Famous French vadetembi

France - nyika iri mberi mumwe. Rakanga pano kuti wekutanga chimurenga kwakaitika, uye kwete chete munzanga, asi mabhuku, koi kukanganiswa kukura uri yose. Vanyori French uye vadetembi kubudirira zvisati dzakakwirira. Chimwe dzinonakidza ndechokuti zvakanga muFrance basa geniuses vazhinji dzinoongororwa muupenyu hwake. Nhasi isu kutaura nezvevanyori inokosha uye vadetembi XIX - mangwanani XX remakore, uyewo pachena chidzitiro dzinonakidza nguva hwavo.

Viktor Mari Gyugo (1802-1885)

Kunenge kuti vamwe French vadetembi anogona kubata pakafunuka Viktora Gyugo. Munyori, uyo haasi kutya kusimudza ostrosotsialnye dzinotaura zviri enganonyorwa ake, uye panguva imwecheteyo nyanduri kudanana, akararama upenyu hurefu, mupfumi okusika kubudirira. Hugo somunhu munyori haina chete kuzivikanwa kwake hwose - akaita mhanza nokuita nebasa iri.

Mushure "Notre Dame" yake Mukurumbira chete akakura. Pane vanyori vakawanda munyika vave kukwanisa kurarama makore 4 kunze pachake kwavo? Mushure 79 gore zera (musi yokuberekwa Viktora Gyugo) musi Avenue Eylau akavaka kwokukunda Arch - chokwadi, pasi mahwindo munyori. Kuburikidza nahwo, zuva akapfuura 600 zviuru admirers kuti tarenda rake. Nokukurumidza mumugwagwa Yakazopiwa zita rokuti Avenue Victor Hugo.

Shure Viktor Mari Gyugo akasiya kwete chete mabasa makuru uye nhaka huru, 50,000 mafranc yaiva ikazopiwa varombo, asi chinoshamisa pfungwa iri kuda. Akanga arayirwa kuti rename guru France - Paris - muna Gyugopolis. Chaizvoizvo, ndiyo chete chinhu kuti haana akaurayiwa.

Teofil Gote (1811-1872)

Apo Viktor Gyugo mutsimba classicist kutsoropodzwa, Teofil Gote aiva mumwe chakajeka uye akavimbika zvikuru vatsigiri. French vadetembi vakagamuchira rakanakisisa replenishment vezvinzvimbo dzavo: Gaultier kwete chete zvakakwana pakugona Nzira yakanyorwa, asiwo akazarura kwenguva itsva iri uri France, vakazochinja kukanganiswa yose nyika.

Pashure pokutsungirira muunganidzwa wake wokutanga yakanakisisa tsika yacho kudanana manyorerwo, Teofil Gote panguva imwecheteyo risingabatanidzwi tsika misoro wenhetembo uye nhetembo vakachinja vector. Haana kunyora pamusoro runako zvakasikwa, rudo rusingaperi uye zvematongerwo enyika. Kwete chete kuti - mudetembi akadanidzira hwokugadzira kunzwisisa kwakaita ndima inokosha zvinoriumba. Izvi zvaireva kuti ndima yake, kugara chimiro kudanana, Chokwadi havana - vakapa nzira imwe pfungwa chimiro.

Munguva ichangobva muunganidzwa, "Enamels uye cameos", riri vaiona porusvingo okugadzira zvinhu Theophile Gautier akazopinda'wo Manifesto "Parnassian chikoro" - "Art". Iye akadanidzira nheyo "nounyanzvi nokuda unyanzvi kwezita", iro French vadetembi kugamuchirwa mirawo.

Artyur Rembo (1854-1891)

mudetembi French Artyur Rembo akafuridzira hwake uye nhetembo chizvarwa vanopfuura mumwe. In kuyaruka , akaramba pamba muParis, apo akasangana naye Paul Verlaine, akatuma kwaari nhetembo "nezvidhakwa Ship". nokukurumidza The noushamwari ukama pakati vanyanduri akakura kuva norudo. Ichi chaiva chikonzero kusiya mhuri Verlaine.

Mumakore upenyu Rimbaud akauya chete 2 muunganidzwa wenhetembo uye vachiravana - the debut ndima "kunwira Ship", iro pakarepo vakamuisa kuzivikanwa. Zvinofadza kuti nyanduri wacho basa raiva pfupi chaizvo: ose nhetembo akanyora nemakore 15 kusvika 21 makore. Pashure Artyur Rembo akangoti akaramba kunyora. Zvachose. Uye akava mutengesi, kusvikira pakuguma kwoupenyu nokutengesa zvinonhuwira, zvombo, uye ... vanhu.

Famous mudetembi French Pol Elyuar uye Giyom Apolliner vanonzi baba Artyura Rembo. basa rake uye munhu yakafuridzirwa Henry Miller kuti rondedzero, "Nguva vaurayi" uye Patti Smith nguva dzose anotaura pamusoro nyanduri uye ake ndima vataurwa.

Pol Verlen (1844-1896)

French vadetembi ava kunopera XIX remakore yakasarudzwa Paul Verlaine wavo "mambo," asi Mambo pakanga zviduku Rowdy uye playboy, Verlaine akatsanangura yakanyangara divi upenyu - tsvina, rima, chivi uye chido. Mumwe "vanababa" pakati impressionism uye kwokufananidzira mumabhuku, mudetembi akanyora nhetembo, kunaka inzwi risingagoni kutaura chero shanduro.

Pasinei aiva nyanduri French Rimbaud airidza chihombe basa ramangwana rake. Pashure kunyatsoziva vaduku Arthur Paul akamutora pasi bapiro ake. Akanga akamirira Nyanduri kwedzimba, kunyange kwekanguva kuti kurenda nzvimbo, kunyange zvazvo akanga asina akapfuma naye. mashandiro avo yakapedza makore akawanda: pashure Verlaine akasiya mhuri, vachifamba, akadhakwa uye zvorudzi sezvo kwavaigona.

Apo Rimbaud akasarudza kutiza wake anoda, Verlaine akapfura naye chiningoningo. Kunyange zvazvo munhu wacho retracted mashoko, Paul Verlaine akatongerwa makore maviri mujeri. Pashure paizvozvo, iye haana kuzovazve. Nokuda kutadza kwenzanga kusiya Artyura Rembo, Verlaine uye ndisingakwanisi kudzokera kuna wake - iye akaita kurambana uye chose.

Giyom Apolliner (1880-1918)

Mwanakomana Polish aristocrat, akaberekerwa Rome, Giyom Apolliner ndohwavo France. Maiva muna Paris, akararama kuyaruka uye mukuru, kusvikira parufu rwake. Kufanana nevamwe French vadetembi nguva, Apollinaire akanga achitsvaka nzira itsva uye nemikana vakatsvaka zvinotyisa - uye akabudirira.

Mushure Bhuku prose chinoshanda mweya unzenza nemaune uye Mini-muunganidzwa wenhetembo "Bestiary, kana Orpheus motorcade", rakabudiswa muna 1911, Giyom Apolliner rinobudisa rizere rokutanga-urefu nhetembo muunganidzwa "Doro" (1913), iro pakarepo Akakwezva kushaya girama, Baroque mufananidzo uye matauriro akasiyana.

Collection "Kaligrammy" akaenda mberi - ose nhetembo hunoumba muunganidzwa ichi, rakanyorwa zvinoshamisa: mabasa mitsetse yakarongwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana silhouettes. meso muverengi rinooneka mukadzi heti, senjiva, iyo Riri Kuwedzera Zvinoshamisa pamusoro patsime, vhasi maruva ... chimiro urwu ndima dziri akapfuura. Nzira, panzira, haisi itsva - kupa nhetembo akatanga kuumba kunyange yeBritain iri XVII remakore, asi panguva iyoyo Apollinaire kumbofungidzira kwaita "otomatiki kunyora", iro saka vaida Surrealists.

Shoko rokuti "surrealism" ndohwavo Guillaume Apollinaire. Akazviratidza pashure inoshandiswa pakutsigira ake "surreal mutambo" "ohumhandara Tiresias" muna 1917. The denderedzwa vadetembi naye ari musoro kubva iyoyo pakuzivikanwa surrealists.

Andre Breton (1896-1966)

For Andre Breton vakasangana Guillaume Apollinaire akava nhangaruvazhe. Zvino mberi, ari muchipatara, apo wechiduku Andre, chiremba nokurovedza, akashanda somutariri zvokurapa zvakarongeka. Apollinaire aiva contusion (chaenga imwe projectile yakarova musoro), achibva haana kuzovazve.

Kubvira 1916, Andre Breton anoshingairira mubasa chains-garde nhetembo. Akasangana pamwe Louis Aragon, Filippom Supo, Tristan Tzara, Paul Eluard, anowana kuti nhetembo kuti Lautréamont. Muna 1919, pashure pokufa Apollinaire, vananyanduri epatazhisty kutanga kuronga kumativi André Breton. Uyewo anoenda pamwe Filippom Supo rondedzero "Magnetic minda" gore rino, rakanyorwa nzira "zvaitika kunyora."

Kubvira 1924, pashure kuziviswa kwemashoko Manifesto pakati Surrealism rokutanga, Andre Breton akava musoro sangano. In imba yake pamusoro Avenue Fontaine anovhura Bureau surreal ongororo akatanga kubudisa magazini. Yakanga kutanga zvechokwadi dzakawanda sangano Anotsvaka akafanana Office akavhurwa mumaguta akawanda munyika yose.

French yechiKomonisiti nyanduri Andre Breton nesimba kuti tisimudzire vatsigiri vake kuti abatane Communist Party. Iye saka vakatenda nevatambi echiKomonisiti, izvo kunyange akava musangano Lvom Trotskim kuMexico (kunyange panguva iyoyo akanga vakadzingwa kubva Communist Party).

Louis Aragon (1897-1982)

mubetseri True uye komuredhi Apollinaire, Louis Aragon kwaiva André Breton kuti rworudyi. nyanduri French, muKomonisiti kusvikira ake okupedzisira mweya, muna 1920 Aragon akabudisa muunganidzwa wake wokutanga nhetembo, "Fireworks", zvakanyorwa manyorero surrealism uye Dadaism.

Pashure pavanopinda nyanduri ari Communist Party muna 1927, pamwe chete basa rake Breton wakashandurwa. Ari dzimwe nzira vava "inzwi bato," uye muna 1931 kusungirwa pasi nhetembo "Red Front", azadzwa nomudzimu mumwe incitement ngozi.

Peru Louis Aragon uye ndowenyika "History of USSR." The neururami echiKomonisiti, akatsigira kusvikira parufu rwake, kunyange zvazvo basa rake kuchangobva zvishoma shure tsika realism, kwete mavara ari "dzvuku."