Kufamba kwaTimur: nhoroondo yezvakabva, pfungwa uye zvinyatsofadza

Kakawanda, vaTimuria vakanga vese vevana vechikoro veU.SR. Chido chekubatsira vanoshaya chaive chiitiko chakanaka zvachose kune ichi kana icho chiitiko. Zvichida iyo tsika, zvichida izvi zvinokura. Asi nekuda kwemaonero aya kunyika, vana ava, timurovtsy, pakupedzisira vakava vechokwadi uye vanofarira vanhu. Ivo vane tsika dzeboka re Timur nokusingaperi rakachengetedzwa. Uye izvi zvichida chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ...

Bhuku raisagona kunge riri

Mutungamiri weTimur wakatanga muna 1940. Ndiko, apo chete A. Gaidar akabudisa bhuku rake razvino pamusoro peimwe sangano revana rinobatsira vanhu. Basa racho rainzi, hongu, "Timur neboka rake".

Kwapera vhiki, imwe yemapatendi yakanga yatodhindwa. Mukuwedzera, mhepfenyuro inotarisana neredhiyo yakatanga. Kubudirira kwebhuku racho kwaingova kukuru.

Gore rakazotevera, basa racho rakava shanduro huru. Pasinei neizvi, ndaifanira kutanga ndadhindisa kakawanda.

Kunyange zvazvo bhuku iri raisakwanisa kuva pamashafukeri zvachose. Chinhu ichi ndechokuti pfungwa yaGaidar yekubatanidza vana vanochengeta vakuru vanotarisa zvikuru. Ngatiyeuchidze, kwaiva nemakore ekupedzisira e30.

Nenzira yakanaka, mutoro wokudhinda basa wakatorwa neMunyori weCentral Committee yeKomsomol N. Mikhailov. Apo bhuku racho rakadhindwa, firimu yezita rimwechete rakaonekwa. Kuzivikanwa kunoshamisa kwe tepi kwakatsanangurwa nekujekesa kwechifananidzo che protagonist. Timur akava muenzaniso uye zvakanaka zvechizvarwa chidiki chemazuva iwayo.

Trilogy pamusoro peTimur

Kunyangwe kusati kwadhindwa bhuku racho, Gaidar aifarira matambudziko ezvidzidzo zvehondo zvevana vechikoro. Chero zvazvingava, mitsva yezvakada izvozvo yakaratidzwa mudhiari yake uye yese mabasa pamusoro peTimur. Isu takangotaura pamusoro pekutanga bhuku . Asi zvishoma gare gare munyori akanyora basa rechipiri. Yakatumidzwa kuti Mutungamiri weHome Fortress. Vanyori vakanga vatovhiringidzika mune rumwe rudzi rwemutambo wemauto. Zvakanaka, pakutanga kwehondo, Gaidar akakwanisa kunyora chinyorwa che "Oath of Timur". Kubva pamapeji akaudza nezvekudiwa kwesangano revana mumamiriro ezvinhu ehondo. Nhengo dzemunharaunda iyi dzichange dziri pabasa munguva yerima uye bhomba. Vachadzivirira nharaunda kubva kune vaparadzi uye vasori, vachabatsira mhuri dzeRussia Army mauto nevashambadzi mubasa ravo rekurima. Chaizvoizvo, zvakaitika. Imwe mubvunzo ndeyokuti munyori aida chaizvo kuumba shanduko yeimwe sangano kune sangano repiyona nemabasa ake pamusoro peTimur ... Nhamo, hatingambozivi chokwadi.

Pfungwa yeGaidar

Vanoti Gaidar mumabhuku pamusoro peTimur, akarondedzera zvakaitika kune masangano eSwout muzana remakore rechi10. Mukuwedzera, munguva yake aive ari mutariri webato rejari. Uye pachivande, semunhu wake, Timur, akaita mabasa akanaka, pasina kukumbira chero mubairo. Kazhinji, vechidiki vanobatsira vanhu vanoda rubatsiro iye zvino vava kunzi vanozvipira.

Nenzira, nechekuita sangano revana rakanyora nenguva yakafanira unhu hwakanaka saAnton Makarenko naKonstantin Paustovsky. Asi rimwe chete Gaidar, nechido kana kuti risingadi, rakagadziridzwa kushandura pfungwa iyi kuva chokwadi.

Tanga

Chii chaiva kutanga kweboka reTimur? Mhinduro yemubvunzo uyu inoratidzika pachena. Yakanga iri mushure mekubudiswa kwebhuku pamusoro peTurur kuti sangano reTimur risina kutanga rakatanga. Masoja akaenzana akaonekwa zvakare.

VaTimuriya ivo pachavo vakazova, chokwadi, chikamu chemagariro eSoviet Union. Panguva imwechete vakakwanisa kuchengetedza imwe pfungwa yekuzvipira.

Timurovtsy vaiva muenzaniso wakanaka vechidiki. Vakanga vasina kufarira kuita mabasa akanaka, vakabatsira vakwegura, vakabatsira mapurazi akabatanidzwa, vekoroji uye zvizhinji, zvakawanda. Mune rimwe shoko, kunyatso kufamba kwevana vechikoro kwakaonekwa.

Ndiani aiva nheyo yeboka reTimur? Iko hondo yakatanga kuonekwa muna 1940 muKlin, iyo iri munzvimbo yeMoscow. Nenzira, kwaiva pano apo Gaidar akanyora "netlenka" yake pamusoro peTimur neboka rake. Mumusasa uyu maingova nemakore matanhatu chete. Vakadzidza mune imwe yezvikoro zveKlin. Mushure maro, masangano akadaro akabuda muSoviet Union yose. Uye dzimwe nguva mune imwe yemisha miduku pane 2-3 mauto akadaro. Nemhaka yeizvi, pane zvimwe zvisingadikanwi. Semuenzaniso, vechidiki vakaramba vachichera huni kune munhu akwegura uye katatu vakagura jare ...

Epoch yeHondo Guru

Munguva yehondo, sangano reTimur muU.SR rakakura mukufambira kwekuita masvomhu. Muna 1945, pakanga paine anenge mamiriyoni matatu evaTimuria muSoviet Union. Vaya vechidiki vakatoita sevasingaiti.

Masangano akadaro anoshanda mumisha yeherera, zvikoro, mapiyona emadzimambo uye zvikoro zvekunze. Vachiri kuyaruka vaidzivirira mhuri dzemapurisa nemasoja, uye vakaramba vachibatsira kubatsira kukohwa zvirimwa.

Mauto aya akaitawo basa rakakura muzvipatara. Nokudaro, Timurovtsy Gorky nzvimbo yakakwanisa kuronga kuti yakakuvadzwa zvingangoita zvuru gumi zvemitambo yemamiti. Vakanga vachigara vari mubasa muzvipatara, nokuda kwemauto vakanyora tsamba, vakaita mabasa akasiyana-siyana ehupfumi.

Mumwe muenzaniso weboka reTimur rakaitika muzhizha ra1943. Ngarava "Pushkin" yakabuda panzira "Kazan - Stalingrad". Pachikepe senhumbi - zvipo, izvo zvakatorwa neTimurovs ye republic.

Uye muLeningrad yakapoteredzwa kufamba kwevaTimur vakawana kukosha kunokosha. Muna 753 Timurov machechi ekumusoro-soro, vane zviuru gumi nezviviri zvevechidiki vakaita. Vaibatsira mhuri dzevarwi vehondo, vanhu vakaremara nevatapi venyika. Vaifanira kuchengetedza mafuta, mapurisa akanaka uye kugamuchira zvokudya pamakadhi avo.

Nenzira, pakutanga kwegore ra1942 munharaunda yese yeU.SR misangano yekutanga yeTimuriti yakaitwa. Pazviitiko izvi, vakataura pamusoro pemigumisiro yemabasa avo akabudirira.

Uyezve, panguva ino, pane nziyo dzokutanga pamusoro peboka reTimur, pakati pavo "Vana vane ushamwari", "Kudenga kwedu kwakakwirira pamusoro pedu" uye, zvechokwadi, "Rwiyo rweTimurovites" naBlanter. Gare gare, nziyo dzakadai dzakakurumbira se "Gaidar inofamba mberi", "Rwiyo rweRed Pathfinders", "Eaglets anodzidza kubhururuka", "Timurovtsy", nezvimwewo, zvakanyorwa.

Ural Detachment

Kudzokera panguva yehondo, rimwe remakwikwi eTimur rakakurumbira raiva musasa kubva kuguta revarimi rePast muKelyabinsk. Yaiva nevechiri kuyaruka mazana maviri. Uye Alexandra Rychkova ane makore 73 akatungamira.

Dare racho rakasikwa muna August 1941. Pakusangana kokutanga, Rychkova akati aifanira kushanda nesimba kuti apfeke. Muchiitiko ichi hapachazovi nezvikwereti pazera. Akazivisa kuti kana mumwe munhu akachinja pfungwa dzake, anogona kubva pakarepo. Asi hapana akasiyiwa. Vechidiki vakagoverwa mumasvingo uye avo vakuru vakagadzwa.

Zuva rimwe nerimwe Rychkov akapa chirongwa chebasa. Vakabatsira varombo, vakataurira vanhu vemaguta nezvemamiriro ezvinhu ari pamiganhu, vakabata makonti kune vakakuvara muchipatara. Mukuwedzera, vakaunganidza miti yemishonga, zvigadzirwa zvematare, matanda akachekwa, vakashanda muminda, uye vakatsigira mhuri dzevarwi vehondo. Vakapiwawo nyaya yakakomba: Timurovs yakakwira mukati mezvikwata zvemigodhi uye yakasarudzwa nematombo.

Cherechedza, pasinei nebasa racho, vechidiki vachiri kuenda kuchikoro zvidzidzo.

Somugumisiro, mumwedzi mitanhatu boka raibva kuPlast rakakwanisa kukunda mukurumbira usingagoneki. Kunyange vakuru vakuru vakapa nzvimbo yevashandi vavo kuvakomana. Nezve Timurovtsy kubva kuguta iri rekumigodhi rakanyorwa zvakare mumapepanhau. Nenzira, musungwa uyu unotaurwa mu-encyclopedia yeGreat Patriotic War.

Nzira yekubatanidza mapiyona neVaTimuria

Muna 1942 vadzidzisi vakanga vari mune imwe nyonganyonga. Ichokwadi ndechekuti timurov mauto, chaizvoizvo, akatanga kusunungura mapiyona ebasa. Ngatitangei kuyeuchidza, bhuku rinotaura nezveTimur rakataura nezve "kuzviranga" pamwe chete. Mariri, mitoro yose yevechiri kuyaruka yakazvitora uye yakagadzirisa matambudziko ose, pasina kutungamirirwa kwevakuru.

Somugumisiro, vatungamiri veKomsomol vakagamuchira chisarudzo chakabatanidzwa nekubatana kwemaapiyona neTimurovites. Mushure mechinguva, nhengo dzeKomsomol dzakakwanisa kuzvitora pasi pesimba ravo.

Kakawanda, mumamiriro ezvinhu aya pane zvose zviri pachena zvikomborero uye zvakanyanya kukanganisa. Mabasa eTimurites akatanga kuonekwa seimwe maitiro emabasa emapiyona.

Iko shure kwehondo nguva

Pakarepo mushure mokukunda kukunda vaFascist Timurovs vakaramba vachibatsira varwi vari mberi, varwere, vakwegura. Vakatarisawo kutarisa kumakuva emasoja eArmed Army.

Asi panguva imwechete kutenderera kwakatanga kupera. Zvichida chikonzero chaiva chokuti vaTimu vaisava nechido chakanaka che "kujoina" mapoka emusangano wekupayona. Vakasununguka rusununguko rwekusarudza.

Rumutsiriro rwebato rakatanga chete pasi peKhushchev's "thaw".

60-80's

Nhoroondo yehurumende yeTimur muRussia yakaenderera mberi. Panguva iyi, vechidiki vakaramba vachiita mabasa anobatsira evanhu. Zvakanakisisa zvakapiwa. Somuenzaniso, musikana wechikoro wemakore gumi nemanomwe, Nakhangova weTajikistan akakwanisa kupfuudza zvakasikwa kune munhu mukuru nemanomwe kuunganidza kota. Akapiwa Mutemo waLenin.

Timurovtsy akatanga kuita basa rokutsvaga. Saka, vakatanga kutora hupenyu hwaA Gaidar uye, semugumisiro, vakabatsira kuzarura musumusiya mumaguta akawanda. Uyewo reraibhurari-museum wemunyori muKanev yakarongeka.

Uye mumakore makumi manomwe nemasangano ehurukuro yemagazini yakakurumbira yeSoviet "Pioneer" yakaumbwa iyo inonzi Zvose-Union dzimbahwe reTimur. Nekugara kwakagadzikana, pakanga panewo zvikamu zveTimurovites. Akanyora uye akaverenga nhetembo pamusoro pekufamba kwaTimurov. Muna 1973, musangano wekutanga weAll-Union wakaitwa mumusasa we "Artek". Chiitiko chacho chaivepo nechetatu nehafu yenguva. Vakabva vabudirira kubvuma kunyange chirongwa chechikwata cheTimur chinangwa chekushanda kwayo.

Cherechedza kuti mapoka akadaro akavakwa muBulgaria, Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia uye GDR.

Kuwa uye rumutsiriro rwebato racho

Mukutanga kwema1990, basa reKomsomol nePiyona rakaparidzwa rakaneta. Aya masangano akaregererwa kuti avepo. Nokudaro, chiitiko chakadai chakamirira sangano reTimur.

Asi zvinenge panguva imwe chete, Federation of Children's Organisations yakagadzwa, yakasununguka pane imwe sangano rezvematongerwe enyika. Makore mashomanana gare gare, mutungamiri weRussia akazivisa kusikwa kwesangano revana vekuRussia. Ngatione, pfungwa iyi yakatsigirwawo nevadzidzisi.

Zvishoma nezvishoma, musangano mutsva weTimur (wokuzvidira) wakaumbwa nemaitiro, izvo zvakagadzirirwa kubatsira masangano asina kudzivirirwa evanhu.

Nguva itsva

Nokudaro, munguva yedu tsika dzeboka reTimur dzakachengetedzwa. Masangano akadaro aripo munzvimbo dzakawanda. Somuenzaniso, muShuya, muruwa rweIvanovo, sangano revechidiki reTimurovs rinoshanda. Sezvakaitika kare, havangobatsiri chete vanoshaiwa, asiwo edza kuve shanduko kuvanhu.

Ndinofara kuti kufamba uku kuri kupararira kwose kwose ...