Korovin's submachine gun. Muchina wepfuti weGreat Patriotic War

Apo patinoyeuka murwi weArmed Army weGreat Patriotic War, nguva dzose tinofungidzira musoja anofunga, ane shungu akazosvika kuBerlin. Ari shure kwemapfudzi ake - kwete zviuru zvezviuru zvemakiromita akavharwa, asiwo skate ye-cape-tende, uye mumaoko ake - akatendeka PPSh. Asi yaiva brainchild yeSppinin inofanirwa chete yezvombo zvisiri nyore mu Red Army?

Zvechokwadi, RPM nePPS vakanga vari kushanda, iyo yekupedzisira iyo vazhinji vezvakaitika kare nevaridzi vemapurisa kazhinji vanofunga kuti ndiyo yepamusoro-soro pfuti yehondo iyoyo. Asi zvinenge pasina munhu anoziva kuti kwaivawo neKirvinvin submachine gun, muzvinhu zvizhinji nenzira ipi zvayo yakaderera kune "hama dzavo dzakakura".

Nezvake uye muumbi wake, tichataura pamusoro peiyi nyaya.

Prehistory

Yakanga yakaipa munaOctober 1941, apo Red Army yakadzokera kumativi ose. VaGermany vakaedza kuputsa muchengeti wezvidziviriro uye vabuda kuMoscow. Kurwisa kukuru kwaiva mapoka ematangi, ane motokari dzaienda kumusoro kubva kune dzimwe nhanhatu panguva imwe chete.

Tula yakadzivirirwa neuto reGeneral Boldin, kubva mairi, mushure mehondo yakaipa uye inotyisa, pakanga pasina zvakawanda zvakasara. Kuti nenzira imwe neimwe ibatsire mauto ehurumende mumatambudziko ekudzivirirwa kweguta, Vashandi veBurumende vakagadzirisa sarudzo pamusoro pekuumbwa kwemauto evanhu vanosvika 1500. Ikoko ndiko kwakaoma matambudziko ... Kana pakanga pasina zvinetso nezvipfeko uye zvokudya zvevaya vanozvipira, saka kupiwa kwezvombo zvakakurumidza kuva dambudziko rinorwadza.

Hongu, muzviitiko zvakanyanya zvinogona kugadzirwa (Tula Arms Factory, mushure mezvose!), Asi zvakatora nguva yakawanda. Kugara kwakadaro hakuna munhu aizopa vatsigiri.

Chisarudzo chokusarudza

Zvisinei, zvakanga zvakanyatsojeka kuti zvombo zvaidiwa - submachine gun. Chete pamagetsi avo ekutanga aive akakwanisa kuverenga zvishoma nezvishoma. Usaita zvakafanana pfuti dzakasununguka kubva pamativi emipopiro nematare akaputika!

Muchidimbu, vanhu veTula vakaiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu akafanana neBritish, avo "vakaita mabvi" vakaita "Stan" yavo chaiye kubva pane zvinyorwa zvemvura. Injiniya dzakanga dzisingazivi kuti muna 1930 Sergei Aleksandrovich Korovin akanga agadzirira zvombo zvakadaro. Izvo zvakanga zvisiri nyore kupfuura Chirungu "plumber's dream", asi zvakare kaviri sechinhu chakavimbika uye chakarurama pane iyo submachine gun.

Murume wechinetso chakaoma

Korovin yaiva nhumbi inozivikanwa zvishoma. Akatora chikamu munenge makwikwi ose emutambo, asi kukunda kwakakundwa chete nevakwikwi: Degtyarev, Shpagin, Simonov ... Muvara weSoviet zvombo zvechimiro, izvo zvakagadzira zvombo zvakanakisisa zveSUSS. Izvo zvisati zvichinyatsozivikanwa kana Fedorov mukuru aida chaizvo vadzidzi vake zvakanyanya zvokuti akazopa mubairo wavo, kana kuti zvombo zveCorvinvin zvakanga zvine zvimwe zvisiri izvo.

"Wake" Korovin yakanga isiri, ndeyechokwadi. Akanga ari mudzidzi weTelgian tenzi Browning. Mune mutsara, kamwe chete wakaenda pfuti yake 6.35 mm, iyo yakazosvika 1936 yakatengeswa pachena kune vagari veSoviet vasina magwaro. Iyo yakatsanangurwa Korogin submachine gun yakanga yakarasikirwa zvachose mukunze.

Nokudaro, muumbi wacho aifanira kugutsikana chete nekugadzirwa kwezviratidziro pane chimwe chikonzero. Zvombo, izvo zvakabva zvasvibira mumahwindo ezvitoro zveTula. Yaiva ipapo iyo zviremera zvakawana pfuti inonzi submachine, iyo Sergei Alexandrovich akambosika kuti atore chikamu mumakwikwi, kwaakakunda PAP.

Zvakatora mazuva mashomanana chete ekutumirwa kwekutanga kwekugadzira, uye pakupera kwegore raOctober sampuli dzokutanga dzakanga dzatooneka. Pedyo nemusha weRogozhinsky mfuti yakapfuura kubhabhatidzwa kwaro pamusi waOctober 30, 1941. Zvakare, Tula Arms Factory yakaratidza kuti inokwanisa kubudisa zvombo zvakakwirira mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu.

Hondo yekutanga kushandiswa kwe PPK

Mangwanani-ngwanani makumi mana ematangi emadheni akapararira kusvika kune zvivako zvekufekitari. Vakanga vakafukidzwa nemapoka akawanda emagetsi evanhu. Matangi Guderian akasarudza kutora Tula muzviputi, kusvika kwavari kubva kumativi maviri. Asi ivo vakanga vakamirira kukundikana: varwi vakashinga vakaderedza motokari nemagrenades, vakavakandira mabhodhoro nemishonga inopisa. ChiGermany vacheche vaikwanisa kuedza pfuti-pfuti yemapuranga Korovin.

Zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvinoratidza kuti hondo inopisa yakagara kwemaawa mana. VaNazi venguva shanu vakaedza kutora nzvimbo yevarwi veTula. Matangi akanga asingambokwanisi kuswedera kwavari, uye vafambisi vakanga vachichera moto kubva kuCrovinvin zvombo. Iyo pfuti inonzi submachine yakazviratidza muhondo iyo kubva kune yakanakisisa.

Unyanzvi hwezvigadzirwa zvezvombo

Kunyoresa ndicho chinhu chinoita kuti kubudirira kwechigadzirwa ichi cheSergei Alexandrovich. Muori weC Korovin submachine, uyo wakakwanisa kurwisana paTula, wakanga wakasiyana zvikuru nechimbo chakakonzerwa kumakwikwi. Saka, haana zvachose mubhedha wemapuranga, izvo zvaida nguva refu uye zvinorwadza zvakanyanya, uyewo pakange pasina bhokisi rakasungwa. Ikokupedzisira kwaireva kurapa kwakakosha, uko mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro kwakanga kusina nguva.

Zvose zvakadzama zvemukoko wema submachine (kunze kweiyo bhoti neyekugamuchira) yakagadzirwa nekutonhora kunotyisa. Kuchengetedza kwakashandiswa kuvabatanidza pamwe chete. Iko bhokisi rimwechete rakaitwa kubva ... pombi inowanzo (hello, "Stan")! Chaizvoizvo, Korovin kwemazuva mashomanana akakwanisa kugadzira zvombo zvachose zvitsva. Muhondo, iyo inogona kubereka chero miti (kunyange ibhizha rezvigadzirwa zvemhizha), iro raive rakanyanya kunyanya kushandiswa.

"Mutumbi" wezvombo wakanga wakareba 682 mm. Inoshandiswa (firi, pane zvakasungirirwa hinged) yakawedzerwa kune imwe mamita mamita 400.

Automation uye USM

Sezvo zviri nyore kufungidzira, nheyo yekushandura kwekushandisa zvakananga yakavakirwa pavharivha yekusununguka. Nhamba yekutanga yebhurota yaiva 480 m / s. Iyo mbiya yakanga yakakomberedzwa nehuta yehuwandu huwandu uye chitubu chekudzoka-kuvhara. Iyo fuse yakanga isina zvombo. Basa rake raive kuitwa nechekucheka mujoko rorudyi reakagamuchira, kwaunogona kutanga nekuvhara mutoro wekutakura. Kudhonza kubva paPPK munzvimbo iyi kwakanga kusingatombogoni kuitika, kuregererwa kwechibvumirano chechibato kubva pachigadziro chekuvhara chakanga chisina kubviswa.

Icho chinokonzera uye chinokonzera kushandiswa kwechimbo chakabvumira mutambikiri kutungamirira chete moto unotsvaga. "Zest" yaiva yevezeve, yakafambira mberi. Ichi chinzvimbo chekupa kwake kwakanyatsorongeka kwepfuti yekutanga. Trigger hook yaive yakareba uye yakashata, simba rayo harina kupfuura 2.9 kg. A ejector chaiye aive nebasa rekubudiswa kwekambani yekuvhara cartridge uye kubviswa kwacho kubva pachimbo. Yakanga yakagadzirirwa kusvika pasi payo.

Chigadziro chekuona chikafu chakazaruka, chiri nyore: pakanga pane rutsanga-rwuri (mamita zana nemakumi maviri), uye fukiti inogona kutamirwa nechepamusoro.

Zvimwe zvikamu

Nokuda kwehukuru hwakawanda hweboka revhavha (700 gramu), pamwe chete nekurohwa kwevhavha pa 143 mm, yakabudisa PPK nezinga rakaderera zvikuru: 470 roga roga paminiti. Kusiyana nePPSh, iyo zita raive neruzivo rwevarwi vakatarisana rakagadziriswa se "mudyi we Shpagin's cartridges", chigadzirwa cha Korovin chakabvumirwa kugadzirisa zvombo. Yakagadziridzwa miseve isina zvinetso zvakagadzirwa kubva kune zvombo kunyange zvishomanana chete, izvo zvakabva kune imwecheteyo makore ehondo yePPSh ekubudiswa zvakanga zvisingakwanisi kubudirira.

Pakati pese, kana tikatarisa zvese zvinyorwa zveshure reHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, saka zvakanga zvakajairika kuAmerica "Thompson" kupisa makodhiji chete chete. Izvi zvinongobhadhara mazana ezviuru zvakanyanya kudhura, kunyange "zvisina kukwana PPD", tingati chii nezve penny PPK, iyo inogona kuitwa kubva kune zvigadzirwa zvematare.

Pamusoro pekutakura tambo yakagadziriswa, musana wechipfuva wakanga wakabatanidzwa (unogona kutendeuka). Dekedhi rehuni rakaiswa pistol grip yechimbo. Sezvo zvombo izvi mu "mauto" zvinyorwa zvakanga zvisati zvamboitika, murwi wacho akabata ruoko rwake chechitoro chakaitwa nenzira yechando inoputika. Unyanzvi - 35 kumativi ose, chess nzvimbo yezvombo. Kungofanana nezvimwe zvombo zveSoviet zvekirasi ino, iyi pfuti yeRussian submachine yakashandiswa neSoviet patron yaitonga panguva iyoyo - 7.62x25.

Hazvina kukanganwika ...

Kana tikacherechedza kuti zvakatora mazuva maviri bedzi kuti zvinyatsogadzirwa, zvombo zvacho zvakave zvisinganzwisisike! Zvechokwadi, paiva nezvikanganiso (kwete chivharo chakavimbika, kwete forearm), asi nokuda kweunhu hwose hwakanaka hwePPK vanogona kukanganwirwa zvakachengeteka. Saka muhutano hwe "Chechipiri-World Machine Guns" zvombo izvi zvakatora nzvimbo dzekutanga.

Zvinosuruvarisa, Korovin haana kugamuchira kutarirwa kwakakodzera. Sergei Alexandrovich achiri kuramba achiumba mienzaniso mitsva yezvombo, asi mumakwikwi nemaitiro haana kutora mubairo. Nokuda kwekushinga kwake uye unyanzvi muTula, akagamuchira chete Badge yekuremekedza uye Mutemo weRed Star. Pakafa asati afa muUSSR aka "ona" zvaanofanira. Mugadziri wacho akapiwa mamiriri ekuzvininipisa "Nekushanda Kwevashandi muHigh Patriotic War". Chaizvoizvo, iyi ndiyo chete mubayiro wezvakagadzirwa.

Mhedziso

Kunyange kana mumwe achifunga kuti hapana chezviitiko zvake zvakapinda mumakwikwi (kunze kwepisitori), hazvibviri kuramba zvinhu zvose zvakawanikwa izvo zvakashandiswa zvakare nevamwe vashandi veSoviet. Sergei Alexandrovich's achievements vakavabvumira kuumba zvombo zvitsva zveU.SR nechisimba zvishoma nekushanda.