Hecla volcano - moto-kufema kukudzwa

Haasi munhu wose anoziva kuti kune mhiri kweHekla iri pamepu. Munhu wose pamiromo yehama yake ane zita rakaoma-kuzivisa, iyo muna 2010 yakamanikidza vafambisi vendege kuti vayeuke shoko risina kunaka reIceland nemashiripiti ayo. Asi Hekla inonyanya kuipa uye inonyangadza kupfuura mapatya ayo anoputa. Kubva mumuromo mavo kazhinji inopukunyuka kwete ruvara rwemadota iyo inogona kukonzera jet injini, asi chitubu chemoto chaiwo, maruva uye mabhuku anoputika. Hekla ine capricious, isingazivikanwi, yakavanzika. VaAsia vanodana mabhiriyoni avo mazita evakadzi. Zvichida, vanoziva simba uye simba revamiririri vehafu yakanaka yevanhu, apo chimwe chinhu chichavaisa pachena - havakwanisi kunzi hutano husina simba panguva idzi. Uye pamusoro peHeckl, pamwe nehanzvadzi yake Katle pachitsuwa chacho, vanoumba nhau. Ngatitangei kuzivana nemhepo iyi yekufema moto.

Gateway to Hell

Kana iwe wakabvunza mumwe mutongi wekare weCistercian pamusoro pekupi kwegomo reHekla, haazeze kutaura izvozvi pamusuo wekufa kwepasi. Mweya yevatadzi, vachisiyira mutumbi, pakarepo vanomhanya mukati memurazi mumoto usingaperi, umo mukugeda-geda kwemeno. Mumwe moni Benedict, achiimba mundima dzake hupenyu hwaSaint Brendan, anonzi Hecla jeri raJudhasi. VaAlexander vasati vasvika kusvikira muzana remakore reXIX vaive nechokwadi chekuti pamusoro pegomo iri rinoputika varoyi vePaster vanoenda kumagariro avo. Sei Hekla akakurudzira vanhu vomunzvimbo iyo kutya, kutya uye panguva imwechete kuyemura? Kubvira panguva iyo vanhu vanogara pachiwi ichi, kunaka kwechido ichi chave chichiratidzira burrow inoputika kanopfuura makumi maviri. Uye kuswedera kwe "vanyengeri" kwakaoma kufanotaura. Iro zita rokuti "hekla" rinobva muzita revhavha shoma ine hood. Pamusoro pegomo pane nguva duku gore, kubva kure rinofanana ne bashlyk.

Uye masayendisiti anoti chii?

Nzvimbo dzenharaunda dzegomo reHekla ndi 63.98 ° N uye 19.70 ° E. Iko iri kumaodzanyemba-kumavirazuva kweIceland, anenge makiromita zana kubva kuguta reReykjavik. Nomutauro Hekla unoreva stratovolcanoes. Yakaumbwa kubva pakusvibiswa kwepakati. Nemhaka yekuputika kazhinji, kukwirira kwemakomo kunosiyana. Semuenzaniso, muna 1948 chaiva 1 502 m, asi gare gare mhirizhonga yegwenga yakagumburwa. Iye zvino hupamhi hweHecla ndi 1488 m. Icho chikamu chemakomo akawanda akavakwa ne andesite uye basalt lavas. Kuputika kwemakomo kunosvika kureba makiromita mashanu. Asi nguva yeHecla inenge inenge yemauto nemaitiro ezviyo - makore 6 600 chete.

Kuputika kukuru

Zvisinei, nokuda kwechiitiko chakapfupi chakadaro Hekla yakabhururuka yakakwanisa kuparadza muzviitiko zvakawanda muIceland. Dendrochronology (kudzidza nezvekushanduka kwemamiriro okunze mumiti yezvisikwa) inotitendera kuziva kuti zviuru zvina zvemakore uye makore 2 800 akapfuura kwaiva nekuputika kukuru kwemhepo iyi. Shongwe yeutsi yakaderedza kutapisa kwemhepo munzvimbo yekuchamhembe kwehemisphere kwemakore anoverengeka, uye mitsva yemasayendisiti ekuputika kwemakomo akawanikwa mu peatlands yeIreland neScotland, uyewo muAfrica yose. Yokutanga yakanyorwa yakabuda mumabhuku akanyorwa yakaitika muna 1104. Imwe nguva mitambo yegomo iri yakafukidzwa nemasango, asi ikozvino yakazara zvachose. Hurumende yeIceland iri kurota kushandiswa kweprojekti inodhura yakawanda yekudyara rwizi.

IHekla mhepo inoputika yakanyarara pasi kwenguva here?

Masayendisiti akawana nguva dzose: iyo yakareba nguva iyo kuputika, kunyanya kupwanya izvi zvakashata zvechisimba. Asi neruremekedzo, ikozvino gomo re "chudits" rakagadziriswa kamwechete mumakore gumi. Muzana ramakumi maviri remakore rakaputika muna 1947-48, 1970, 1980, 1981, 1991 uye 2000. Zviitiko zvekupedzisira zvinoparadza zvakakonzera kuurawa kwevanhu zvakaitika muna 1766 uye 1947-1948. Asi muzana remakumi maviri nemakore remakore, gomo reHekla rakanga risati ratozviratidza. Uye izvi zvinotyisa. Nemhaka yekuti capricious runako hunhu hahuzivikanwi chaizvo. Seismologists anocherechedza kuti, kusiyana nemamwe maputi, Makaki ane nguva pfupi pakati pekutanga kwekuputika uye ejection yevava. Nokudaro pamunharaunda yevanunura hapana nguva yakakwana yekubuda kwevanhu.

Kurindira kuputika

Tichifunga nezvekuputika kwemakomo kweHekla kwakaguma pakupera kwaFebruary 2000, uye pakupera kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, basa rekusimudza rakavandudzwa makore ose gumi, masayendisiti ari kumirira kuputika kwezuva nezuva. Zvakaoma kufungidzira kuti zvichave sei. Dzimwe nguva kuputika kwakaitika kwemazuva mazhinji, uye muna 1947 Hekla akarohwa kupfuura gore. Kuchengetedza vanhu kubva pamigumisiro yekudengenyeka kwenyika itsva uye kusunungurwa kwevava nemadota, geophysicist akaisa pasi pakadzika makiromita gumi nematanhatu kubva kumusoro-sensu dzinotumira mashoko ose pamusoro penyika ye magma mukati memhepo inoputika uye chigamba. Kusvika ikozvino hapana kutama mumoyo weHecla kwave kuonekwa. Dzimwe nzvimbo dziri pamusoro pegomo iri dzinopisa, asi pachitsuwa cheIceland hazvishamisi. Nzira dzekufamba-fambisa dzinoendeswa kumucheto, uye hurumende inovimbisa kuti yakachengeteka zvachose kune hupenyu hwevashanyi.