Mabhuku ongororo ode "Felitsa". Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin ode "Felitsa"

History of ode "Felitsa" Zvinofadza nekuti Gabriel Derzhavin ari kuda kufadza Empress akanga yakavakirwa basa rake basa yayo, rakabudiswa nguva pfupi asati riparadzirwe diki. Sezvingatarisirwa, zvakajeka matarenda mudetembi nyaya yakatanga kuridza zvakawanda vapfumi mavara, mukuwedzera kune izvozvo, nokuita nhoroondo Russian nhetembo imwe manyorerwo matsva nyanduri Celebrity.

ongororo odes

"Felitsa" riri vakashongedzerwa ane musoro wenyaya muchikamu kuti anojekesa chinangwa achinyora chidimbu ichi. Inoti kukokwa kuti vachenjeri Princess Tatar wamambo uyo vakagara muMoscow, asi zviri bhizimisi muSt Petersburg. Uyewo chichtatelya nokunakidza chokuti ode zvichipomerwa rakashandurirwa kubva Arabic. Analysis ode "Felitsa" kutanga usingabereki kuridza chizvarwa Russian kana maArab zita.

Chokwadi kuti zvakanzi saka zita heroine kwayo, Catherine II muna zvakaedza yake muchinda kuiisa chlorine. Shumirai sezvikonzero kuti mutauro Italian (pano tinogona kuyeuka munhu akafanana Cutugno, vachidanidzira "Felicita") rinoshandurudza rechiLatin rokuti "Felitsa" (Felitsa - felicitas) sezvo mufaro. Saka Derzhavin akatanga Kudza Empress kubva pakutanga mutsetse, asingagoni zvino kurwisa uye pamusoro Satire iri rondedzero yake zvinokukanganisa.

unyanzvi kwetunhu

Analysis ode "Felitsa" rinoratidza installation pamusoro vanhuwo, vakagamuchirwa panguva yakatarwa ode zvokurumbidza zvevakomana. Zvarakanyorwa tradition strofikoy ode - desyatistishiyami, uye, sezvo kutarisirwa, iambe tetrameter. Asi asati Derzhavin hapana munhu achiri akamboda batanidza mbiri pakatarisana vari kukanganiswa of Genre - a hombe ode nokurumbidza uye kumunyomba enyika satire.

Chokutanga kwaiva ode kuti "Felitsa". Derzhavin se "akapindira shure" iri kwayo utsanzi, maererano nokuzadzika chaiyo mamiriro ezvinhu enyika Genre, dzinenge tichienzanisa "Poems pamusoro pakuberekwa", izvo kunyange strofikoy asina kuparadzaniswa. Zvisinei, pfungwa iyi haazombotaurwi panongovira muverengi chinokunda wokutanga stanzas shoma. Achiri kunyange ode sezvamunoita "Felitsa" ndizvo zvikuru vakwanise murayiro uri usage.

Ngano "Felitsa"

Zvinofadza kuti funga chii vavariro chakaita kuti Derzhavin anyore ichi "dzinoshandisa ingano", waimira sezvo nheyo inokosha uye akafanira kana ichi chaiva kuenderera dingindira. Kunenge, akakodzera, uye zvikuru. Catherine II akanyora ngano yake muzukuru wake, asi malenky, asi munguva yemberi mukuru Alexander I. Munguva zvakaedza ari Empress tiri kutaura pamusoro muchinda Kiev kuiisa chlorine, izvo vakashanyira Kyrgyz Khan, kuti aone kana muchinda here akazochena uye akangwara, sezvo vachiti nezvake.

Mukomana akabvuma kutora bvunzo uye kuwana isingawanzowanikwi ruva - ruva pasina neminzwa - akarova mugwagwa. Mumugwagwa, kupindura kukokera Murzas Lentyaga (vachiti zita), muchinda anoedza kudzivisa miedzo yacho muumbozha nungo, raakanga nekutsausa Lentyag. Sezvineiwo, Kirghiz Khan aiva mwanasikana akanaka kwazvo, ainzi Felicia, uye kunyange muzukuru zvakawanda zvakanaka, ainzi Reason. Felitsa akatuma mwanakomana wake kuti muchinda, rakabudiswa tichibatsirwa Chikonzero nechinangwa rwendo rwake.

Bridge pakati rungano uye ode

Yakanga gomo pamawere pasina nzira uye masitepisi pamberi pavo. Zviripachena, muchinda uye pachayo yakanga yava mikukutu, nekuti, pasinei nebasa rakawanda chaizvo uye yokuedzwa, kumusoro, iye achiri akakwira, apo yakashongedzwa upenyu hwake ruva pasina minzwa, kuti ane simba. Analysis ode "Felitsa" kunoratidza kuti, sezvo chero rungano, mifananidzo vari conventionally wokufananidzira, asi Derzhavin mukutanga odes vanowana zvakaoma chaizvo uye zvose odic sumo chaiwo mazano, zvirokwazvo pamukwidzwa Parnassus uye iro Chat pamwe afungisisa anoti, Vachaoma chinotevera raiita vane mwero mifananidzo vana rengano.

Kunyange mufananidzo Catherine (Felitsa) kupiwa nenzira itsva, izvo chaizvo yakafanana zvetsika rumbidzo odopis. Kazhinji odes hunhu unokudzwa anooneka shoma kuratidza mifananidzo mwarikadzi, mumwe mudungwe yakatarwa raive rakasimba rhyming ndima zvakaoma. kupfupika mweya mutinhimira. Pano nyanduri nechido, uye - Chikurukuru - vakapakata enhetembo unyanzvi. Poems hadzina kamhina uye kwete kudza kunyanya pathos. ode hurongwa "Felitsa" ndiko kuti Catherine sokuti muverengi sezvo akangwara asi nyore uye nokushanda Shona kaysatskaya wamambo. It anoridza kubvumirana rokuvaka mufananidzo uye musiyano - mufananidzo wamambo, utsinye uye simbe kupfuura Derzhavin akanakidzwa zvose pamwe ode. Nokudaro kumboitika-siyana Genres, iyo yakasiyana ode "Felitsa".

Derzhavin uye Empress

Pose muimbi iri kuchinja kana toreva nezvenyaya kushevedzera, kana tikafunga kwete chete zvose Russian mabhuku yapfuura uye kunyange nhetembo kuti Derzhavin. Dzimwe nguva ode zvakawanda ruchitedzemuka zvimwe mwari-kufanana mambokadzi, asi izvi zvose, uye ane zvachose umwari iyo inoratidza ode "Felitsa" kugutsikana inoratidza imwe hwepedyo uye ukama, kwete kujairirana, asi kupisa ranyura ukama.

Asi satirical mitsetse Derzhavin inogona dzimwe nguva kunzwisiswa zviviri. Collective zvinhu Jinda vaishora mufananidzo dzose tungamidzana Catherine vanokudzwa, Uye pano kuti nyanduri haakanganwi pachake. Avtoironiya - kunyanya kushoma chokwadi muna nhetembo makore iwayo. Copyright "Ini" haasi isina nhetembo, asi rinojekesa kuti "Izvi, Felicia, ndine dzakafumuka," "Nhasi vanokunda iwe, asi ini ndiri muranda vachida kuti mangwana." The chidzoke iri ode ari munyori wacho "I" - chokwadi romubati rinokosha. Lomonosov zvakare vakatanga ode kuti "Ini", asi sezvo muranda akatendeka, uye Derzhavin munyori - munhu kongiri uye vapenyu.

Nhoroondo nemunyori

Chokwadi, Zvinoumba odes "Felitsa" azere uye asingadi kuitsigirawo yemunyori unhu. Derzhavin kazhinji pasi pasi "Ini" zvimiso mufananidzo munyori wacho muimbi, uyo kazhinji nguva dzose aripo ari odes uyewo satires. Asi pane musiyano; muna ode mudetembi airidza chete mufaro chitsvene, uye satire chete pfundepfunde. "Odnostrunnye" Derzhavin Genres zvabatanidzwa kusikwa munhu mupenyu-nyanduri, pamwe zvachose kongiri upenyu, siyana manzwiro uye manzwiro, ne "polychord" mumhanzi ndima.

Analysis ode "Felitsa" Chokwadi anotarazve kwete anofarira chete, asiwo hasha, kumhura uye rumbidzo mumwe bhodhoro. Nokufamba kwenguva vakanyengera, kuti kumhura. Kureva haazvibati yose basa sezvo zvakakwana kuipa uye munhu mupenyu. Uye zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti munhu wacho ane chisingarambiki maitiro norudzi. Munguva ode! Zvino Pakadaro raizova kumboitika, kana mumwe munhu nhasi kuti kunyora odic nhetembo.

About Genres

Ode "Felitsa", zviri izvo zvakawanda kuzvipokanidza, kufanana inodziya chezuva kudziyirwa nechiedza muhurukuro mukutaura kwezuva nezuva chokwadi, chiedza, nyore, dzimwe nguva tamba, izvo zvinopesana mitemo Genre zvakananga. Uyezve, pano pakanga nevapanduki Genre, vanenge chimurenga.

Zvakakodzera kujekesa kuti Russian classicism vasingazivi nhetembo se "detembo". nhetembo vose zvachose rakakamurwa Genres uye nemifananidzo, nehasha demarcated, uye miganhu izvi zvaiva inviolable. Ode, satire, elegy uye dzimwe mhando enhetembo okugadzira zvinhu yaisagona aivhengana.

Pano tsika Mapato ose dzenhoroondo kuputswa chose mushure makemikari Fusion pamusoro odes uye satires. Izvi zvinoshandawo kwete chete kuti "Felitsa" Derzhavin akaita pamberi uye gare gare. Somuenzaniso, mashoko ode "Pamusoro Death pamusoro Prince Meshchersky" - hafu elegy. Genres muri polyphonic nechiedza ruoko Derzhavin.

budiriro

Got kwakabudirira zvikuru ode ichi pakarepo pashure bhuku: "Munhu wose anoziva kuti kuverenga Russian, akaguma mumaoko" - mumashoko akararama. First Derzhavin vasingafariri zvikuru kuzivisa chinhu ode, kuedza kuvanza rakanyorwa (zvimwe vanoratidzwa uye zvikuru kucherechedzwa namakurukota vakanga nyanya), asi pano pakanga Princess Dashkova uye mhando "Felicia" mu "interlocutor", iro pacharo Catherine II haana kudzivisa pamwe.

Empress ode kwazvo, iye kunyange vakadanidzira nomufaro, akarayira kuti pakarepo kufumura rakanyorwa uye kana zvakaitika, akatuma Derzhavin goridhe snuffbox pamwe chinyorwa uye ducats mazana mashanu mairi. Panguva iyoyo Nyanduri akauya zvechokwadi mukurumbira.