kwakashanda zano kushanda, mauto reshape uye akazorora pavairwa kubvisa dzakawanda yokurwiswa Bolsheviks.

Ekaterinodar

Ice kudii Kornilov Army kwava pedyo kupera. March 27 (April 9) Vazvipiri akayambuka rwizi. Kuban uye simbi dutu Ekaterinodar. City akarwira 20000th hondo tsvuku, akarayira Sorokin uye kuzvionera. Kuedza vabate Ekaterinodar akakundikana, uyezve, pashure 4 Mazuva nokuda mumwe anomboitika kurongwa goko akaurayiwa General Kornilov. mabasa ake vakatora pamusoro Denikin.

Ndinofanira kutaura kuti Volunteer Army akarwa zvizere ezvinhu pamwe pevane ezvinhu akawanda nguva Red Army mauto. Loss zvino Denikin vakanga vanenge mazana 4 vakauraya uye 1.5 zviuru. Akakuvadzwa. Asi, pasinei neizvi, mukuru zvisinei vakakwanisa kutora hondo kubva nharaunda yacho River Don.

April 29 (May 12) pamwe vakasara Denikin mauto ake akauya rwezasi Don nharaunda kuti nharaunda Walk-Borisovka - Mechetinsky - Egorlytskaya, uye zuva rakatevera kungofamba Ice Kornilov, uyo akazova ngano yacho White kufamba, rakapera.

Siberian iitike

Winter 1920 pasi yakakuwandira nomuvengi akatanga shure of Eastern Front, akarayira Admiral Kolchak. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti oparesheni iyi akatora nzvimbo, uyewo kungofamba mauto Kornilov raMwari, pasi yakaomesesa okunze uye okunze. Equestrian kwidza kureba vanenge 2 zviuru. Km kumhanya munzira pamusoro Novonikolaevsk uye Barnaul uye Chita. Akanzi "The Siberian Ice Mushandirapamwe" pakati varwi White Army.

Uku kwakaoma November 14, 1919 akatanga, kana chikamu White Army akasiya Omsk. Mauto inotungamirirwa V. O. Kappelya vakadzokera shure pedyo Trans-Siberian Railway, akatakura echelons vakuvara. Chaizvoizvo achangopfuura pavo dzingirira Red Army. Uyezve, zvinhu zvatowedzera kuoma vakawanda nemhirizhonga, kuvheneka neshure, uyewo aizotambudzazve zvikwata siyana uye mapoka emagandanga. Kusvikira kumusoro zvose, riri chakawedzerwa zvakare lyutymi Siberian frosts.

Apo njanji aidzora Czechoslovak Corps, saka General Kappel mauto vaimanikidzwa kusiya motokari uye kutamira kune Sled. Pashure paizvozvo, vakuru White Army rava Rafa kukura sleigh mudungwe wemabhazi.

Kana nevachena vakasvika Krasnoyarsk, guta vakamukira ravarwi pasi murayiro Gen. Bronislaw Zinevych uyo akayanana Bolsheviks. He Kappel akakurudzira kuzviitawo, asi akarambidzwa. Pakutanga January 1920 akatora nzvimbo skirmishes shoma, pashure iyo vanopfuura zviuru 12. Nevachena akapota Krasnoyarsk, ndokuyambuka rwizi Yenisei akaenda kumabvazuva. Inenge chete nhamba masoja vakasarudza kupira guta ravarwi.

Achisiya Krasnoyarsk, uto yakakamurwa pembiru. First akarayira K. Sakharov, ane mauto kufamba njanji makwara uye Siberian penzira. Mbiru yechipiri akaramba guta rinotungamirirwa Ice Kappel. Yaaifamba kutanga ichitevedza Yenisei River, uye ipapo pamwe rwizi Kan. Uku kwaiva chinonetsa uye ngozi. Chokwadi chokuti p. Kang akazadza marongera echando uye pasi payo inotubuka oma zvinyorwa. Uye 35 madhigirii pazasi razero! Mauto aifanira kufamba famba murima uye kuramba kuwira buri chando, zvachose asingaoneki pasi chando mukobvu. Vazhinji vavo ndakadaro uye akaramba akarara, uye navamwe kuhondo mberi.

Panguva uku, ndakaona kuti General Kappel frostbitten tsoka dzake, akawira mukazviita gavakava. Iye akavhiyiwa kuti gumbo kudimurwa chakaitwa. Uyezve, kubva hypothermia, iye akarwara nemabayo. In pemwedzi January 1920 White akakunda Kansk. romwedzi iwoyo Twenty-kutanga, Mutongi yeRussian Bolsheviks Kolchak Czechs vakaburitsa. Pashure 2 kwemazuva, kare kufa mukuru Kappel akaunganidzawo zano Army Staff. Kwakasarudzwa kutora Irkutsk dutu osunungura Kolchak. January 26 Kappel akafa uye Ice chirongwa rinotungamirirwa General Wojciechowski.

Sezvo kukwidziridzwa pamusoro White Army muna Irkutsk yakanga yakati kunonoka nokuda kugara kurwa, akatora mukana Lenin, uyo akapa murayiro kupfura Kolchak. Akaurayiwa ari 7 February. Kudzidza uku, mukuru mukuru akaramba Wojciechowski iyo ava maturo Irkutsk kurwisa. Pashure paizvozvo, mauto ake akayambuka Baikal uye panguva yemapurisa. Mysovaya dzakatakura vakadzi vose vakakuvadzwa, vanorwara uye nevana vari zvitima. Vamwe vakaramba ravo Great Siberian Ice March kuna Chita, riri makiromita anenge mazana matanhatu. Sezvo vapinda muguta pakutanga March 1920.

Apo chaishanda aitarisira, General Wojciechowski pave mubairo mutsva - ". Nokuti Great Siberian kutevedzana" Vakanga paakavapa vose aimbotaurawo navatariri nayo uye masoja. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti chiitiko ichi kare makore mashoma apfuura akayeuchidza zvakajeka nhengo mimhanzi boka "Kalinov Bridge". "Ice March" - raiva zita ane Album zvachose vakazvitsaurira kuna shure wehondo Kolchak kuSiberia.