Egipita, Thebes: kare, zvisakamboonekwa mapikicha

Thebes - ndiro guta rekare raiva muna Upper muIjipiti, pedyo Luxor ano. VaIjipiti vekare rinonzi guta ravo "Participation ndiko," izvo zvinoreva kuti "mutemo" ( "akunde guta"), asi vaGiriki rainzi "Fivei" kana "Thebes" (kwete kuti kuvhiringidzwa Thebes muGreece). Homer nezve "stovratnye Thebes". Dzoushe (El Uksur) akaritumidza navaArabhu. Thebans Ancient pachavo mumagwaro dzavo anowanzonzi yokumusha kwavo "Niut", iro kunongoreva "guta".

Wokutanga kutaurwa

Kana paiva guta Thebes (Ijipiti)? Nyaya yake odzokera emakore. The magwaro chokuita III fung. BC. e., kuramba kutaurwa muguta rokutanga. Wokutanga wavo ndezvaJehovha yaitonga Farao Menkaure (Menkaure), uyo akararama inenge BC xxvi remakore. e. Asi pavapenyu guta pashure kare.

The Center of Culture waAmoni

Muzana XXI remakore BC. e. Thebes kubatanidza nyika uye kuva guru yeEgipita, zvisinei, kwenguva pfupi nguva. Izvi zvakaitika panguva yokutonga youmambo XI kuMiddle Kingdom. Munhambo ichi, guta vakatanga kushingaira kuvakwa akakura dzinoyera wemufi madzimambo uye vanamwari. YaAmun, mwari emo, akawana mamiriro ezvinhu. Religious uye enyika muzinda nemasimba ose vakatanga Thebes. NeHurumende anozvidza hombe nzvimbo Sudan ano. Muganhu ukasvika Libya kumadokero. Nepo ruzhinji vanaFarao kuvaka guta akatungamirira chinokosha chikamu pfuma yeIjipiti yekare uye vakawanda ayo kwokunze pfuma. Cultural muzinda yaAmun kweThebes vaiva muIjipiti. Pane zvakavakwa mukukudza mwari wekare temberi huru.

Center zvesangano mamiriro uye yemamongi sangano

Mushure kumutsidzirwa paguta Memphis, iyo yakava guta weIjipiti XIV remakore. BC. e., mashoko Thebes yekare (Ijipiti) rakaramba basa rakakura dzechitendero netsika nechepakati nyika, kunyange kuburikidza emakore, kusvikira kunguva Romans. Pakutanga I mumireniyamu BC Ndiyo musimboti hwoumwari mamiriro, hwakasikwa zasi kweIjipiti, vapristi yaAmun pashure pokuwa Umambo New. Zvino pashure yokumukira maviri (pakutanga - mumakore 205-199, ipapo -. In 199-186 BCE ...) pamusoro Ptolemies, yevaGiriki hwedzinza. With chiKristu muzana remakore rokutanga AD. e. nharaunda Thebes akava mumwe nzvimbo remasangano yemamongi kufamba.

Guta pamahombekombe maviri Nile

VaRoma zvakaparadzwa, kwakaparadza uye vakapamba nezvivakwa vazhinji Thebes. Masayendisiti chete uye mumatongo kubva Suite pamusoro Napoleon akakwanisa kumutsa kubva ayo kumbotsumwaira guta kamwe zvakare. Thebes kare riri pamahombekombe maviri murwizi; kumabvazuva nokumavirira. Tikaudza yokutanga pamusoro kumabvazuva.

The guru muIjipiti yekare, kumabvazuva norwizi yakakamurwa muzvikamu gwara zviviri: kumaodzanyemba Luxor guta rakakura, uye kuchamhembe iri musha Karnak. Mhiri kuno kworwizi kwakanga temberi mbiri yakanaka - Luxor (yaifananidzira pazasi) uye Karnak, vakanga kwakabatana Avenue of Sphinxes.

With anokudzwa umbozha misha, mizinda, chakagadzirwa madhamu uye mapindu miti zvisingawanzoitiki adjoined zvivako chikuru temberi. Gilt tsono obelisk, huru mifananidzo madzimambo, kumusoro neshongwe temberi, pylons vakabayiwa mu nedhaimani denga. Hwindo mawindo misha vakapfuma, mudungwe pamwe mutema uye tekoizi faience usina kukonekita, kurira kuburikidza zvakasvibirira zvakasvibirira yemichindwe, emitsamvi uye womutamarisiki. Skin, ropa midziyo waini, nedhaimani, saka vadikamwa nevaIjipiti, mabasa ounyanzvi vakaunzwa pano yakakunda vanhu weSiria. From Africa rakasvika mapoka pamwe Ebony, nyanga dzenzou, ndarama nezvinonhuhwira.

Kurutivi pamahombekombe aNairi aiva dzokugara mambo, uyewo chihombe necropolis, riri munzvimbo dzemitambo wamatombo. Zvinonzi hunodzorwa Western manhengatenga (Dehenet), iyo yava kunzi "eri-Qurna." Meretseger - mwarikadzi-nyoka ( "rudo runyararo"), Lady kwegomo - kuchengetedza rugare vakafa. Iye kurindwa maererano nengano, haasi chete munzvimbo paMupata Queens uye mupata Kings kuvigwa, asi kumarinda vavakuru venyika zvavo. Kana uchizopa kuenda pano kushanyira, zvakanakisisa kuunza pamwe heti, hwomutambarakede shangu uye kamera. Shandisai camcorder pavaishanyira mupata vanaFarao hakubvumidzwi.

Mupata vanaFarao (Valley reMadzimambo)

Valley reMadzimambo rakakurumbira Thebes (Ijipiti). Photos haagoni kutaura zvose runako rwayo, akachengetedzwa chete muchikamu nhasi. Aidzivirira mupata Kings, sezvatakagamuchira akati, aiva mwarikadzi meretseger. Iyi ndiyo nzvimbo vakasanangurwa Farao Thutmose I (the xxvi dzinza roumambo) kuvigwa kwake munguva yemberi. Iye, pamwe Ineni, dare mapurani, vaitarisira kuti guva mumatombo kupfuura chepiramidhi, yakazaruka anopenya zvose, yakadzivirirwa kubva zvaibiwa kwakaenderera. Kuti kusuma vavhimi zvakatonyanya kuvhiringidza unotiranga, kure kumarinda akafa dzakaiswa temberi. Mumupata vanaFarao riri kumakuva 42. Izvi, zvinenge zvose ndezvaJehovha vanaFarao. Kusiyana nevatongi Umambo Old, ane musoro ari Memphis, Thebes Farao of New Kingdom Nguva mapiramidhi kwete kuvakwa. Makuva racherwa padombo. Vakaedza kuhwanda yokunzvera maziso sezvo kwazvo sezvinobvira. mabwe makuru akazadzwa pasuo reguva, immured navo. Asi mazano izvi hazvisi kuvanunura kubva pakuparadzwa.

chimiro ichi kuvigwa kwemakore 500 zvakaramba zvakadaro uye akavandudzika chete zvishoma. All Makuva yakavakwa nenzira yakafanana. Raiiswa mukoridho ane kureba 200 metres, akaita ari reraimu gomo. Akaenda steeply pasi kuti kudzika 100 metres. Panoperera mukoridho paiva 3 kana 4 mukamuri. The ceilings uye madziro dzimba uye corridors akafukidzwa mavara vanodhirowa, izvo nhasi havana kurasa kupenya kwavo. Vanotaura pamusoro pezvaiitwa uye upenyu wemufi. Secret akawira masuo zvakatungamirira peguva. Yevhu pazvikomo uye zvikomo huru suo yakazonyorwa.

Kubva dzakaonekwa kusvikira nhasi kupfuura kunoshamisa makuva 64 guva Amenhotep II, Thutmoses III, Horemheb, Tut, Network I, Rasesa I, Merenptaha nevamwe. Vanenge vose vekare dzichapambwa. Chete neguva Tutankhamun muna 1922, akanga akawanikwa zvakakwana sanganisika kubudikidza Howard Carter, kuBritain matongo. Tutankhamun akafa pazera remakore 19 uye haana kare rinokosha Farao asi guva rakanga rizere zvishongo, goridhe uye pfuma siyana.

Mupata Navahosi

Thebes (Ijipiti) - haasi chete mupata Kings. dzimwe vakavigwa vakawanda anogona kuwanikwa munharaunda yeguta. Somuenzaniso, pano ndiyo mupata Queens. Zvinofanira kunzi kwete chete Navahosi vakavigwa mumupata uyu. Heino zororo, kunze vanaamai uye madzimai vanaFarao machinda muEgipita vakafa mangwanani. Vanochera iyi necropolis vakawana kumakuva 70. Ivo kuyeuchidza zvavo zvokunze pakuonekwa makuva paMupata vanaFarao, asi kukura kwavo zvishoma duku.

Guta guru rekare weEgipita, Thebes - inzvimbo unogona kuona vakarondedzera guva Nefertari, mudzimai dzaRamses II. guva Izvi inonakidza zvikuru. Its rusvingo nemifananidzo kubva pamasvingo kusvikira kumusoro, zvinoratidza "Book of the Dead." Muviri aumba sezvo azere nyeredzi, zvinozodzikatidza peguva. guva ichi mushure kudzorerwa (muna 1995) yakavhurwa zvakare kune veruzhinji. Zvisinei, kuwana pano ishoma: mumapoka evanhu 10 akabvumira Vashanyi uye maminitsi chete 10. vanhu 150 chete vane nguva yokuongorora zuva.

The Mifananidzo uyewo shongedza masvingo kumarinda avanakomana dzaRamses III, uye Khaemweset Amenherhepeshefa, mangwanani rufu. Pendi rusvingo kupenda sokupenya zvakadaro kwazvo, kunyange nhasi chete aisiya mifananidzo iyi.

Valley vanokudzwa (nechavakuru Valley)

A yakawanda Zvivako yekare zvinogona kuwanikwa munyika akafanana kuIjipiti. Thebes - hapana anosara. Vaiva nzvimbo dzakawanda vanaFarao nemadzimai avo kuvigwa kwete chete. Uyewo, courtiers vazhinji vakavigwa pano, matunhu makurukota uye vaprista vaida kuramba pashure pokufa pedyo vatongi vavo. Makuva kwamachinda kwavo kuumba Valley - yakakura necropolis iri pamwe rokumabvazuva yakatenuka kumakomo. It kunoratidzwa chokwadi 5 makuva, izvo dzikarongwa kumativi siyana mabwe eri-Tarif, eri-Khokha, Kurnet Jakobho murey, Asasif, BSN Abu eri-Naga, uye Sheikh ABD eri-Qurna.

Vazhinji mumakuva ava Thebes (Ijipiti) yakatanga kusvika pakutonga vanaFarao, vaiva ne XVIII uye XIX Dynasties. Kunyange umambo yekare ndezvaJehovha wokutanga kuvigwa Valley. Pano vakanga vakavigwa Theban Middle Kingdom normahov, kureva vabati naFarao aitonga Nome Uaset. XVII chigaro vanafarao panguva Transitional nguva rechipiri nzvimbo asarudzirwa kuvigwa kwavo BSN Abu eri-Naga. Machinda New Kingdom necropolis rikashamiswa yayo Valley reMadzimambo, vachisiya anofungidzirwa makurukota dzakakwirira kumabvazuva.

Makuva Namachinda, Chokwadi, vakanga vasiri sezvo guru sezvo makuva vanaFarao, chiri inozivikanwa kuIjipiti (Thebes). Zvinosanganisira Kazhinji anoverengeka zvikamu - a shoma rakavhurika chivanze masvingo, nzvimbo uye peguva, kusiya pasi. Wokupinda muruvazhe, sezvo XIX youmambo, yakagadzirwa somunhu pylon, kuti ndiro suwo hofori, riri chinokosha mavakirwo zvevoruzhinji netemberi guta Thebes (Ijipiti), uyewo mamwe maguta ekare wehurumende. Kwevafi steles vakanga kuiswa muchivanze. Tsvene vaiva mifananidzo muridzi guva. Mochari chitendero vakafa akaenda nayo pano - verenga magwaro akasiyana-siyana, achipa upenyu hwake simba, iyo vakatenda kuti mumwe zvinoumba evanhu. Grobnichnymi pasikweya namabwe yokumusoro chikamu France. Vakanga immured mu pakukora masvingo "heti" ivhu "ruva" -tsilindry. Special micherechedzo iri dzavo dzokunze divi yaiiswa zita muridzi guva uye ake posthumous mazita uye pasi.

Paintings uye reliefs kumarinda vakuru vari kodzero vaiona ounyanzvi yeIjipiti. Kakawanda, masvingo makuva vanokudzwa graced padariro hwavo. Nepfungwa huru emifananidzo izvi kwaiva kuratidzwa kukuru zviitiko muupenyu munhu aikudzwa uye utano, izvo akakwanisa kuzadzisa. Izvi zvakaitwa kwete chokuzvirumbidza. VaEgipita vaidavira kuti zvose akabatwa pamadziro paguva, chichagamuchirwa takapoteredzwa vakafa muna Sheori uye muuye naye nomufaro. The dzinonakidza kupfuura guva riri necropolis Sheikh ABD eri-Qurna. Pamadziro dzimwe kumarinda akawana vanodhirowa mhemberero pamariro pamwe vachitamba uye vaimbi, dare zvikamu, vanhuwo zvavo kubasa. Kuruboshwe pamadziro kakawanda unoratidza mararamiro wemufi, uye vamwe - muchato wake kuvigwa. pakupedzisira Valley kwamachinda akava nzvimbo yemakuva vanhu vazhinji. Nhasi kwaitanga akazarura makuva vanopfuura 500.

Colossi pamusoro Memnon

mushanyi ose pamuganhu upenyu murenje sand uye minda gorosi vanogamuchira Colossi pamusoro Memnon muna Thebes (Ijipiti). Tours pano zvakare dzakakurumbira chaizvo. Izvi chifananidzo chihombe mumwe munharaunda Amenhotep III. Kamwe vaviri agere nenhamba, ane kureba iri 18 metres, vairinda mukova kutemberi pambiru-mortem of Farao, kwete vakachengetedzwa nhasi. Vakawana yeGirisi Roman ezvivako, izvo ndeyemunguva ushe naMambo Hadrian. colossi izvi panguva yake zvaizivikanwa ndechokuti mumwe wavo pakutanga rakabudiswa kugomera. Zvaidavirwa kuti saka akagamuchira muItiopiya Memnon, uyo akaurayiwa mumaoko achilles panguva Trojan War, EOS, mwarikadzi mambakwedza, yakanga mai vake. Pashure pokudzorerwa kuitwa muna 199 AD. e. Ruzha ikanyarara.

Ramesseum

Usarega vemo zvinokwezva. Thebes (Ijipiti) - guta rine zvakawanda kupa vashanyi. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu - munhu mochari temberi huru yakatsaurirwa kuna mwari yaAmun, akarayira kuvakwa dzaRamses II. Nhasi, tembere iyi anonzi Ramesseum. Akachengetedza kusvikira nhasi chakasakara chaizvo ezvinhu. Temberi iyi yakavakwa kumadokero pamahombekombe guta Thebes (Ijipiti) Penrith mapurani munguva dzekare maererano akakura pamwero hukuru zvakagadzirwa uye zvivako akafanana zvakanga yakavakwa vanaFarao XVIII hwedzinza.

Pamusuo Ensemble iri parizvino kushumira somushumiri shongwe huru yakavakwa sandstone. pamusoro wayo akanga akafukidzwa kupendwa reliefs. Hondo pamwe navaHiti dzaRamses II vakanga vanoratidzwa Bhanabhasi-reliefs. Chivanze rokutanga kunze pylon. rusvingo wokumaodzanyemba kwayo ndiyewo France yamambo, riri pano. Stairway akatungamirira pachivanze wechipiri, rakamiswa pamusoro wokutanga. Giant chifananidzo dzaRamses, 20 metres yakakwirira uye vanoyera ingangoita zvuru. Matani, amire kurutivi rumwe norumwe manera.

Kugamuchirwa horo pamwe 16 mbiru, dzatora nechepakati chikamu yamambo. Nokudaro zvaibvira kuti pachigaro mukamuri uye mudzimba dzomukati amambo. Zvinokonzera yamambo pakanga imba hadzi. Approach kutemberi mochari sehofisi wechipiri chivanze Ramesseum. The pachivanze iri yakashongedzwa porticos. Column Hall akanga 48 pembiru. Makara yadzo zvakakwana vakachengetedzwa. Iye aitevedzera mumatenhere nenhokwe, iyo yainzi tsanga ouduku husingaperi. Wedzimba uye chikuru tsvene, kunamatwa temberi, vari pillared horo. The akakurumbira raibhurari yaiva Ramesseum. Diodorus chipatara inonzi mweya wake. Uyezve, paiva chikoro chikuru nevanyori. Vanochera matongo vakawana pasi guva temberi nomubato sokuvigwa mupristi kuMiddle Kingdom. Magic wands, pemipumburu uye vamwe Masiki zvinowanikwa peguva weguva.

Medinet Habu

The guru weEgipita - Thebes - sezvo ungave wakaona, ndiwo nzvimbo muzvizhinji pamusoro vakakwirira akare kuvigwa. We tsanangura imwe nzvimbo yakadaro. Medinet Habu aimbova matombo, kwaiitirwa kuvaka temberi uye pamakuva. DzaRamses III, modeled pamusoro Ramesseum, akasarudza kuvaka munzvimbo Medinet Habu temberi yake posthumous. Pavanopinda kuti pylons dzinoratidzira noruzhinji okukunda pamusoro vavengi Farao. Kurudyi pasuo regedhi, mukati ravarwi masvingo, amboona vakazvitsaurira kuna vanamwari kare temberi. Kusiyiwa shongwe makuva madzimai mwari yaAmun.

zvinokwezva zvose izvi munokosha kuongorora, kana ukaenda parwendo kuIjipiti (Thebes). Zviri chimwe chinhu - kuverenga tsananguro pavo ndeimwewo - kuona nameso angu. Zvechokwadi inokosha kushanya kuIjipiti. Thebes ari kunyanya kukumbira mafeni ekare kare uye zvakavanzika.