Sei kubatanidzwa France: zvinokonzera, nzendo. aiva anokumhan'arira yeidzi French Who

Middle Ages, zvishoma nezvishoma asi zvirokwazvo cracking walnut pasi feudal kusabatana. Empire raibudirira uye yakadhirika. The moto uye matambudziko akaberekwa kunzwisisa kuti kusaroora inoda nechepakati simba hwakasimba. Saizvozvowo, anononoka uye zvakaoma, pane mumwe wesangano France. Munyika zvokurima akakura uye yakasimbisa guta, kwakakwana pamwe pakutengeserana. Sei aiva French Association, akaudza munyaya ino.

Muchiuru chemakore chokutanga

Rechipfumbamwe remakore hwogumisa umambo Karla Velikogo. It putswa yakafanana ndiro pasi - zvidimbu zvidiki. Mumwe nezvimedu izvi - nyika yokumadokero mafranc - yaiva umambo, apo vakagamuchira zvizvarwa Emperor Karla Velikogo ushe - Carolingian hwedzinza simba, kwakaratidzwa degeneration yacho chisimbiso. Royal simba panguva vasingagoni kunyange kunzi simba - kwakanga rakapotsa pasina simba. Ndiani aiva anokumhan'arira yeidzi French? Ndechokuti nguva.

Paakafa, wokupedzisira Carolingian, zvose France vakwane iri musaga romufudzi - chiduku chigamba kubva Ile-de-France pamwe munyika Orleans uye Paris. Muna 987 mambo akazodzwa Gugo Kapet. Sezvingatarisirwa, kana Hugo kana zvimwe Capet pachigaro choushe France haana kufanana ichi mamiriro ezvinhu, apo vatongi vari pasi pavo - the nashe pamusoro Normandy Somuenzaniso, vava kwete mupfumi kupfuura madzimambo, asi simba kupfuura ivo kanoverengeka. Ko pangava nezvimwe zvikonzero kubatana weFrance?

Capet

Akatsungirira wokutanga Capet pachigaro choushe, zviri chaizvoizvo vakadengezera rimwe gumbo, asi dzivisai, kurarama, kunova kwakasimba, uye aitonga kusvikira 1328, nguva dzose priraschivaya nzvimbo uye pavaisangana vatongi vari pasi. mhuri A utano kwazvo kwenguva refu, izvo zvavakatemwa ari chamazuva huru negwaro. Oldest vanakomana kazhinji korona zvakawanda hwavo, saka kutsivana nharo haana zvaitika.

Chokwadi, "mhuri yose ine makwai wayo dema," kwete vose Capet vanoratidza romubati vatongi. Zvisinei, izvi zvinofanira kukurukurwa tisingazvinyeperi. Sei songaniro French pasi iro ezvinhu? The Ages nyika iri saka zvakasiyana uye hakukuringani chero kutanga kuti zvinoshamisa, sezvo nhaka (wamambo achazoburuka) akakwanisa kuwedzera zvikuru. Kubudirira yeidzi French rokutanga zvakarurama Unsubscribe Capet.

vavengi simba

Padikidiki kukwanisa kubhadhara Louis VI baronial kumukira, achitora sezvo mutemo kutsigira nominees vanhu, achivapa kunyange soro voruzhinji hofisi dzemaitirwe kuti kuvimbika ramangwana; chete akavakazve chechi yekare Carolingian pakutanga Gothic zvechokwadi cloister pamusoro Saint-Denis, achitora panze uye pari mubatsiri Abbe Suger, muna Normandy akazviratidza Duke William. Hongu, ndiye - Mukundi.

Enyika mamiriro rokupedzisira kumugumo rakaoma nokuda nevaMedhiya England naWilliam muna 1066. Sezvo muranda wamambo French, William pachake akava mambo - uye mambo zvikuru simba zvikuru pamba, kukura zvakasimba panguva dzakakwirira zvikuru mwero kupfuura Capet. Henry II akanga atova aiva "Mini-Angevin Empire", achiva mubati England, Normandy, Anjou, Aquitania uye dzakawanda hunoumba zvakawanda France ano. Chinonyanya kunetsa ndechokuti kana tikakumbira akanga ane anokumhan'arira kuti kubatana wokuFrance, achafanira kupindura - vatongi vari pasi pavo pachavo.

Young, asi mangwanani

Gumi Korol Kuvshinov II akatora vasingaratidzi kuti kururamisa izvi. Very akangwara, raschotliv uye dzimwe nguva kunyange nokuda mabhizimisi kushandiswa chakaipa, aiva mumwe kupfuura murwere uye kure vanoratidzika Middle enyika. Pasina Philip Augustus pakuzivikanwa. Mumwe akanga ane anokumhan'arira kuti kubatana wokuFrance, akava muvengi wamambo.

Chisarudzo vatorwa mutemo chaiva chokuunganidza munyika rounding ndima, dzomunyika - kumisa pachayo yakawanikwa. Philip zvakafanana zvakanaka yakakunda kuti, uye nevamwe. Mairi makanga akasiyana-siyana matarenda - mutungamiri mukuru, ane manomano Wenyika uye vakachenjera muparamende uye maneja mukuru wakasimuka vaduku, asi kwete zvisikwa kusimba.

Philip pamusoro England

Henry II, Mambo weEngland, Normandy, uye mazita anopfuurira, zvakaoma yakarohwawo mutongi mutsva France. Pasinei chokwadi kuti pakati masimba maviri akanga akapedzisa mubatanidzwa, Philip vanonakidzwa saka zvinobudirira kuti vanakomana Henry vagadzikana chaizvo Angevin umambo kugara nokumukirana.

Musi akatsiva Henry - Richard I - ini yakura nokuda nguva Philip chivande akakundikana, asi akatendeuka ushamwari uye vadyi kushingirira. Asi anotevera gavhuna - John Landless akakwanisa kugadzirisa nekukurumidza, nyore nyore uye vade kurasikirwa. Chinangwa sangano French nezvaizoitika.

First Philip akapa John Kutongerwa kupondwa womunun'una wake, Arthur, zvisinei, uyo, akafa pasi inoshamisa chaizvo ezvinhu. John haana kuzviratidza. Zvino Firipi akatora pfuma yake yose, vaiva pamusoro yakaoma, nokuti kutyora mhiko yokuvimbika.

Pashure pemakore mana hondo uye pashure pokukundwa vokuBritain muna 1214, Philippe akabatana French nyika Normandy, kwete chete, asiwo Anjou, uye Kuwedzera zvinoverengeka munzvimbo dziri kuchamhembe. Ndivo Kubudirira yeidzi French rokutanga.

kushingirira

The Albigensians vakanga mafaro vanhu. Pope ari pakarepo haana kufanana: kuti troubadours, Knights, vananyanduri zvakajeka kuchizvivanza manyepo, kana kutaura kuti Jehovha haana-zvakanaka zvose uye ane simba rose. Pakati Albigensian manyepo zvakakangwa akawanda enyika kumaodzanyemba France - Toulouse, Languedoc, Provence. Mudare Count Raymond pamusoro muToulouse akaunganidza kupfuura unyanzvi uye chinopenya vanhu nguva yake.

French North ari kudaidzwa raPapa akafamba pamusoro Albigenses. Asi Firipi, Zvichakadai, akasimbisa muganhu wokuchamhembe, apo vatongi vari pasi ake rikanyuramo tsika Languedoc ropa.

Faith NaAmai Pauline Kabanzi vaiva hwokunyanyisa, uye makaro akabatsira zvikuru. Southern Region uye, kunyanya, ari Languedoc - kuparadzwa uye aurayiwa, zvakare, akauya pasi pesimba France. Philip Zvisinei, ichi haasisina kuwanikwa. By 1224 kushingirira mugumisiro rwaiwanikwa, sezvo danho rinotevera munzira France nokuwadzana.

Maererano kwawakabva vaMambo Philip Augustus wokuFrance kunogona kurondwa tichibatanidza matanho. Uyezve, zvakanaka pfungwa yaiva nokusimbaradza uye nenzvimbo chete simba uye kugadzwa ane zvakarurama coherent uye inoshanda administrative hurongwa. Asi zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Firipi asingadi vasade kubudirira pazvinangwa zvavo.

remakore nematatu

St. Louis akatonga France kubvira 1226 kusvika 1270. Aizivikanwa somunhu wakazvipira uye akachenjera, akaremekedzwa somusande nekereke yeRoma. Kakawanda akashanda se mugoveri pakati litigation pakati madzimambo, asi somunhu anotyisa crusader kubatsira mubatanidzwa France haana kurasikirwa kumbobvira akasimbisa kwazvo wamambo simba.

France kana maruva kunyika yakanaka, kwetsika centre, izvo rinoramba muEurope uye munyika yose nhasi. Zvino pasi bapiro akachenjera mambo vakadirana vachibva zvose pamusoro zvakanakisisa nyanzvi, troubadours, uye vanyori. Vakanga kuvakwa kwazvo machechi ose Chartres, Amiens uye Reims. Heano mazano mubatanidzwa kwakaitika France paitonga St. Louis.

Pasinei utsvene hwake ramangwana, neRoma panguva Louis IX kumhuka ukama yakaoma. Muna 1269 akabudisa Pragmatic mvumo, izvo akasunungura France kubva yesosaiti uye zvipo zviri Roman papfuma uye akazivisa kuzvimirira wekereke French kubva chechi yeRoma. Nezviito Pope Innocent IV, Louis mhaka zvakasimba.

Philip IV Fair, uye rudzi-mamiriro

Muzukuru St. Louis aigona kunzi Philip kusatendeseka. Asi vaiona yakanaka. Beauty aiva nehana hwakasimba. Pachena, zvakawanda nokuda Philip rokutonga raiva nguva kwokuderera feudal simba, nokudaro achisimbisa poumambo munyika, chii akabudirira. Basa madzitateguru avo munzira dzose, akaenda, kure sezvinobvira. Zvinokonzera songaniro French haazoregi. Philippe kugadzirira nyika nokuda accession ndima itsva.

Enyika, mambo uyu rakakunda utsinye uye utsinye. Kwakadaro vaiva nemamiriro ezvinhu enyika yaitonga. Asi pano unonakidza chokwadi: mangwanani chirikadzi, akaroora zvakare, akatendeka nyakufa naye. Kunoita pamwe vazhinji kunyange vachizvipa vavariro yake. Zvokukura kubatana weFrance uye pashure Firipi Kutonga haana kugumira ipapo. Izvi akatora rinenge rose nguva yeMiddle Ages.

The simba rechiFrench pasi Firipi akasimbiswa Europe, kunyange kubva nazvo - hondo Flanders uye kurohwa pamusoro Templars - nyika uye uto raro kugamuchira Dip zvakanaka, achiwedzera kuti bhajeti uye nezvombo. Zvakare kwakamuka kupesana pamwe British added France Gascogne - nhaka Edward I. Flanders pazvisina kubata. Asi pano Ndiyo Pope Boniface VIII, Philip, kunyange asungwa. Zvino wokuFrance vakakundikana vasanangurwa Papa Clement V, uyo akatamira pamusha kubva kuRoma Avignon. Zvakanga kukunda hombe, sezvo pane mumwe wesangano France - kana kwete munharaunda yakakura, asi National uye confessional.

Zvakabuda yeidzi France

Zvishoma nezvishoma ndakatanga kuumba mutauro nevakawanda, saka anofamba vomuSouth vakatanga kunzwa vanhu chete. Created zvakanaka mamiriro ezvinhu kukura tsika, unyanzvi rikabudirira, simbisai dzidzo.

Asi chete pamugumo XV remakore, France akakwanisa kuwana zvose zviri munhu centralized umambo. Under Louis XI akapfuura refu kuchinja uye kuchinja. Cities vaiva asingachaiti kuhondo. Vatongi vari pasi vakakwanisa kutenga nzira dzavo rechiuto. Uto mari vakava, naye akanga zavedon mutero chaiwo.

It anomuchinja anenge zvose hurumende yaitonga. Relations nedzimwe nyika dzave zvibvire chete pamusoro - yamambo - padanho vatongi vari pasi hakubvumidzwi.

Mitero vava zvachose. Paiva machinda kushandisa upfumi zvose izvi. General States arega kuunganidzwa. vatorwa vakanga vakokwa kuti pave indasitiri akonzera kuti kukura mumaguta uye kutengeserana.