Writer Helena Blavatsky - muvambi Theosophical Society. Biography, okugadzira zvinhu

Writer Helena Blavatsky akaberekwa July 31, 1831 muguta Ekaterinoslav (zvino Dnepropetrovsk). Akanga chakanaka dzinza. madzibaba ake vaizivikanwa kuti vamiriri namachinda. Cousin Helena - Sergey Yulevich Vitte - akashanda se Gurukota rezvemari yeRussian Empire kubvira 1892 kusvika 1903.

Family uye Childhood

Pakaberekwa Helena Blavatsky aiva zita wokuGermany Gan, iyo nhaka yake baba. Nokuti akanga ari muchiuto, mhuri aifanira kuramba kufamba vakapoteredza nyika (Saint-Petersburg, Saratov, Odessa, uye zvichingodaro. D.). Muna 1848, iye akanga avimbiswa kuroorwa Nikifor Blavatsky - gavhuna Erivan province. Zvisinei, muchato hazvina kugara kwenguva refu. Mwedzi mishomanana pashure muchato Helena Blavatsky akatiza kubva kumurume wake, uye akabva akaenda kudzungaira munyika. The chinhu chokutanga paari rwendo vakava Constantinople (Istanbul).

Helena Blavatsky pamusoro Russia wake muduku makore munyika vake vakarangarira noushamwari. Mhuri yakapa yake zvose unofanira kupa dzidzo yepamusoro.

Kufamba achiri muduku

Munguva Turkish guru, musikana akanga kuroorana ndechokuti sekasi mutasvi. Kana netsaona iye akaputsa kwake ruoko, Elena akasarudza kutamira London. The mari akava: iye pachake vakarumbidzwa uye akagamuchira remittances akatumwa nababa vake Petrom Alekseevichem Ganom.

Sezvo Helena Blavatsky havana kumboita dhayari, wake mugumo iri kuongororwa munzendo zvakajeka zvikuru. Vakawanda varo biographers nazvo, apo iye washanyira, uye izvo nzira vaiva chete makuhwa.

Kakawanda, vaongorori taura kuti panopera pakati 40s nomunyori vakaenda kuIjipiti. Chikonzero unokwezva ichi akatanga alchemy uye Freemasonry. nhengo dzakawanda pamakamuri aiva mumaraibhurari avo, mabhuku, zvaida kuverenga, dzaisanganisira etc. bhuku muEgipita "Book of the Dead," "Code weNazareta", "Uchenjeri hwaSoromoni", nekuti navavaki, paiva huru mbiri womudzimu centre - .. kuIjipiti uye India. Ndizvo chete nyika idzi nechokuita vakawanda researches kuna Blavatsky, kusanganisira "Isis Achibhedhenurwa." Zvisinei, aizova kunyora bhuku pakukwegura kwake. In pauduku hwake, musikana dzakawana ruzivo uye anoshanda. ruzivo zvakananga kupinda mupenyu ezvinhu netsika nyika yakasiyana.

Pandakangosvika Cairo, Elena akaenda Sahara kurenje kudzidza yekare Egyptian budiriro. Vanhu ava vakanga vasina chokuita navaArabhu, uyo akatonga emakore anoverengeka pamahombekombe aNairi. Zivo vaIjipiti vekare akaparadzirwa pamusoro nyaya dzakasiyana-siyana - kubva masvomhu kuti mushonga. Vaiva nyaya Kunyatsodzidza Helena Blavatsky.

Shure kuIjipiti Europe. Pano iye vakazvipira unyanzvi. Zvikurukuru, akatora piyano zvidzidzo kubva akakurumbira Bohemian virtuoso Ignatsa Moshelesa. With ruzivo, iye kunyange akapa paruzhinji Concerts mu European makuru.

Muna 1851, Helena Blavatsky pobyla muLondon. Ikoko akakwanisa kusangana kokutanga ane Indian chaiye. Vaiva Mahatma Morya. Zvisinei, kufambidzana nomumwe kuwana uchapupu nezvokuvapo munhu uyu. Zvingava kunge fungidziro Blavatsky, vanoita siyana esoteric uye theosophical tsika.

Zvisinei, kuti Mahatma Morya aiva kufemera pamusoro Helen. Mumakore 50 akanga ari Tibet, uko akadzidza vemo zvemashiripiti. Maererano siyana vanofungidzira Vatsvakurudzi, Helena Petrovna Blavatsky paiva kweanenge makore manomwe, neapo kufamba kune dzimwe nyika, kusanganisira United States.

Paumbwe Theosophical dzidziso

Yakanga mumakore aya akaumba dzidziso vaizviti uye waitsigira mune zvaakanyora Helena Petrovna Blavatsky. Raiva chimiro yaingowanikwa pamusoro theosophy. Maererano naye, mweya yevanhu vakabatana pamwe mwari. Izvi zvinoreva kuti munyika mune ruzivo vamwe mhiri nesayenzi kuti inowanikwa chete kune vapfumi uye vakambovhenekerwa. Raiva chitendero syncretism - muchinjikwa pakati dzakawanda uye ngano vemarudzi akasiyana mune imwe dzidziso. Izvi hazvishamisi, sezvo Blavatsky woga zivo dzakawanda munyika umo akanga ashanyira achiri muduku.

Kukonzera musi Helen akanga Indian uzivi, iyo yakatanga muna voga kwezviuru zvemakore. Blavatsky, Theosophy kwaisanganisirawo chiBhudha uye Brahmanism, akakurumbira pakati vanhu India. Paaidzidzisa Helen kushandisa shoko rokuti "karma" uye "kuberekwazve". Theosophy dzidziso kufurirwa akadaro akakurumbira vanhu vakaita Mahatma Gandhi, Nikolay Rerih uye Wassily Kandinsky.

Tibet

Ari 50s Russia nenguva (saka kutaura vanosvika) akashanya Helena Blavatsky. Biography mukadzi zvakashamisa veko voruzhinji. Akapedza ungana seances, rwakazokura zvakakurumbira St. Petersburg. Mukutanga 60s aishanyira Caucasus, kuMiddle East uye Greece. Akabva akaedza nguva yokutanga kuronga nzanga vateveri uye neshamwari. In Cairo, iye akagadza kushanda. Saka paiva "Svikiro Society". Zvisinei, izvozvo hazvina kugara kwenguva refu, asi zvakanga rimwe ruzivo mubayiro.

Izvi zvakateverwa mumwe rurefu kuenda Tibet - ipapo Blavatsky akashanyira Laos uye Karakoram makomo. Akakwanisa kushanyira cloister, apo pasina munhu akanga aenda pamberi chero vokuEurope. Asi izvozvo zvakanga mueni Helena Blavatsky.

Books mukadzi raiva anotaura dzakawanda Tibetan tsika uye upenyu mutemberi dzechiBhudha. Zvaiva imomo kuti zvinokosha zvakashandiswa ndawana, dzakanga dziri pakadhindwa "Inzwi runyararo."

Kujairirana Genri Olkottom

Mumakore 70 Helena Blavatsky, ane uzivi akava akakurumbira, vakatanga kushanda muparidzi uye mudzidzisi pakunamata. Akabva atamira kuUnited States, uko iye akagamuchira citizenship uye naturalization kwacho kwakaitika. Zvadaro anova chikuru yakabatana Genri Stil Olcott.

Zvakanga gweta, vakagamuchira chinzvimbo konoro panguva American Civil War. Akagadzwa nomumiririri War Ushumiri kuongorora uori ari makambani kuti kupa zvombo. Pashure pehondo, akava anobudirira gweta uye nhengo New York Collegium, ane simba. specialization yake inosanganisira mutero, mari uye inishuwarenzi pfuma.

Kusuma Olcott zvemidzimu zvakaitika shure muna 1844. Pave paya, akasangana Helena Blavatsky, izvo vakaenda wokufamba nyika uye kudzidzisa. Iyewo zvakamubatsira kutanga kunyora basa apo iye chakagamuchirwa kuti manyoro "Isis Achibhedhenurwa."

Theosophical vanhu

November 17, 1875 Helena Blavatsky uye Genri Olkott akavaka nheyo Theosophical Society. Chinangwa chacho chikuru chaiva chido rokubatanidza wakadaro vanhu pasi pose, pasinei nedzinza, bonde, vanhu vakaderera uye nokutenda. Nokuti basa iri pamusoro kudzidza uye kuenzanisa siyana sayenzi, zvitendero uye zvikoro dzouzivi rakanga rakarongwa. izvi zvose zvakaitwa kuti kuziva asingazivikanwi kuti vanhu mitemo yezvinhu zvakasikwa uye zvakasikwa. zvinangwa zvose izvi enshrined ari Charter of Theosophical Society.

Kuwedzera havaoni, izvozvo zvaida vanhu vakakurumbira. Somuenzaniso, zvakanga Thomas Edison - .. Entrepreneur uye muvambi, Uilyam Kruks (President of Royal Society, kemisiti), muongorori wenyeredzi wokuFrance Camille Flammarion, nyeredzi uye occultist Maks Gendel, etc. The Theosophical Society rava chikuva kuti rezvedzidzo gakava uye nharo.

Tanga kunyora basa

Kuparadzira dzidziso sangano, Blavatsky uye Olcott muna 1879 akaenda kuIndia. Panguva iyi mabhuku basa Elena kuwedzera. Chokutanga, mukadzi anogara rinobudisa mabhuku matsva. Chechipiri, izvozvo akagadza pacharo ave munyori zvakadzama uye hunakidze. tarenda rake akafarirwa kuRussia, apo Blavatsky rakadhindwa mu "Moscow Gazette" uye "Russian Journal". Panguva iyoyowo, akanga ari mupepeti wake magazini "Theosophist". Mariri, Somuenzaniso, kutanga akazviratidza muna Chirungu shanduro musoro mutauro yokufungidzira Dostoevsky kuti "The Brothers Karamazov." Yakanga mufananidzo Grand Inquisitor - a nechepakati yechiitiko bhuku rokupedzisira munyori mukuru Russian.

Travel Blavatsky akaumba hwaro yake netsamba uye kufamba manotsi, rakabudiswa mumabhuku akasiyana-siyana. Somuenzaniso, chigadzirwa "marudzi pusa Blue Mountain" uye "kwemasango mubako uye reIndia." Muna 1880, chiBhudha ikava chinhu chitsva dzokudzidza, iyo chaiitirwa Helena Blavatsky. Reviews basa rake rakabudiswa mumapepanhau siyana uye anthologies. Kuti udzidze pamusoro chiBhudha napo, Blavatsky uye Olcott akaenda kuCeylon.

"Isis Achibhedhenurwa"

"Isis Achibhedhenurwa" akatanga bhuku makuru, rakabudiswa Helena Blavatsky. Iye akabuda ari mavhoriyamu maviri muna 1877 uye ine hombe dura ruzivo uye pfungwa iri esoteric uzivi.

The munyori vakaedza kuenzanisa masayendisiti akawanda ekare, kuMiddle Ages uye Renaissance. The acho yaiva vazhinji Links basa Achibvuma pfungwa yaPythagoras, Plato, Giordano Bruno, Paracelsus uye t. D.

Uyewo, "Isis" vaiona dzechitendero dzidziso: chiHindu, chiBuddha, chiKristu, cheZoroastrianism. Pakutanga pamuviri sebhuku kudzokorora Eastern zvikoro uzivi. Basa rakatanga pamusoro avaida mujinga Theosophical Society. The sangano mamiriro ichi wononoka kusunungurwa chigadzirwa. kamwe chete muna New York, zvakaziviswa pokugadzwa racho, vakatanga ndichibvunza basa achinyora mabhuku. Blavatsky nokushingaira akabatsira Genri Olkott, uyo panguva iyoyo yakava huru nomutsigiri kwayo uye collaborator.

Paakanga recollected pachake aimbova gweta, kare Blavatsky haana kushanda nokushingaira uye nokutsungirira kwakadaro. Kutaura zvazviri, ave akapfupikisa mubasa rake ose multi-faceted ruzivo yawana kwemakore akawanda kuenda akasiyana epanyika.

Bhuku racho pakutanga chakazonzi "kiyi masuo asinganzwisisiki", sezvo munyori akati tsamba Aleksandru Aksakovu. Gare gare kwakasarudzwa kuti zita rokuremekedza vhoriyamu yokutanga se "chifukidzo Isis." Zvisinei, muparidzi British, uyo akashanda ari wokutanga edition, ndakaona kuti nezita mubhuku iri zvino (zvakanga zvakajairika theosophical izwi). Naizvozvo, kwokupedzisira shanduro "Isis kufukidzwa" rakazoshandiswa. Kwairatidza ouduku mubereko Blavatsky kuti tsika yeIjipiti yekare.

Bhuku aiva mugove pfungwa uye zvinangwa. Kwemakore, nyanzvi Blavatsky zvakasiyana akagadzira navo. Somuenzaniso, bhuku rokutanga muUnited Kingdom ine okutanga pedyo muparidzi. Mairi, anoudza muverengi kuti bhuku rine vakawanda kwazvo anopa theosophy uye zvemidzimu, izvo chete kwava mabhuku asati. Izvi zvaireva kuti muverengi anogona kuwana sezvo pedyo Pakupindura nezvokuvapo ruzivo rwakavanzika kuti sehofisi tsime zvitendero zvose uye ezvitendero dzavanhu venyika.

Aleksandr Senkevich (rimwe vanoremekedzwa zvikuru vatsvakurudzi Blavatsky Bibliographie) warwo akagadzira mashoko chikuru "Isis Achibhedhenurwa." In basa rake Biography ari munyori, akatsanangura kuti bhuku iri muenzaniso kutsoropodzwa sangano rechechi, muunganidzwa dzidziso pamusoro vanoziva remangwana kana zvinofunga mananara uye zvakavanzika zvakasikwa. "Isis," rinoongorora zvakavanzika Kabbalistic dzidziso, pfungwa esoteric chiBuddha, uyewo kufungisisa yavo chiKristu uye zvimwe zvitendero zvenyika. Sienkiewicz yakataurawo kuti Blavatsky akakwanisa nezvokuvapo chisingaoneki zvinhu.

Pfungwa iri unobhadharwa epachivande. It navavaki, vaJesuit. ruzivo rwavo kwakura ivhu, izvo akashandisa Helena Blavatsky. Quotes kubva "Isis" akazova massively kuoneka mune zvemashiripiti uye theosophical zvinyorwa vateveri vake.

Kana wokutanga shanduro rinonyatsotarira kudzidzwa nesayenzi, wechipiri, nekusiyana, vaiona yezvouMwari mibvunzo. Mumashoko okusuma, munyori akatsanangura kuti mukakavadzane pazvikoro zviviri ndiyo kiyi zivo hurongwa nyika.

Blavatsky vakatsoropodza chinyorwa zivo yesayenzi kuti munhu kwete pakunamata. Munyori vakaedza akamuwana tichibatsirwa dzidziso dzechitendero uye pakunamata zvakasiyana. Dzimwe nyanzvi Blavatsky yakati kuti mubhuku rake rinonzi, rinopa muverengi uchapupu hwakajeka nezvokuvapo mashiripiti.

Wechipiri zvouMwari inoongorora siyana masangano ezvitendero (akadai Church yechiKristu) uye criticizes yavo unyengeri mafungiro nedzidziso dzavo. Nemamwe mashoko, HP Blavatsky akataura kuti vateveri ndatengesa yakatangira (Bhaibheri, neKorani, uye zvichingodaro. D.).

Munyori akaongorora akakurumbira dzezvemidzimu dzidziso vakapikisa nyika zvitendero. Exploring zvikoro izvi mupfungwa, iye vakaedza kuwana chimwe mudzi. Vakawanda zvichemo zvayo vaiva nesayenzi uye Anti-vezvitendero. Nokuti ichi "Isis" zvakanzi vanotsigira dzakasiyana-siyana vaverengi. Asi izvi hazvina akavamisa kutenga vakawanda nezvimwe chikamu vateereri. Kubudirira "Isis Achibhedhenurwa" akabvumira wake richikura Blavatsky ari Theosophical Society, izvo ane nhengo pakona rimwe nerimwe munyika, kubva America kuIndia.

"Voice of Kunyarara"

Muna 1889 akabudisa bhuku "Voice of Kunyarara", tichitsigirwa iroro Helena Blavatsky. Biography mukadzi uyu ane kuti chaiva kubudirira kuedza vabatane pasi rimwe pabutiro vakawanda theosophical tsvakurudzo. The chikuru bhuku rakafuridzirwa nokuda "Voice Yokunyarara" akava munyori garei Tibet, apo akava vakajairana nedzidziso vaBuddha uye yoga upenyu veko dzemamongi.

Panguva ino, Blavatsky haana enzanisa kana kuyera zvikoro zvakawanda pfungwa. Iye akaisa tsananguro textured dzidziso dzechiBhudha. Rine mashoko akakwana kuongorora akadai sokuti "Krishna" kana "Higher Self." Vazhinji bhuku rave anotsigirwa muna muBhudha manyorero. Zvisinei, zvakanga zvisiri chinhu chechi kwamagwaro chitendero ichi. Zvakanga chipo kune ziendamberi Blavatsky rakavanzika zvinoriumba.

Basa iri rava kunyanya yakakurumbira nevaBhudha. Akatsungirira Shanduro dzakawanda kuIndia uye Tibet, uko vatsvakurudzi zhinji yakava kwaida kuverenga. Her akarumbidza Dalai Lama zvikuru. The wokupedzisira (zviya, zvino kurarama) pachake akanyora okusuma kuti "Voice Yokunyarara" iri ramazana gore rokutanga shanduro. Uyu rakanakisisa hwaro vaya vanoda kuziva uye kunzwisisa chiBuddha, kusanganisira Zen chikoro.

Bhuku racho zvapa nokuda munyori Lvu Tolstomu, uyo mumakore ake okupedzisira kuzviita kudzidza zvakasiyana-siyana zvitendero. Endowment Somuenzaniso uye zvino kuchengetwa Yasnaya Polyana. Munyori akasaina butiro, achidana NdiTolstoy "mumwe vashoma vanogona kunzwisisa uye kunzwisisa zvakanyorwa imomo."

Count pachake akataura noushamwari pamusoro chipo mumabhuku avo, apo paainyora zvinobva mudzidziso akachenjera vanofurirwa mabhuku ake ( "Everyday", "pfungwa vakachenjera", "kuverenga denderedzwa"). Uyewo mumwe munyori mune rimwe pachake tsamba dzake akati, "Inzwi iri Kunyarara" rine zvakawanda chiedza, asi anobata nyaya kuti vanhu kazhinji kuziva kwete. Zvinonzi aizivikanwawo kuti NdiTolstoy achiverenga magazini "Theosophist" Blavatsky, uyo chaizvo, sezvataurwa dhayari yake.

"The Secret Doctrine"

"The Secret Doctrine" anonzi wokupedzisira basa Blavatsky, umo iye akataura ruzivo ake ose uye kufunga. Mumakore upenyu munyori mavhoriyamu maviri okutanga dzakabudiswa. Bhuku wechitatu rakabudiswa pashure pokufa kwake muna 1897.

Rokutanga kuongorora uye enzanisa maonero akasiyana pamusoro kwakabva zvinhu zvose. Wechipiri aongororwe shanduka kwevanhu. It akamutsa kwemarudzi nyaya, uye kuongorora nzira kukura vanhu somunhu rudzi.

Wokupedzisira vhoriyamu aiva muunganidzwa nhoroondo dzeupenyu uye nedzidziso dzimwe occultists. Great simba pamusoro "Secret Doctrine" akanga stanzas - ndima kubva muBhuku Dzyan, izvo zvinowanzotaurwa nezvazvo mumapeji basa. Rimwewo yaiva rapfuura bhuku inivhoyisi, "Kiyi Theosophy."

New bhuku vanokudzwa zviri mutauro. Munyori akashandisa guru mari kutaurwa uye zvifananidzo kunotangira dzakasiyana-siyana zvitendero uye zvikoro.

"The Secret Doctrine" aiva kuenderera "Isis Achibhedhenurwa." Kutaura zvazviri, aiva zvakadzika Kutarira nhau akajekeswa mubhuku rokutanga munyori. Zvino basa iri itsva reShanduro Madame Blavatsky Theosophical Society akamubatsira.

Basa achinyora basa iri akakura chaiva muedzo yakaomesesa, izvo ndagura Helena Blavatsky. Books rakabudiswa kare, havana kutorwa zvikuru simba, kufanana nouyu. Papera zvapupu dzakawanda netsamba dzake, iye anoti hachishandi auye pachavo kuti zvizere manyemwe kana peji imwe kuti aenzane makumi nguva.

A rubatsiro huru iri bhuku rino zvapiwa Archibaldom Keytli. Aiva nhengo Theosophical Society muna 1884, uye panguva yokunyorwa ino, aiva mukuru munyori wedhipatimendi yake UK. Uyu kwave rakapepetwa rake murwi machira ane nokukwirira makubhiti. Kumboda kugadzirisa sei nyora uye zvimwe zvinokosha shanduro ramangwana. kwokupedzisira Shanduro Its chaipiwa kuna munyori muna 1890.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti "Secret Doctrine" nechido kuzodzosera verenga mukuru Russian wenziyo Aleksandr Skryabin. Imwe nguva akauya pedyo pfungwa theosophical pamusoro Blavatsky. Murume aigara bhuku padhesiki rake uye pachena vanoyemurwa zivo munyori.

mumakore achangodarika

Kumitambo Blavatsky kuIndia hwakabudirira. Paiva akazarura bazi Theosophical Society, yakanga yakakurumbira pakati vomunzvimbo. Mumakore ake okupedzisira, Elena akagara Europe uye akarega vaifamba nemhaka kurwara. Asi, iye akatanga nokushingaira kunyora. Panguva iyoyo akasiya vazhinji vemabhuku yake. Blavatsky akafa May 8, 1891 muLondon, pashure vachirwara zvakakomba yokuSpain.