Mudetembi Apollon Maikov: Biography, okugadzira zvinhu

Maikov Apollon Nikolaevich - akakurumbira nyanduri Russian. Akararama muzana remakore rechi19 (1821-1897). The unyanzvi nhaka nyanduri uyu kufarira nguva yedu kuti anotaura undoubted tarenda rake.

Origin A. N. Maykova

Zvinofanira kunzi Apollon Maykov haana chete mumiririri chipo mhuri yake. mhuri Ancient Nyanduri akanga akapfuma aine mano vanhu. Muzana remakore rechi15 akararama akakurumbira Russian mufundisi kn Sorsky, uye ushe Catherine akashanda nyanduri Vasily Maikov.

Baba gamba vedu waiva academician kuti kupenda. Dzimwe nhengo dzemhuri yake uyewo vaiva vakadzidza. Amai - mushanduri uye nyanduri, valerian mukoma - munyori uye mabhuku mutsoropodzi, uye Leonid, mumwe Apollo mukoma - muparidzi uye anodzidza zvakaitika kare.

Childhood makore okuyaruka, bhuku rokutanga nhetembo

Childhood Apollo Nikolaevich yakawandisa wemunda, raiva baba vake. Raiva pedyo Utatu-rwacho Segiyo Lavra. mhuri Maikova muna 1834 vakatamira St. Petersburg. Apollo sezvinoita mwana anonakidzwa zvose mabhuku uye kupenda. Zvisinei, pfupi-kwehurumende kwavatadzisa arege kutevera tsoka baba vake. In wokutanga kuedza prose Maikova anoratidza simba Gogol. Zvadaro ndakatanga kufarira nhetembo Apollon Maikov. Biography yake iyi iri anoratidza kurovedzwa St. Petersburg University, rorusununguko Mutemo. Apedza, Apollon Nikolaevich yakabudiswa bhuku rokutanga nhetembo dzake. chiitiko ichi chinokosha kwakaitika muna 1842.

Trip kunze, nhetembo itsva

Zvegore, Apollon Maykov akaenda kunze kwenyika. Pano akagara kwemakore anenge maviri. Mike akateerera muParis hurukuro nemasayendisiti nomukurumbira. Paaiva kuRoma, akatora chikamu kunwisa vemifananidzo Russian, akanyora nhetembo, akaita yokunyora nokudhirowa, akaenda pebhiza akatasva Valley Roman. Mugumisiro vakawana yaiva enhetembo kutenderera pazvidhindo Maikova "yokunyora nokudhirowa Roma" (rakabudiswa muna 1847). Rakanga vachigara Italy, muna nyanduri basa chinhu chokutanga scrapped. Apollon Maykov karambana anthological nhetembo uye akatanga kutsvaka inonzi nhetembo, pfungwa uye manzwiro. Maikova akarega kutifadza akwegura. Akasarudza kuenda chipo. Somugumisiro, kwaiva Portraits pavagari Rome (Lorenzo, "Capuchin", "Mupemhi").

Homecoming

Tichidzokera yokumusha kwake, mudetembi vakatanga kushanda muna Rumyantsev Museum pachinzvimbo mubatsiri raibhurari. In yechipiri yezana 1840s panyaya yokukurukurirana ayo yaisanganisira Nekrasov, Grigorovich, Turgenev, Belinsky. Apollon Maykov paaibva pokudzora yepanyama chikoro. Naizvozvo, vazhinji inobudiswa "Anocherechedza of Yababa". The "Petersburg Collection" Nekrasov rakabudiswa nhetembo yake "Masha" muna 1846. A shoma apfuura zvakanga akasikwa mumwe nhetembo, "Vaviri wematambudziko", iro rinotaura nyaya "okushamisira" munhu.

Kukurukura Petrashevists uye rakapepetwa "Moskvityanin"

Apollo Nikolaevich mumakore iwayo akanga ideologically pedyo Westernism. Iye vakapindira munyaya sangano Petrashevists kuburikidza mukoma wake valerian. Zvisinei, munguva pfupi, zvakatanga kudzvinyirira kwavo kuramba kutsoropodza hurumende. Mike akaona utopianism Petrashevists kufamba, "yakawanda udyire," "yakawanda maturo" uye "zvishoma rudo."

Riri dambudziko Apollo Nikolaevich aiva mupepeti "Moskvityanin". Pano pakarepo kuwana chete Kupinda, asi kutsigira maonero avo. Mike akaramba misimboti yebudiriro kuWestern Europe. Pfungwa akaenda kuburikidza yake yose muunganidzwa "1854", iyo wairatidza zvakarurama maonero Maikov chiduku. Chimwe muchinjikwa nokuveza dingindira bhuku rakanga enhoroondo basa yeRussian wehurumende, iyo nzira yokuzvarwa nayo kuWest gurusvusvu Batu uye pakudaro kudzivirira kurasikirwa European yebudiriro ( "Claremont Cathedral" uye vamwe.). Zvadaro Mike akava wepachokwadi monarchist. Aidavira noukuru Nicholas I.

okugadzira zvinhu 1850

Sezvazvakanyorwa zvinoitika nyanduri ose wechokwadi, okugadzira zvinhu Maikova 1850 Pfungwa mazano zvikuru vakwanise. Zvaakasika mabasa ari pasocial dingindira (idyl "Dununu" dzinoti "Everyday Thoughts"), nhetembo idelogizirovannogo enyika hunhu. Panguva iyoyowo Mike akanyora nhetembo kuti mberi anthological uye aesthetic Misimboti nhetembo yake nguva yokutanga. Zviri pamusoro zvinogara izvi, sezvo "Cameos" uye "Fantasia." Pakupera 1850. paiva Zvinonzi "House," "Musango", "Rain", "Spring", "haymaking". Mumabasa aya tinogona tichingonzwa yaimbova harmonic Maikova maonero pamusoro pezvisikwa. Zvisinei, zvino, chinoratidza pacharo ari Russian musha nzvimbo yokunyora nokudhirowa.

"Autumn"

Muna 1856 iye akasika rimwe yakakurumbira nhetembo Apollon Maikov. "Autumn" - sezvo akaritumidza. Nyanduri makore okutanga Aifarira kuvhima, asi kazhinji kuwana ndichifunga kuti mafaro zvikuru nayo munorwira zvavaisiita kufamba musango pasina hounds uye pfuti. Aida chaizvo gumbo Raking mashizha, inzwai crackle kuti manyoro ... Zvisinei, mudondo mumatsutso kunyimwa chakavanzika uye kutadza kunzwisisa se "svyanul okupedzisira ruva", "derailed rokupedzisira mupengo." Uye nyika ino anobereka Nyanduri wamboonekwa manzwiro ...

Marine rwendo

Italian dingindira chakamukazve chava Sangano nemabasa N. Apollo muna 1859. Izvi zvakanga zvakafanira kuti iye, pamwe nevamwe vatsvakurudzi akaita wengarava rwendo, vachishanyira echiGiriki zvitsuwa yezvitsuwa. Ngarava ave nechikepe, zvaisina kusvika Greece. Aifanira kugara Naples. Saka pane imwe kutenderera sezvo pamuviri Maikov Apollon Nikolaevich, ndakawana maviri. "Album Neapolitan" akasikwa vokuItaly nefemero. Zviri mhando itsva mundima, dingindira iyo - upenyu vanhu Naples. Somugumisiro kudzidza nhoroondo uye tsika Greece vaiva "Modern Greek Rwiyo" ( "kumedza vakamhanyira," "Lullaby" uye vamwe.).

Mumwe ake nhetembo yakakurumbira ndiye "Lullaby ...". Apollon Maykov vakasika basa iri muna 1860. Vanopfuura 20 Vanyori munguva yake akanyora nziyo kwairi. Pakati pavo Chesnokov, A. Arensky, V. Rebikov, P. Tchaikovsky.

Pamakore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake

Mumakore 25 apfuura oupenyu hwake Maikova vanofarira mibvunzo husingaperi upenyu. Akanga achifunga pamusoro pokumuka yebudiriro. nzvimbo inokosha mupfungwa Maikova panguva ino ndakabatikana, nokutapwa nyika yedu, ayo kare uye aripo, ayo munhau. Muna 1880, Apollo Nikolaevich akasikawo anoverengeka nhetembo, dzinoratidzwa rakadzika rezvitendero uye pfungwa yokuti chitendero kuzvininipisa - a pachena chepfungwa vanhu Russian (! "Usiku husingaperi hunouya ...." "siya, siya ..", etc.).

In mhedziso

Merezhkovsky mubhuku rake rinonzi "Shamwari Vokusingaperi" akanyora Mike Apollo - nyanduri, vane mararamiro akanga chiedza kumeso. Kana kutambudzwa kana vavengi, kana kuchiva, kana kurwisana haana mariri. Paiva nhetembo, mabhuku, kufamba, mhuri mufaro, nokubwinya. Zvechokwadi, Biography ake akanga malopoetichna: akafa pamusoro scaffold, kana duel, haana kutevera, haisi anotambudzika kuchiva. Apollo Maikov zvose kwokunze aenda mukati. Biography yake chaiyo, magumo wechokwadi waiva nzira yake kubva kuvaRoma uye navaGiriki kuti Russian chokwadi, nhoroondo dzavanhu, Bhaibheri nhetembo uye mibvunzo husingaperi kuvapo.