Nyanduri French Pol Elyuar: Biography uye mabasa

Pakati French vadetembi remakore rechi20 mune dzakawanda zvechokwadi matarenda vanhu. Pasinei nokuti zviitiko risingakanganwiki mu Europe "vasanyanya" kudiwa vanhu kuti yepamusoro uye mabhuku ano, boka revanhu okusika vakakwanisa kuumba unyanzvi idzva, izvo pakupedzisira akawana mvumo pakati pavanhu.

Mumwe creators ari "mabhuku matsva" raiva Pol Elyuar. Mudetembi akasangana nematambudziko akawanda, asi haana kurega munzira dzaro huru zvinangwa - chokusika maonero matsva oupenyu uye kuvandudzika ose kwomutauro siyana. Yakakurumbira Pol Elyuar, kwaakanga aberekwa, chii akararama, ake Kubudirira rokusika uye munhu akundikana - izvi zvose kuti kuziva kukuchidzira mabhuku ainakidza emutauro French.

makore nyanduri Early

Eugène-Emile-Paul Grendel (ainziwo Pol Elyuar) akaberekwa December 14, 1895 mu Saint-Denis, France. Nechekare muna 1908, kuvonga kuna Baba nani ngaakuitirei Paul, uyo zvaibatanidzwa zvivako, kwakabva mhuri yakatamira Paris. Kazhinji, Grendel vakakwanisa zvakanaka kutenga dzimba dzakanaka uye kutandara, kunyange vakanga asina kupfuma zvikuru.

Eugène-Emile-Pol ros akangwara mbudzana pamwechete kukuru zvinogona. Haana dambudziko kupinda dzakakwirira kwokutanga Academy, anogamuchira rugwaro vaine hwakawanda. Zvirongwa - kuramba dzidzo yavo uye nebasa guru.

Asi dambudziko isina remangwana kuchera utano: muna 1912, panguva rwendo kuSwitzerland, mudetembi mukuru ramangwana wanikidza pulmonary insufficiency, etc. - tiibhii. Studies vaifanira kusiya uye uende pachipatara pacho kusvikira 1914. Asi pasinei nezvinetso zvoutano, nguva iri zvakanaka yakabudirira, uye Pol Elyuar paanosangana mudzimai wake weramangwana - Elena Dyakonov. Beautiful, akangwara, akangwara musikana saPauro vari peziso.

Iye pakarepo vakakunda mwoyo waPauro, uye anotanga kunyora mabasa ake okutanga. How kuudza kana nyanduri nhetembo okutanga vakazara boyish, rakanyorwa awkwardly, asi sensually. Kwozouya nezvechikamu chokutanga, aunopiwa Eluard achizvibhadharira zvaanoda.

"Gala", akanyatsoti kuzivikanwa Elenu Elyuar, kumanikidzwa kuenda kuRussia. Lovers vanoda kuroorwa, asi amai Fields pamusoro mubatanidzwa akadaro. Mune ramangwana, ichi huchachinja mukadzi nyanduri, uye achava mukuru neMuse. Kunyange zvazvo pakutanga nguva dzose kushanda pazuva rechipiri, vakafunga Pol Elyuar - mhuri. Photos kuti zvakachengetedzwa kusvikira nhasi, dzinoratidza kuti pakutanga, iye akariisa kuzvidzora Kuziva.

War - sezvo mutsva padanho okugadzira zvinhu

Muna 1914, Eluard vanounganidzira mberi. Makore mashoma nekuda zvoutano, Paul anomanikidzwa "gara" muchipatara. Ikoko akatanga vasangana hondo "zviso zvakatarisana", anotanga kufunga hwake.

Kusvika 1917 Eluard uye asingauyi kuenda mberi. utano Poor chinoita huzivikanwe, wakawanirwa kuhondo, haagoni kuva. Zvino mabasa ake itsva kuti zvinobatana hope ouduku uye dombo hondo nesimba. Yakabereka kunyange chiduku nekabhuku kandainyora nhetembo "Duty", apo kokutanga yakasainwa nokuda rekunyepedzera Paul Eluard - unonzi mbuya.

On pamberi nyanduri rikawira kwemavhiki mashoma, apo nokuda varombo ezvinhu yokutanga kwake utano matambudziko. Zvakaitika izvi zvachose chinopinda mune ndangariro Nyanduri uye chakamubatsira. Paul aiziva kuti kwenguva itsva iri kuuya, vainzwisisa musiyano upenyu musoja pemigero, uye musoja musha.

The itsva post-hondo panguva

Muna 1917 akadzokera kuFrance Gala uye Paul pakupedzisira anotora mukadzi wake. Elena uye hondo ndangariro kuva huru Tuso nyanduri, anomupa chido chokurarama. Kwapera gore, mhuri ine mwanasikana Cecile uye Paul akasunungura dzakaunganidzwa "Poems munguva yorugare."

Pashure pehondo France intelligentsia haafuridziri tariro. Vamiririri mifananidzo kana kugadziridzwa kuti nheyo itsva uye dzakakurumbira kuitika, kana kuti "chinhu remakore." Language uye tsika nemagariro periodicals vave kwezvipimo, uye paiva kudiwa chinhu chitsva.

Dada nemabasa Eluard

Nokukurumidza, Pol Elyuar, "anowana pachake" pakati penhengo kwenzanga, "Dada." Kwaiva kuenda vanhu zvakafanana dzidziso iyi inobva, vaya vanofarira nemagariro kukura muFrance uye Europe. Ikoko, mudetembi mukuru ramangwana kuwana kwete chete pedyo naye shamwari mweya, asiwo kutanga mabhuku kuedza.

Nokukurumidza, Pauro anotangazve pachake magazini inonzi "chinoti" (Proverbe). Pane dzinobudiswa vazhinji mabasa ake, uyewo mamwe mabasa Dadaists. Asi ukama navo kuipa, maonero avo diverge, uye muna 1924, Paul, pashure kurwa nomumwe nhengo dzeboka, uye misa mabasa ayo ari "Dada", kunyange chichiri neshasha seri boka kwemakore akawanda.

Period surreal ndimi

Muna 1924, upenyu Eluard anouya rima bhendi. Matambudziko emhuri, nenharo vabereki, kushaya "neshamwari" pakasikwa munhu simba zvakaipa pamusoro kufara Nyanduri, uye akasarudza kuenda Marseille. Mushure Bhuku "To kufa nokuti haana kufa," akangoerekana mashizha asina kuudza munhu, kunyange hama dzake dzapedyo, kusanganisira mudzimai wake, tenda akanga afa.

In hafu gore aifamba nyika, mushure tsamba wake muAsia kunouya pamwe Maksom Ernstom uye Pauro pashure asvika kumba ndiko yakabatana "chitunha" boka. Outlook pamphleteers uyo aifunga surrealism rokusika ramangwana akakwana, sezvakaita munyori uye akazarura kumiganhu itsva nhetembo yake uye prose.

Nokufamba kwenguva, Europe akadzidza kuti Pol Elyuar - nyanduri French, vakakodzera kunzi kukuru. unhu hwake akafuridzira vanhu kuti chimurenga, kunoshanda ose zuva kuwana mafeni itsva, asi Pauro akazviwana itsva, kujairika uye kunyange noshamisa zvokushanda unyanzvi hwake.

Love Triangle: Eluard, Gala uye Dalí

Zvapupu iyoyo vanoti hukama Pauro wake vakanga kujairika. Vose vaiva vakasununguka mumwe, asi panguva iyoyo akaramba kwemakore akawanda pamwe chete. Zvinonzi Pauro Gala kunyange achinja pachena kune mumwe, asi panguva imwe chete, vave vakavimbika kune mhuri dzavo.

Muna 1929, Gala uye Pauro kuenda itsva shamwari nyanduri - Salvador Dali. Pol Elyuar aida kusuma wake mudzimai ane unyanzvi, pasina pfungwa yokuti kujairirana ungadzokera rudo Triangle. Kunzwa pakati Dali uye Galoy akazviratidza anenge pakarepo, uye mubatanidzwa mutsva uyu akaenda vabatsirwe zvose.

Pol Elyuar, kunyange zvazvo akarwadziwa nokuda kuenda wake, hapana zvinonyadzisa uye kuita hasha. Akango akasiya, vakapota rwendo nyika. Mune ramangwana, Salvador Dali kunyange kuzochera mufananidzo Paul uye kumuonga nokuda kwake "neMuse" itsva. Nokukurumidza zvinoitika kuti chaizvoizvo Gala Dali kubatsira kukudziridza matarenda avo zvinhu uye kusvika pamusoro.

Pol Elyuar, vane Biography uye saka akanga azere nguva zvakaipa zvakasiyana, nepaburi retsono kuparadzana ichi.

New rudo Eluard

Paul haana refu ndoga, uye nokukurumidza basa "chikuru neMuse" zvinotora Mariya Bents - mutambi, muimbi uye munyori pasi rekunyepedzera of NSE. Zvaisiyana zvakangwara Gala nokuda nomwero ake, nyore uye kudzikama. In Nush aiva dambudziko tsvarakadenga zvakaoma, iyo zvinoratidzwa wake maitiro. Akazvarwa uye vakakurira mumhuri dzinodzungaira vemifananidzo, saka aiziva "nemazango" vose upenyu mumigwagwa.

NSE akazarura itsva zvokushanda tarenda Paul, vakauya kuna basa rake idzva yokuti shoko rokuti "rudo." Mumakore refu makore 16 Nush yakaramba Nhongonya mweya wezvose Nyanduri. Rudo anofa kana pakarepo muna 1934 anofa Nush parimwe mumigwagwa Paris.

Munguva yeHondo Yenyika II

Kunyange asati Nazi Germany yakatanga muchiuto kurwisana, Pauro aiva mafungiro kuti hurumende. In ake pfungwa, zvakakosha kuti tirambe kuenzana rehurumende. Muna 1939 mudetembi vanounganidzwa kuti rinorwisana Hitler.

Panguva mberi, akaona kwete zvinhu zvitsva chete tarenda, kwokusunungura nyika nhetembo mabhuku akawanda, asi akaratidzawo amene kuva pachivande. Kwemakore akawanda, chikuru basa Fields aiva kusunungurwa France kubva vanopinda nechisimba uye vagarisane mundima.

Kubvira 1942, France akatanga vakawanda yaiuya vanotsigira utongi hwechiKomonisiti, uye Pauro akava nhengo Communist Party. Chido kutiza yechiFascist joko raiva guru iri nyanduri wacho upenyu, uye kwakaratidzwa acho. Patriotic mabhuku rava chiso idzva basa Paul Eluard, uye France tariro kusunungura. Pol Elyuar, ane basa aenda kuburikidza zhinji kuchinja, akaramba ari kuyeuka France, kunyanya sezvo mudetembi echimurenga, rusununguko anorwisa.

Pamakore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake

Death Nush kukanganiswa mudetembi. Akanga oga ino uye kwete kuwana pachako mairi. Kwenguva yakati iye kunyange akafunga kuzviuraya. Hondo yapera, neMuse akafa uye Pauro haana kuwana pachake munyika ino. Kwemakore akawanda, mabasa ake vakazadzwa nokusuruvara vepachokwadi inoganhurana nyika mufaro wavo nehurumende.

Rudo rwake okupedzisira - Dominica, akasangana pfupi asati afa. Muna 1952, vava nemakore nemakore 57, mudetembi akafa nechirwere chomwoyo. Pol Elyuar, makore oupenyu iyo kwakaitika munguva dzakaoma nokuti nyika, akasiya nhaka huru munhoroondo France.

Pol Elyuar: dzinonakidza chokwadi kubva Biography

• Pashure pokufa nyanduri parwendo okupedzisira vakaperekedza zviuru zvevanhu muParis.

• Muna 1952, Eluard akaita muMoscow pazuva rakafa Viktora Gyugo.

• Muna 1952 vakava Kumukundi the World Award.

• Kusvikira kumugumo woupenyu hwake Pauro yakambotora wake aimbova mudzimai, mune tariro kuti aizodzokera kwaari. Kuti, kubva kuremekedza murume aimbova murume, handizi murume Dali kusvikira nyanduri afa.

• Pashure Kuziva Picasso, Pauro akanyora "Kukunda kwakaita Guernica."

• Mapepa basa Paul Edyuara dumped ndege pamusoro Paris panguva Second World War.