Chii kunharaunda Iceland? Area Iceland zviuru ba. Km

Nhoroondo imwe neimwe nyika, chinonakidza uye kunzwisisa. Area Iceland yakaumbwa kwemazana akawanda, pasinei nokuti izvi rudzi chitsuwa. Kuitika nzvimbo munyika ino iri rakakura chitsama. Chii kuita mari hweRoma pachitsuwa? It rinobatanidzwa paumbwe State VaViking? Chii nzvimbo anofukidza Iceland? On ichi uye vazhinji nevamwe - zvakawanda.

paumbwe nyika

Nzvimbo chitsuwa Iceland nhasi 103 zviuru 125 akaenzana makiromita. Asi chii chinoitika nyika emakore akawanda akapfuura? Kokutanga musi Iceland unogona kuwana ruzivo, kudanana IX remakore AD. Asi ano ehurumende chiitiko, iyo anoramba inokosha dzidziso dzayo inotungamirwa. Chokwadi kuti chitsuwa akawanikwa mari yeRoma, izvo zvaishandiswa munguva III remakore BC. e.

chiitiko ichi zvinogona kutsanangurwa ndechokuti gare gare pachitsuwa mari vakauya VaViking, asi zvino haisi kuzivikanwa. Zvichida nzvimbo Iceland akanga amutsvaka pamberi IX remakore. Izvi zvinosimbiswa nemashoko echiGiriki aiongorora uyo ari IV remakore BC. e. Akarondedzera yakafanana ndima.

vamwari Help

Pane dzidziso zvingareva kuti Irish mamongi akawana chitsuwa Iceland. Nzvimbo ndima vaifanira kunyengetera kuna vanamwari vavo. First vakawana kuti Faroe Islands, vakanga vachiri hwasiiwa pasingagarwi, uye gare gare, zvichida, akatambanudza uye "Ice Land".

Pane kufungidzira kuti Thule zita raiva zita magetsi nyika yokutanga. Paiva mamongi pakupera ari VIII remakore, apo Faroe Islands vakanga inogarwa nehama dzavo, ipapo akatanga ruchikonzera makwai uye vakatanga kushingaira upenyu.

zvinhu

Zvinozivikanwa kuti Iceland chitsuwa nzvimbo Akaongorora atova IX remakore. From Norway asvika pano Naddodd vamwe VaViking. Vaifunga kuti kuchava kukwanisa kuvaka upenyu, asi kukwira gomo, havana kuwana chinhu akakodzera. Pavakabva chitsuwa, Zvakafanana nokuwa kwechando uye akapa remangwana ehurumende Naddodd inorira zita "Snow Land".

Akatevera Mushanyi raiva Gardar Svavarsson. Akasarudza kutsvaka kuti nharaunda pedyo nechiwi Iceland, uye kazhinji kuongorora nzvimbo. Iye akananga kwenguva refu nemhenderekedzo, asi munguva yechando zvakanga chikwata zvakaoma kurarama, uye kwakasarudzwa kurega ari kuchamhembe Gulf. Vakabva akaumba yokugara duku, izvo nhasi anonzi Husavik ( "Gulf edzimba").

Next Viking mukundi, makwai Vilgerdarsson akasarudza zvakanaka kubata chokwadi kuti nyika yakadaro, Iceland. Nzvimbo kundima, iye vadarika guta kunotsvaka Gardar. On munzira, iye nevarume vake vakawana Fjord uye vakasarudza akamisa pano. Maitikiro azvakaita akabatanidzwa utsinye chinosekesa nevarume vake, mombe dzose pamusoro yechando akafa nokushayiwa zvokudya. Makwai chitubu kuzoongorora Fjord asi kuwana kuti richiri yakafukidzwa chando, yakapa chitsuwa zita Iceland ( "Nyika Ice").

Nechekare panguva pakuguma IX remakore Colonisation chacho. Vanhu vakaronga hwavo nehurumende hurongwa, uye muna 1000 akaumba kutenda. ChiKristu akava chitendero pamutemo kwavari. Icelanders vakanga vakadzidza chaizvo, saka ivo nokusingaperi munhoroondo mabasa ounyanzvi.

kuyanzva

It saka chinoitika kuti kusvikira 1918 nyika wakarwira kwayo rusununguko, uye Iceland nharaunda mune pachivara mamita. ? km somunhu vaisagona totsunga. First ndaifanira pamwe Norway, kuzorwa Denmark.

Maererano nhoroondo tsaona, kana Danish-Norwegian pamwe yaishaiswa, zvose nzvimbo dzakanga ceded kuna Sweden. Asi pamusoro Iceland "kukanganwa", uye yakaramba pasi Danish utongi. Long nguva vagari kusagutsikana chando Countries akavakazve akagara yake pasi pesimba mamwe masimba. Ivo nenzira yacho akaumba zviremera zvakakodzera, dzidzo yavo uye upfumi gadziriro.

kuregedzera

State akaita akagumisa pamwe muDenmark uye akava yakazvimirira 1 December 1918. The War World First haana kukanganisa chitsuwa, asi akauya pano dambudziko yokuSpain. MuHondo Yenyika II, Iceland akaedza kuramba vasina kwavakarerekera, asi British akachimedura uye akapinda muna Reykjavik chengarava. Muna 1944, chitsuwa yakava zvakazara akazvimiririra mamiriro, Umambo kupanana chinzvimbo muRepublic.

pfupiso

Saka, isu kare kuziva Iceland nzvimbo chacho. Nharaunda ehurumende akatora 103 zviuru ba. Km. nyika ino riri kumavirira kubva kuchamhembe Europe kuchamhembe muAtlantic Ocean. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti kuwedzera chitsuwa chikuru uye dzakapoteredza nyika shoma duku kuva hurumende.

Kana musingadi kurangarira kuti mazizaya akafukidza anopfuura 11.000 mativi makiromita, imwe nzvimbo Iceland pachivara. ? km achava 92 zviuru. Sezvineiwo, nharaunda yose chete kota inogarwa. Nechepakati chikamu chacho ndivo anoputika, minda mazitombo echando.

Pakati pavo kuti vagovere nzvimbo?

Nzvimbo Iceland rakakamurwa Sisley uye dzomumaguta nemaruwa. Sisley, akavapindurawo, akaumbwa mumaguta uye makanzuru. Mumwe mumatunhu guta riri Reykjavik. Riri munzvimbo yokutanga streek chinoshamisa zita Capital Region. Vanosvika 8 kumatunhu chacho uye ukuwo, 8 administrative nzvimbo.

guta

Zvinozivikanwa kuti vose Iceland chitsuwa nzvimbo (ba. Km) kunosanganisira kwete chete pachitsuwa, asi Peninsula. Mumwe wavo guta guru wehurumende - Reykjavik. Zvinotora km² kweItari seltjarnarnes 275 chete. Pano kurarama kupfuura hafu yevagari munyika - 202 zviuru vanhu. The 119,000 dzasara kurarama mamwe maguta makuru: Kópavogur, Hafnarfjörður, Akureyri, Husavik nevamwe.

Vashanyi pachitsuwa kwakaoma chaizvo kurara muzhizha, sezvo hapana anenge asina usiku. Zuva rovira pousiku uye otanga kumuka maawa sezvo mangwanani sezvo 2-3 usiku. Asi munguva yechando unogona kuona "chiedza chena" ndiyo maawa 4 chete pazuva.

nenzvimbo isingatarisirwi

Kutarisa vamwe munharaunda Iceland, imi munoziva kuti chitsuwa ichi zvinoramba zhinji zvakavanzika jogirafi. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti nyika ndiyo chando - imwe nyika duku, iyo yakabuda nokuda rinoputika, kushingaira okupedzisira mamiriyoni 60 makore.

Vaya vasati vambonzwa nyika uye akanga asingafariri kwaari, akashamisika kuti chitsuwa chiri anenge 30 anoputika. Uye sezvo vaviri Iceland nyuchi vanhu, 20 vavo kare vakakanganisa pfungwa dzevanhu. Chimwe dzinonakidza ndechokuti pakati marudzi akawanda anoputika, zvinenge zvose zvakawanikwa pachitsuwa. Kana mukupera 1780s paiva kuputika dzemabota hay, Iceland dhaka rakafukidza chihombe nzvimbo - anopfuura 570 akaenzana makiromita.

Chimwe kunzvaira moto-kufema hofori kwakatanga kare remakore rechi20, kaviri. Mumwe Undersea anoputika mu Iceland muna 1963 akasika chitsuwa - Syurtoye. Uye kubva umwe aifanira kuponesa vagari mutaundi duku pakutanga kwe ma1970.

wo basa

Anonzi kwazvo kushingaira gomo Eyjafjallajökull. basa rayo yakatanga muna 2010, March usiku. Zvadaro, vazhinji aitoziva raiva nechokuita njodzi, sezvo akacherechedza pakupera 2009 zvizivikanwe nemichina basa. A mwedzi pamberi kuputika vakakwanisa kuziva kufamba pasi goko. Uye mangwanani March aigona kubata chakamira pakunodengenyeka zvine vanopfuura zviuru zvitatu pazuva.

Mazizaya yakatanga kunyunguduka nokukurumidza, saka taifanira vatame kuvagari nemisha pedyo. The yendege aifanirawo kuvharwa kwenguva ya nezvirwere. Zuva pamberi activation dzemabota vakatanga zvinotyisa chakamira pakunodengenyeka zvine pevhu pedyo pemvura. Kuputika yakatanga musi March 20 manheru. Zvadaro, chikamu mune imwe rechando wakateura. Pakutanga, gore akamuka ari kiromita kureba, asi yakawanda nemadota vakanga kuchengetwa.

Gare gare, pashure pemazuva mashoma, mvura anopinda mwena, izvo zvakaita kuti kuputika uye kuwedzera mhute kufekuka basa. Pazuva rokupedzisira romwedzi paiva nomumwe rotonhorera, uye pamberi April 5th rinoputika spewed dhaka pamusoro zvose mutswe urefu 0.3 uye 0.5? Km.

Nechekare nechepakati-April, zvakare taifanira vatame vagere, sezvo kuputika rechipiri yakatanga. Zvadaro dota akasimudza mumhepo 8 makiromita, uye mitswi atova 2 makiromita pakureba. Mazuva mashoma gare gare shongwe nemadota akasimuka mamwe 5 km nechokumusoro kwerwizi, izvo zvakakonzera kuti yakarova stratosphere.

Europe, zvakare, akanga nedambudziko basa rakadaro moto-chinofema hofori. nyika April 15 kunge chabvisa vanopfuura zviuru 5 ndege. Denmark uye UK vakaatsinzina dzendege dzavo. Kuwedzera zvemari nezvinhu, vakuru vehurumende vakawanda havana kukwanisa kuPoland kuti mariro purezidhendi.

Ice sezvo bhizimisi kadhi

Iceland zvaisazova "nyika chando", kana kwete yayo huru kukwezvana - the mazitombo echando. Area Iceland zviuru. Km2 akapa pamusoro 11% ava zvakasikwa idzodzo. Uyezve mazizaya yekudyidzana kukanganisa okunze, kasvisto uye Fauna of chitsuwa, uye, chokwadi, iri kwayo nzvimbo.

Kupfuura zviuru 11 mativi makiromita yose yose Iceland akatora idzi huru "Cold Mountain." Chinenge mumwe nomumwe akavanzwa pasi rinoputika, nokudaro pangozi yose kwevanhu. Chokwadi zvinoitika mukati geothermal pezvakaitwa izvo zvinozoita kuti mafashamo. Kana rinoputika anotanga vanoshingaira kutaura pachavo, pane mukana kuputika pasi-chando mvura, iyo inosvitsa refu kufekuka.

Vazhinji mazizaya dziri mukati chacho. Remasangano wavo ane nzvimbo dzinopfuura 8 ba. M. ? km. Just munzvimbo iyi uye ndiyo yakakwirira chitsuwa -. 2109 M vamwe mazizaya All iduku zvikuru.

mvura dzezvimwe

Kuwedzera chando, pachitsuwa pane mvura mvura mamiriro. Kune nzizi dzakawanda kuti vakaumba nokuda kakawanda kunaya. Pasinei chokwadi kuti yakakura zvakakwana, havana kushandiswa senzvimbo senga nzira. Izvi nokuti kakawanda kuchinja tectonic maumbirwo kutungamirira nokuchinja kuyerera uye akapararira chokubuda.

Panewo yakanaka dhamu. Zvikuru nomukurumbira pakati pavo Þingvallavatn uye Þórisvatn. Wokutanga ine nharaunda 84 mativi makiromita uye gobvu achitandadza 114 metres. Nokuti kuti muviri wechisikigo mvura, gungwa vakarinda National Park. Asi Þórisvatn - gungwa pamusoro Iceland. nzvimbo yacho 88 mativi makiromita. Gungwa akasikwa dhamu kuti vaunze magetsi. Nenzira, zvinokosha kuziva kuti, mukusiyana kune dzimwe zvitsuwa reservoirs Þórisvatn ane rakajeka munyoro ruvara.

zvirimwa

With zvinomera nyika akaipa chaizvo. Tinoziva kuti nzvimbo Iceland, tinoziva nhamba mazizaya pachitsuwa. Of nharaunda yose chete kota pachitsuwa akafuka greenery. izvi zvose chokuita pasi. Zviri chicherwa nokuda mazitombo echando uye loess mhando. Asi nhoroondo kunoratidza kuti makore anopfuura 1,000 apfuura nharaunda chitsuwa akazadza-zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zvinomera.

Kumboda Greens chete chikwindi uye uswa kukura pano. Kunyange miti Woody zvakaitwa kare inogarwa 1% yendima, zvino anenge anyangarika. Dzimwe nguva unogona kuona Birch curved nokuda kwemhepo. Mumaguta, rava kupfuura miti, kunyanya Conifers, vari artificially skewer vagari.

Sezvo imi munoziva, Iceland nzvimbo 103 zviuru ba. M. ? km. Fungidzira vavo vakawanda 10% - ndiyo minda dhaka. 60% anopindura matombo placer, izvo chete rinobvumira kukura chikwindi uye lichens. Naizvozvo, nokuti Birch kwemasango uye uswa Mafuro anoisa anenge hapana.

Mhuka kudya?

Zvose zviri interconnected. Flora pasina miti nemhuka zvakazonaka uye fauna of hahugoni kuvapo pasina nemiti. Nokuda sparse zvinomera zviri kutambura uye mhando Kuronga mhuka nyika. Kunyange 1000 apfuura, akasangana chete gava. Kurutivi 19 fung remakore pano nechisimba rakazogarwazve poro. Uyewo vanhu vakanaka randomly vakauya chitsuwa-mhando mbeva, nemakonzo, makonzo uye mink.

With shiri yaita zviri nani. Ivo vari pano anenge 80 marudzi. Pakati pavo vanoziva kwatiri swans, duck uye shiri. Nenzira, zvikuru kugara mushanyi mudziva iri Rainbow murwizi asi unogona kubata Sarimoni. Kana isu kuenda mumhenderekedzo yegungwa vematunhu, unogona kunyange kuwana vaviri zvisimbiso shato huru marudzi. Asi zvokudya munzvimbo inogarwa anenge 66 mhando hove, zvimwe izvo zvinokosha ekisipoti nyika: halibut, gungwa Bass, kodhi uye shrimp.

zvimwe hove

Area Iceland yaro kumahombekombe zvikamu zvinosiyana huru ekisipoti chigadzirwa. Chokwadi, hove uye kubudiswa, kwete chete apa mamwe mari kune vakawanda, asi akaitawo kuti chitsuwa rimwe zvikuru exporters. Nemhaka kuredza 12% yevanhu Iceland raMwari riri anokuridzira indasitiri ino. Uye chigadzirwa 70% of aivigirwa chigadzirwa.

hove Popular kubva January kusvika May ndiye cod, herring rinoburitsa zvakawanda ushasha. Nokuti chokuti North Atlantic chirwere kuperevedza ichi mhando hove, paiva kudiwa capelin uye saithe.

Reykjavik rava nzvimbo isingachinji kugadzira kodhi. Asi herring paaivatambudza Siglyufordyur. Pano zviri muzvikamu mafuta hove uye kudya. Pakupera remakore rapfuura, Iceland vaiva nedambudziko ndibate hove huru, uye akabvuma kuti moratorium. Asi gare gare hurumende akatendera usinganyanyi whaling.

Chii kutenga uye kutengesa?

Kugara yerera, mumwe nyika inofanira Export zvinhu izvo ine zvakawanda. Saka, 70% kuti kunze kwenyika, sezvo kare kutaurwa, ane hove. The vamwe kubva muzana - ndivo zvivezwa zvokurima uye zvimwe zvicherwa. Mukuru "vatengi" ari mamiriro anogona sechinoitika Germany uye England. Kureva Iceland Netherlands, USA, Spain nevamwe.

Asi sezvo kupinza zvigadzirwa pachitsuwa akauya midziyo uye zvigadzirwa, zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvokudya, kazhinji muriwo nemichero, uyewo Textiles. In mirayiridzo iyi, "nechando nyika" yave pamwe United States uye Germany.

dzinonakidza zvinhu

Kunyange zvazvo, chii nzvimbo Iceland, nyika kunonyanya chinyorwa. Reykjavik - zvikuru kuchamhembe guta munyika. Pacharo Iceland - nayo ndiyo chitsuwa pakukura, anoberekwa kunokwana anoputika.

Munyika pane vakundi shoma Somuenzaniso, Hekla (rinoputika) uye Vatnaokul (rechando) - iri guru dzinongoitika nzvimbo Europe. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira Icelandic mapopoma ane mumhu 40 metres uye wakafara makubhiti 100 metres, riri pakati European "mvura Cascades" kupfuura simba.

Dzinonakidza nyaya, uye mazita Icelanders. Ndivo vanogara pachitsuwa vasingadaro. Pakuzvarwa, mwana anopiwa zita, uye zita riri wakawedzera Chuck kana matronym. Kana zita rababa riri Grim, mwanakomana zita rake richava Grimsson (mwanakomana Grim), sezvakaitwa pamwe President wenyika Iceland Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson. Kana musikana akaberekwa, zita rake kuti kuridza Grimdottir (mwanasikana Grima).

Asi munyika kune vaya vakagamuchira zita ravo ipapo 10%. Kazhinji, vaya vakabva mumwe ehurumende. Akapiwa mitemo, zita ravo anoenda kubva vabereki vana. Pavanhu ava unogona kusangana uye Icelanders, uyo akagamuchira zita iri pamutemo chikonzero.

Muzana remakore rapfuura, Iceland rava bato kuna European Economic Area. Asi muna 2015, akaramba kupinda European Union.

Nzvimbo Iceland muEurope chete anotora 17 nzvimbo fung. Izvi ndakadumbirwa yacho, pashure Euro 2016, Iceland akakwanisa kupfuura kuti quarterfinals, uye pasinei unokuvadza nhoroondo varidzi ushasha muFrance, vanodada kudzivirira rukudzo munyika yake duku uye duku.

Vashanyi pamusoro katsamba

Area Iceland wayo nzvimbo kwakaita kuti kusagadzikana mune okunze uye mitemo yakajeka rehurumende.

Kana ukasarudza kuenda parwendo kuongorora nzvimbo, agadzirire chii vachafanira kubata pamwe unochinja okunze. Zviri kuti chando haisati yasvika pasi May, ukuwo December vangarega nyungudika. Kana vagere munyika kusvika mashoko pamwe abutment, iyo nzvimbo zvinogona kutendeukira nhamo. Naizvozvo, kuti Iceland unofanira kwazvo kugadzirira.

Kana usina nguva kuronga usiku wako, nyika ine zvikuru akashongedzerwa tende nzvimbo tende pamwe kurota kwake kuchaita mari iwe $ 2-3 chete usiku. Kana ukasarudza munhu hazvitenderwi nzvimbo kana kusarudza angadziyirwa tichibatsirwa mumoto, gadzirira rinorema fines.

Zvadaro unogona kusangana nezvinetso marara. The mafungiro ari vashanyi kunobva munyika. Kwete States vose mukanyatsochengeta kuongorora kuchena dzomumusha, saka vanhu vachibva kunzvimbo dzakadai kazhinji kukanganwa kuti ivo bato. Iceland akateerera zvikuru kwete chete kune vaya nemarara mumigwagwa, asiwo kune vaya anocheka miti uye nokuputsa mapazi. Zvinonzi zvakare arambidzwa hove, kana kuti mamiriro haakupi mvumo kuita kudaro.

Road rwendo kutungamirira dambudziko kana ukasarudza kudzima mumugwagwa imwe nzvimbo, rinova wairambidza pachitsuwa.

Mugore Kishi nyika kazhinji havana zvakananga Vols Reykjavik. Naizvozvo, Ungangove, unofanira kutanga kuenda guru Denmark, Sweden, Norway kana Finland, uye kubva ikoko nendege Iceland achava nyore. The tikiti mutengo anogona siyana zvichienderana Gengi, asi avhareji iri $ 1,000 paminiti kumativi rwendo.