Tsarskoye tiiviste Lyceum Imperial: wokutanga vadzidzi, nomukurumbira kudzidza, nhoroondo

Most kunozivikanwa sangano Russian Imperial Tsarskoye tiiviste Lyceum akatanga pakarepo namarudzi pakagadzwa. The initiator pamusoro parinowanika raiva Emperor Alexander I, kupenya fakaroti uye unyanzvi Kumutungamiriri dzidziso yake, pachake matarenda vakauya kuzvizvarwa chiedza wandei Russian nevafungi, vananyanduri uye vaimbi, mauto. Lyceum vadzidzi vaiva Russian vepamusoro haisi zvikuru mavambo sezvo ezvidzidzo misimboti udyire kushumira Yababa chero munda.

hwaro

Imperial Tsarskoye tiiviste Lyceum yakavhurwa munguva yaitonga Alexander I, uye zvikuru zvakananga, chirevo pachishandiswa yayo akasaina soro mvumo muna August 1810. Mujinga dzakakwirira masangano edzidzo vaifanira 'norupo kwemakore "Kutonga mambo. Lyceum aifanira kuva muenzaniso kupfungwa pamwe European nzira dzidzo, ndakarerwa paivhu Russian rokutanga.

Tsarskoye tiiviste Imperial Lyceum, nezvimwe zvikoro yakakwirira, kusiyaniswa pasina chirango chaiyo, ushamwari pakati vadzidzisi uye vadzidzi, mupfumi zvidzidzo zvakagadzirirwa kuti paumbwe maonero, uye vamwe vakawanda. Zvakanga akaronga kuti vachadzidziswa panguva Lyceum Mukuru madzishe, hama muduku anotonga mambo, Nicholas uye Michael, asi zvino vakasarudza kupa zvetsika musha dzidzo.

magariro

For Lyceum rakabvumirwa idzva kuvaka mana - bapiro mumuzinda Tsarskoye tiiviste. The kwakavakirwa zviri pasi vokutanga aiendeswa vanachiremba chikwata uye bhodhi. Panhurikidzwa yechipiri vari mumakirasi kuti mudiki Chokwadi, wechitatu wakapiwa mukuru vadzidzi, uye musoro, uriri chechina, ravanofanira dzekurara. Toga dormitories dzakanga nomwero, vanenge Spartan midziyo, fenicha raiva amatare mubhedha akafukidzwa kanivhasi, imwe hofisi dhesiki kuitira basa, kumurimi uye dhesiki yokugeza.

Raibhurari akatora kaviri kureba maberere, yaiva pamusoro kwedenga. horo mabiko Grand yaiva panhurikidzwa yechitatu. Service, chechi uye mutungamiriri Apartment riri ari oga chivakwa rakatevera kumuzinda.

Pfungwa kudzidza

Concept uye zvidzidzo akava simba jinda, chipangamazano Alexander I rokutanga hafu kwake MM Speransky. The chikuru basa raiva dzidzo varanda vehurumende uye vemauto idzva paumbwe vana voumambo. Pfungwa yaiva Speransky Europeanize Russia, uye izvi zvinoda vakuru vaiva imwe pfungwa, pamwe rwomukati rusununguko uye rakakodzera pamwero dzavanhu dzidzo.

Pakusarudza vokusekondari kwave kwazvo, vakatanga vakomana kubva anokudzwa mhuri pakati pemakore 10 ne12 vakanga vakabudirira zvakaitika pamukova bvunzo, achisimbisa munhu zvakakwana azvipire ruzivo mumitauro mitatu (Russian, German, French), nhoroondo, jogirafi, masvomhu uye wefizikisi. Full kosi ari kudzidzisa-gore matanhatu rakakamurwa muzvikamu zviviri, mumwe nomumwe akapiwa makore matatu.

Okuyamura uye muchiuto

The chikuru pokutungamirira dzidzo - chokuita nevanhu, izvo akabvumira kuuya mudzidzi anogona kuzvidzora rinotungamirirwa kudzidza, mafungiro dzinonetsa, kufunga uye comprehensively kukudziridza matarenda pakuona mwana. Dzidziso kwaiitwa panyaya dzakadaro zvinokosha kwemakore matanhatu:

• The kudzidza chizvarwa uye dzimwe mitauro (Russian, Latin, French, German).
• Moral Science (inokosha zvisingarambiki, mutemo waMwari, uzivi).
• Chaiwo Sciences (svomhu, nemasvomhu, trigonometry, geometry, wefizikisi).
• Humanities (History wokuRussia uye vatorwa, dzenguva jogirafi).
• Zvinokosha Fine Kunyora (zvinotaurwa nevezvematongerwe wayo mitemo, mabasa evanyori makuru).
• Art (ziso, kutamba).
• dzidzo panyama (jimunasitikisi, kushambira, fence, mabhiza mabhiza).

On weboka rokutanga kudzidza zvinokosha, uye wechipiri pamusana yezwi zvakadzama kugadzira zvidzidzo zvose. Uyezve, munyika kurovedza rakapiwa hanya zvikuru kuti vehurumende mapurani, mutambo. Avo akasarudza muchiuto, Kuwedzera verenga wachi iri nhoroondo yehondo, masvingo, uye zvimwe zvidzidzo core.

nokudzidziswa uye dzidzo All muitiro kwakaitika pasi kurinda kutarisira Director. Dzidziso mudonzvo zvaisanganisira mapurofesa nomwe, mupristi anodzidzisa mutemo waMwari, vadzidzisi matanhatu zvoupfu unyanzvi uye jimunasitikisi, adjunct maviri kuranga achiteverwa varindiri matatu uye gavhuna.

Yakatarwa vadzidzi wokutanga kunze pasi pokudzora mambo, vanhu 38 vakanga pasi magwaro uye vakapfuura makwikwi chesekondari, vadzidzi chete 30 vakaendeswa Tsarskoye tiiviste, mazita ainge aifarirwa wamambo ruoko. Alexander I akagovera patronage nokuda kupfungwa, ugoverenga Razumovsky AK akagadzwa mukuru Lyceum mu-Chief of chinzvimbo. In pambiru Count kuva varipo panguva bvunzo zvose, zvaakanga nomufaro zvaakaita, achiziva kumeso, uye mazita ose vadzidzi.

misimboti

Mabasa mukuru Lyceum vaiva nzwisisika, hofisi iyi akapiwa V. F. Malinovskomu, akadzidza paYunivhesiti Moscow. Maererano bumbiro sangano wekambani kwaidiwa kumativi wachi kugara mundima Lyceum, uye nyatsoteerera vadzidzi, uye yose muitiro nguva dzose, akanga aine mhosva vadzidzi, nokuti pamwero rokudzidzisa uye zvayo Lyceum upenyu.

Tsarskoye tiiviste Lyceum Imperial akanga vakagadzirira pamwe yakanakisisa vadzidzisi nguva yake, zvose vakanga yepamusoro dzidzo, zvesayenzi dhigirii, aida basa rake uye chizvarwa chevechiduku. Vadzidzisi vakasununguka kusarudza nzira yokukurukura ruzivo, nokutendeka aita zvaidiwa nheyo mumwe - hapana simbe dandadzo pakati vokusekondari havafaniri kuva.

purogiramu daily

zuva Kugara chikoro kwave akavaka maererano wakaoma nepurogiramu:

• The mangwanani vakatanga nhanhatu o'clock, nguva dzinounzwa kuti utsanana nzira, mari, munamato.
• Zvidzidzo zvokutanga mukirasi zvakatanga nomwe mapfumbamwe ari mangwanani.
• Akatevera awa (9: 00-10: 00) Vadzidzi apedze kufamba uye tudyo (they uye muffinssi, chisvusvuro haisi vaifungidzira).
• Chidzidzo chechipiri inotanga pa 10:00 uye kusvikira 12:00, uye ipapo kweawa purogiramu yakanga famba panze.
• Lunch akanga achishumira ari 13:00.
• Masikati, kubva 14:00 kusvika 15:00, vadzidzi mubasa rakanaka hwemashiripiti.
• Kubva 15:00 kusvika 17:00 zvichiteverwa zvidzidzo mumakirasi mukirasi.
• At 17:00 vana akapa tii, ipapo 18:00 anoteverwa kufamba.
• With maawa matanhatu uye kusvika hafu rechipfumbamwe manheru vadzidzi vaiita Kudzokororwa zvinhu vaiita upiyona makirasi.
• At 20:30 Dinner akanga ashumira, pashure yakavatevera yepachena nguva kuzorora.
• At 22:00 nguva yokunyengetera uye hope. Mugovera ose, vadzidzi akashanyira bhati.

Lyceum muna Tsarskoye tiiviste vaisiyana nemamwe masangano dzidzo chokuti mudzidzisi aifanira kuzadzisa zivo uye kunzwisisa nyaya yavo mudzidzi ose. Nepo zvinhu harifaniri nekutarisisa vadzidzi vose vari mukirasi, mudzidzisi haagoni kutanga zvitsva musoro. Kuti vawane kunyatsoshanda, nokuti anononoka vadzidzi kuzozivisa mimwe makirasi, kuongorora dzidziso mharidzo itsva. Chesekondari ane yayo hurongwa vachiongorora pachiyero vakagamuchira ruzivo uye zvidzidzo, mumwe lyceum mudzidzi akanyora, mishumo, akapindura nemumuromo kuita mitambo.

Vadzidzisi kazhinji vakafunga zvakanaka kusiya mudzidzi oga nyaya yake, Pushkin haana kuita Anonyatsoziva sayenzi akarongeka, purofesa Kartsov akati: "Imi, Pushkin, mukirasi yangu zvose rinopera razero. Gara pasi panzvimbo uye kunyora nhetembo. "

Lyceum upenyu

Lyceum muna Tsarskoye tiiviste akapiwa rusununguko chimwe - kuvhara zvakakwana, lyceum vadzidzi usabva masvingo kupfungwa panguva yechikoro. Paivawo muchimiro zvipfeko, zvakafanana nokuti zvose. Chaiva rakasviba mutema jasi, mirai-up chipika uye hand cuffs ari maoko, dzakanga mutsvuku, iye gilt mabhatani buttoned. Kusiyanisa mukuru uye mudiki kosi vakanga akatanga Tabs, nokuti mukuru gore vaiva nhovo dzendarama, nesirivha muduku.

Chesekondari, apo akadzidza Pushkin, kuteerera zvikuru rwakabhadharwa kuna dzidzo. Vadzidzi vanoremekedza kwete chete kune vanhu mukirasi yake, asi muranda, munhu serf. Human chiremera hakunei mavambo, ichi anofuridzira mudzidzi mumwe nomumwe. Nechikonzero chimwe chete, vana dzinenge hapana kuonana nehama dzavo - zvose vaiva venhaka wenhare uye kazhinji dzimba kuona siyanei nemafungiro nemataundi vanhu, pakati kwamachinda kuzvidza serfs zvakanga zvakakurumbira.

Brotherhood nokukudzwa

Pasinei nokuti lyceum vadzidzi vaiva vakabatikana purogiramu yokudzidza uye kurovedzwa, muna netsamba dzake, zvose kuzivikanwa nenzira yakakwana yakawanda rusununguko. Students vanogara imwe mitemo, mirayiro tsika yacho anamira mukoridho zviri pasi wechina. Mumwe pfungwa nharo kuti vadzidzi munharaunda imwe mhuri, uye naizvozvo zvakavapoteredza haisi nzvimbo kuzvikudza, kuzvikudza uye kuzvidzwa. Vana vauye kuchikoro chesekondari kubva vaduku, uye iye anova musha wavo, uye pamwe vadzidzisi uye mhuri chaiyo. Mamiriro ari Imperial Tsarskoye tiiviste Lyceum aiva noushamwari, yakanyatsobatana.

For vokusekondari vakatanga hurongwa nemibayiro Varange, anobvisa chisimba. Muite vakaipa vakaiswa mujeri kwemazuva matatu, apo mukuru pachake akauya kuitisa kukurukura, asi chaiva chokupedzisira. Pane dzimwe nguva vakanga vakasarudzwa zvikuru neusimbe unyanzvi - yezve mabiko kwemazuva maviri, panguva iyoyo vadzidzi vanogamuchira chete chingwa nemvura.

Lyceum ukama dzimwe nguva uri mutongo maitiro vechikamu ayo, vaya kubva kukudzwa uye chiremera tsikwa. Vadzidzi vaigona boycott shamwari, kusiya kumupfigira kwakakwana pasina kutaura. Mitemo sanyorwa vanoremekedzwa hapana zvishoma matsvene kupfuura bumbiro iri Lyceum.

nyaya yokutanga

Vadzidzi of Imperial Tsarskoye tiiviste Lyceum kubuda masvingo kupfungwa muna 1817. Zvinenge zvose akawana zvigaro rehurumende midziyo, maererano migumisiro bvunzo, vazhinji vakauya kuzoshanda chepamusoro chinzvimbo, chaizvo vokusekondari kusarudza muchiuto, vakaenzana chinzvimbo kuna Corps pamusoro Pages. Pakati pavo paiva vanhu vakava kuzvikudza nhoroondo wokuRussia uye tsika. kubwinya kukuru Lyceum vakauya nyanduri Pushkin AS, hapana pamberi pake vakadaro ushamwari uye nokudedera chisiri kuchikoro kwake uye vadzidzisi. Yaakamutsaurira mabasa akawanda Tsarskoye tiiviste kumwedzi.

uyo anenge zvose ndadzidza rokutanga yakatarwa yava kuzvikudza nyika, uye vakakudza Imperial Tsarskoye tiiviste Lyceum. Famous alumni akadai: Kyuhelbeher VK (nyanduri, magariro nemumiriri, Decembrist), Gorchakov AM (a anokudzwa Wenyika, vatorwa mushumiri yaitonga Alexander II) Delvig AA (nyanduri, muparidzi), Matyushkin F . F. (polar aiongorora, Admiral pakati zvikepe), uye vamwe, vakabatsira kuti nhoroondo, tsika uye Arts kukura.

Pushkin Lyceum mudzidzi

Kuona zvinoitwa Pushkin mumabhuku Russian hazvibviri, shasha yake yakawanikwa uye ndakarerwa mukutarisana masvingo. Maererano vaanodzidza navo, mudetembi yaiva nicknames matatu - wokuFrance (a mutero kwazvo zivo mutauro), Cricket (mudetembi raifamba uye anamakuhwa mwana) uye musanganiswa Monkey uye Tiger (pamwe shungu munyoro uye tsika kukakavara). Chesekondari, apo akadzidza Pushkin, bvunzo kunze mwedzi mitanhatu ose, nemhaka tarenda ravo chakaonekwa uye kuzivikanwa kare makore chesekondari. Ake basa nyanduri rokutanga kubudiswa mumagazini "Yokuzivisa Europe", sezvo vadzidzi Lyceum, muna 1814.

Mamiriro panguva Imperial Tsarskoye tiiviste Lyceum akanga akadai kuti haina kunzwa ake kudana mboni vakasagona. Pazuva kuziviswa uye kukura tarenda akanga dzirambe yose rokudzidzisa muitiro, vakabatsira fakaroti ichi. In netsamba dzake, muna 1830, AS Pushkin akati: "... Ndakatanga kunyora vanamakore 13, uye kudhinda pamwe anenge iyoyowo."

Makona Lyceum kuchinja

Ndakatanga kuva neMuse.

mudzidzi wangu sero,

Kusvikira mutorwa kuna mafaro,

Pakarepo dzakavhenekera - neMuse mairi

Akazarura ayo mutambo wakaoma;

Pamusoroi, inotonhorera nesayenzi!

Ndine urombo, makore rokutanga mutambo!

Ini Makachinja, ndiri nyanduri ...

Chokutanga anozivikanwa rekuratidzwa pamusoro Pushkin aiva bvunzo munguva kuchinja kubva pamwero kwokutanga pamusoro kosi mukuru uye chokupedzisira kurovedzwa. At paruzhinji bvunzo vaivapo yokufeva vanhu, kusanganisira nyanduri Derzhavin. Verenga nemashanu mboni nhetembo "Kuyeuka Tsarskoye tiiviste" anobudiswa pari inopa rakakura pfungwa. Pushkin akatanga pakarepo mamwe remangwana kukuru. mabasa ake vari zvinokudzwa Zvinovheneka Russian nhetembo vevaairarama - Zhukovsky, baba, Karamzin, uye vamwe.

Alexander Lyceum

Mushure accession kuti chigaro Nicholas I, ivo Lyceum akakurudzirwa St. Petersburg. Tsarskoye tiiviste aiva vadzidzi mahombekombe panopinda chikoro kubva 1811 kusvika 1843. Institution mberi Kamennoostrovsky Avenue, apo vadzidzi vakanga dzinounzwa kamuri aimbova Alexandrinsky nherera. Uyezve, tsika yacho kunzi Imperial Alexander Lyceum, vachikudza Musiki waro.

Tsika uye sehama uye vakagara muimba itsva, pasinei vakaedza kurwa Fani iyi Nicholas I. History of Imperial Tsarskoye tiiviste Lyceum akaramba panzvimbo itsva uye kusvikira 1918. Nguva akaona kuchengeta sanyorwa mitemo Charter, uyewo nguvo maoko uye Mashoko - "Nokuti zvakafanana zvakanaka". Kunyatsoisa mukukudza ayo yakakurumbira kudzidza, muna 1879, musi waOctober 19 masvingo Alexander Lyceum ndiye wokutanga Museum yakavhurwa, AS Pushkin.

Asi pfungwa panzvimbo itsva, zvimwe vachinja hwakatangwa. Under zvezvaidzidziswa itsva, vadzidzi vakatanga kugamuchira uye ngaateme nechirango remauto pagore akanga aparadza chose, akawedzera mazita nevanhu. Mhinduro nguva uye achinja kwezvakatipoteredza vanova madhipatimendi zvitsva - zvokurima, vehurumende mapurani.

Mushure memakore 17

Muna 1917 akanga ari wokupedzisira kusunungurwa vadzidzi. Kusvikira 1918, basa akaramba ari refu zvikamu, akavhara Alexander Lyceum muna May wegore iroro. The akakurumbira raibhurari yakanga zvishoma akatumwa Sverdlovsk, vakawanda kuparadzirwa pakati mumaraibhurari, akafirwa kana akawana utiziro toga maoko. It akakwanisa kuponesa vanenge zviuru zviviri vhoriyamu yemabhuku mukuru musangano, uye kutsvaka vari kuunganidzwa State Museum of Literature muna 1938. Collection akasunungura kuna Sverdlovsk raibhurari muna 1970, hwakatamisirwa Pushkin Museum Foundation.

Alexander Lyceum chivakwa aishandiswa zvinangwa zvakasiyana. Muna 1917, zvakanga dzichengeterwe kumuzinda Red Army nemamwe masangano. Pamberi Great Patriotic Hondo uye pashure yacho kwakavakirwa ane chikoro, uye ipapo chivako akapiwa kurasa SGPTU. Imba ndiyo College of Management uye Economics.

Dambudziko rakaipa rakawira vadzidzi vakawanda ve lyceum nevadzidzisi veAlexandrov Lyceum. Muna 1925 imwe nyaya yakagadzirwa, maererano nezvayo, pakati pevamwe. Anopomerwa kusikwa kwesangano re-counter-revolutionary mukuru wekupedzisira weLyceum Shilder VA uye Prime Minister Golitsyn N. D. Vese avo vanopomerwa mhosva yekudzorera hurumende, uye pane makumi maviri nemaviri, uye vakapfura. Saka zvakasuruvarisa kupedza nhoroondo yeImperial Tsarskoe Selo Lyceum. Pushkin akanga ari muimbi wake uye nyanzvi, vamwe vose vanyori vezvenhau uye kudada.

Mazuva ano pedagogy iri kuramba ichida kufunga kuti pfungwa dzakagadziridzwa naSperansky, ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yezvedzidzo kune wechidiki, iyo inobatsira nhasi.