Zvidzidzo kubva kare; vatungamiri White rwokufamba

Muhondo yevagari vomunharaunda, masimba akasiyana-siyana akabuda achipikisana nevaBolshevik. Vaiva Cossacks, nyika, ma democrates, madzimambo. Vose zvavo, pasinei nekusiyana kwavo, vakashumira Mhosva yakachena. Vakakundwa, vatungamiri vemauto anorwa neSoviet vakaparara, kana vakakwanisa kubuda.

Alexander Kolchak

Kunyange zvazvo kushorwa kweBolshevik kwakanga kusina kunyatsobatanidzwa, ndiAlexander Kolchak (1874-1920) uyo anofungidzirwa nevanyori vezvakaitika kare kuti vave mufananidzo mukuru weBlack White. Akanga ari nyanzvi musoja uye akashumirwa muNavy. Munguva yorugare, Kolchak akave akakurumbira semunhu anotsvaga polar uye scientist-oceanographer.

Kufanana nevamwe vashandi, Alexander Kolchak akawana ruzivo rwakawanda munguva yekuparidza kweJapan uye Hondo Yenyika Yese. Nekuuya kweHurumende yeHurumende, akakurumidza kuendesa kuUnited States. Apo nhau dzeBolshevik kupindira dzaibva kumba, Kolchak akadzokera kuRussia.

IAdmiral yakauya muSmaria Omsk, uko Socialist-Revolutionary hurumende yakamuita mushumiri weHondo. Muna 1918, mapurisa akazvipira, uye Kolchak akatumidzwa kuti Supreme Ruler of Russia. Vamwe vatungamiri veVhite Movement vakanga vasina simba rakawanda saAlexander Vasilyevich (aiva nehondo yevarume 150 000-yakasimba).

Panharaunda iri pasi pesimba, Kolchak akadzorera mutemo weRussia Empire. Kufamba kubva kuSiberia kusvika kumadokero, uto reMutongi Mukuru weRussia rakaenda kunharaunda yeVolga. Pamusoro pekubudirira kwavo, vatsvene vainge vasvika kuKazan. Kolchak akaedza kutora vazhinji vevaBolshevik sezvaaikwanisa kubvisa Denikin kuenda kuMoscow.

Muchikamu chechipiri cha1919, Red Army yakatanga kuparadza zvikuru. Vatsvene vadzokera kure kuSiberia. Vabatanidzwa vedzimwe nyika (Czechoslovakia Corps) vakabudisa veZimbabwe Revolutionaries, vaifamba vachienda kumabvazuva pachitima cheKolchak. Admiral yakadururwa muIrkutsk munaFebruary 1920.

Anton Denikin

Kana Kolchak akanga ari mutungamiri weWhite Army kumabvazuva kweRussia, ipapo Anton Ivanovich Denikin (1872-1947) ndiye mutungamiriri mukuru kumaodzanyemba kwenguva refu. Akaberekerwa muPoland, akaenda kundodzidza muguta guru ndokuva mushandi.

Ipapo Denikin yakashanda pamuganhu neAustria. Akapedza Hondo Yenyika Yokutanga muuto raBrusilov, akabatanidzwa mukubudirira kwakakurumbira nekushanda muGalicia. Hurumende Yepurogiramu yakaitwa muchidimbu yakaita mukuru weAnton Ivanovich weSouth-Western Front. Denikin yakatsigira mutumbi weKornilov. Mushure mekukundikana kwekupembera, mutungamiriri wenyika aive mujeri kwechinguva (chigaro che Bykov).

Ava kuzvisunungura munaNovember 1917, Denikin akatanga kutsigira White chikonzero. Pamwe chete navakuru vechiKornilov naAlexeyev, akasika (uye akabva atungamira) Volunteer Army, yakazova musana wekumirisana neBolshevik kumaodzanyemba kweRussia. Yakanga iri Denikin kuti nyika dzeEntente dzakagadzirira, dzichirondedzera hondo paSoviet simba mushure mekunge iine rugare yakasiyana neGermany.

Kwenguva yakati Denikin akapesana neDon Ataman Peter Krasnov. Pasi pemhirizhonga yevabatana, akateerera Anton Ivanovich. MunaJanuary 1919 Denikin akava mutungamiri-mukuru weAAFWR - Mauto Mauto eSouth South yeRussia. Hondo yake yakabvisa Kuban, Don, Tsaritsyn, Donbass, uye Kharkov kubva kuBolshevik. Dambudziko reDenikin rakanyudzwa muCentral Russia.

VSYUR yakadzokera kuNovocherkassk. Kubvira ipapo Denikin akatamira kuCrimea, uko muna April 1920, pasi pekumanikidzwa kwevadzivisi vake, vakatamisa simba rake kuna Peter Wrangel. Zvadaro kwakauya kuenda kuEurope. Mukutapwa, mukuru wevanhu akanyora memo "Sketches of Russian Troubles," umo akaedza kupindura mubvunzo wekuti nei White Movement yakundwa. Muhondo yevagari vomunharaunda Anton Ivanovich akatongerwa Bolshevik chete. Akaramba kutsigira Hitler uye akatsoropodza vashandi. Mushure mokukundwa kweTatu Reich, Denikin akachinja nzvimbo yake yekugara uye akatamira kuUnited States, kwaakafira muna 1947.

Lavr Kornilov

Mutevedzeri wekusakundikana, Lavr Georgievich Kornilov (1870-1918) akaberekerwa mumhuri yeCossack mukuru, uyo akafanogadzirira basa rake remauto. Sekuongorora kwaaishumira muPersia, Afghanistan neIndia. Muhondo, sezvo yakatorwa nevaAustria, mupurisa akatizira kunyika yake.

Pakutanga, Lavr Georgievich Kornilov akatsigira Hurumende yeHurumende. Akafunga kuti vavengi vakuru veRussia vasiri veseri. Sezvo ari mutsigiri wesimba rakasimba, akatanga kugadzirira hurukuro inopesana nehurumende. Basa rake rokurwisa Petrograd rakakundikana. Kornilov, pamwe nevatsigiri vake, vakasungwa.

Pakuvamba kwaOctober Revolution, mukuru wacho akasunungurwa. Akava wekutanga mutungamiriri-mukuru wemu Volunteer Army kumaodzanyemba kweRussia. Muna February 1918, Kornilov akaronga kutanga Kuban (Ice) kurwisa Ekaterinodar. Kuvhiya uku kwave kunoshamisa. Vose vatungamiri veBlack White munguva yemberi vakaedza kuenzana nemapiyona. Kornilov akashungurudzika paakafa panguva yezvombo zveErikaterinodar.

Nikolay Yudenich

Gavhuna Nikolai Nikolaevich Yudenich (1862-1933) aiva mumwe wevatongi vehondo vanobudirira zvikuru muRussia mukurwa neGermany nevakabatana navo. Akatungamirira vashandi veuto reCaucasi munguva yehondo dzake neUtoman Empire. Asvika pakusimba, Kerensky akatuma mutungamiri wemauto kuti asunungure.

Pakuvamba kweOctober Revolution, Nikolai Nikolayevich Yudenich akararama zvisiri pamutemo kwechinguva mu Petrograd. Pakutanga kwa1919, akatamira kune zvinyorwa zvisina kururama. Dare reRussia, rakasangana muHelsinki, rakamuti iye Mutungamiriri-mukuru-mukuru.

Yudenich akasimbisa mazano neAlexander Kolchak. Kuratidzira zviito zvake nemuiti, Nikolai Nikolayevich haana kubudirira kutora rubatsiro rweCentente neMannerheim. Muzhizha ra1919, akagamuchira chikamu chemufundisi wehurumende mune inonzi North-Western government, yakaumbwa muReval.

Mumakore ekupedzisira Yudenich akaronga mushandirapamwe kuPetrograd. Chaizvoizvo, White movement muhurumende yehondo yakashanda kunze kwemunyika. Hondo Yudenich, zvisinei, yakaedza kusunungura guta guru (zvichiguma, hurumende yeBolshevik yakatamira kuMoscow). Akatora Tsarskoe Selo, Gatchina, ndokusvika paPulkovo heights. Trotsky aikwanisa kutumira zvigadziro kuPetrograd nechitima, nokudaro kushatisa zvose zvakaitwa neVa Whites kuti vawane guta racho.

Pakupera kwa1919, Yudenich akadzokera kuEstonia. Mwedzi mishomanana gare gare akaenda. Mukuru mukuru akapedza nguva yakati muLondon, kwaakashanyirwa naWinston Churchill. Sezvo akashandura kukundwa, Yudenich akagara muFrance uye akatamira kubva mune zvematongerwo enyika. Muna 1933, akafira muCannes kubva pamapurmonary tuberculosis.

Alexei Kaledin

Apo October Revolution akarova, Alexei Maximovich Kaledin (1861-1918) ndiye ainaman muDon hondo. Kumusoro uyu akasarudzwa mwedzi mishomanana zvisati zvaitika kuPetrograd. Mumaguta eCossack, kunyanya muRostov, tsitsi dzevanoshandisa hukama hwakanga hwakasimba. Ataman, zvakasiyana, akafunga nezvekupindurwa kweBolshevik mhosva. Ave agamuchira nhau dzinotyisa kubva kuPetrograd, akakunda vaSoviet muDon.

Alexey Maximovich Kaledin akaita kubva kuNovocherkassk. MunaNovember mumwe mukuru mukuru, Mikhail Alexeev, akasvika ipapo. Panguva ino, maCossacks muhuwandu huchichinja. Vakawanda vehondo veterinheni vakaneta nehondo vakanyatsojeka kune zvinyorwa zveBolshevik. Vamwe vakabata hurumende yeLeninist isina kukwana. Kwose hapana munhu aitarisira nezveSocialists.

Sezvo vakarasikirwa netariro yekudzokorora pamwe neHurumende yeHurumende inoparadzwa, Kaledin akatora matanho ekutora. Akazivisa rusununguko rweDon Region. Mukupindura, maBolshevik aRostov akakurudzira kupesana. Ataman, achichengetedza kutsigira kwaAlexeyev, akabvisa kutaura uku. Ropa rokutanga rakadururirwa paDon.

Pakupera kwa1917, Kaledin akapa kupa-mberi kwekusikwa kweAn anti-Bolshevik Volunteer Army. MuRostov maiva nemauto maviri akafanana. Kune rumwe rutivi, rwaiva Volunteer Army yeVatungamiri vemaGreen, kune imwe - maCossacks emunharaunda. Iyi yekupedzisira yakanyatsonzwira tsitsi neBolshevik. Muna December, Red Army yakabata Donbass uye Taganrog. Cossack units panguva iyi yakazoguma yaora. Achiziva kuti avo vasiri pasi havadi kurwisa simba reSoviet, aaman akazviuraya.

Ataman Krasnov

Mushure mekufa kwaKaledin, maCossacks haana kutora nguva refu kunzwira tsitsi neBolshevik. Apo simba reSoviet rakasimbiswa paDon, varwi vemajeri ezveruzhinji vakakurumidza kuvenga Reds. Sekunge muna May 1918, kupesana kwakatanga pana Don.

Mutsva weCon Cossacks waiva Petr Krasnov (1869-1947). Munguva yehondo neGermany neAustria, iye, kufanana nevamwe vazhinji vakuru vemauto, vakapinda mukubudirira kunoshamisa kweBrusilov. Masoja aigara achibata vaBolshevik vachinyangadza. Ndiye iye, pamirairo yaKerensky, akaedza kuodza mwoyo vateveri vaPetrograd kubva kuvatsigiri vaLenin, apo October Revolution yakanga ichangobva kupera. Krasnov kamba kaduku kakatora Tsarskoe Selo neGatchina, asi munguva pfupi VaBolshevik vakamukomberedza ndokumuisa parutivi.

Mushure mekukundikana kwekutanga, Peter Krasnov akakwanisa kuenda kuDon. Kuva anamanamanikidzi anonzi Soviet Cossacks, akaramba kuteerera Denikin uye akaedza kuita mutemo wekutonga. Kunyanya, Krasnov yakashamwaridzana hukama neVaGermany.

Ndizvo chete apo kuzvipira kwakaziviswa muBerlin, iyo yega yeanaman yakaiswa kuna Denikin. Mutungamiri-mukuru-mukuru weVave Volunteer Army haana kubvumira shamwari yakaoma kwenguva yakareba. MunaFebruary 1919, Krasnov, pasi pekumanikidzwa kwaDenikin, akaenda kuuto reJudenich muEstonia. Kubvira ipapo akatamira kuEurope.

Kufanana nevatungamiri vakawanda veVhite Movement, avo vakanga vari muutapwa, avo vekare Cossack vaimota kurota. Kuvenga kweBolshevik kwakamukurudzira kutsigira Hitler. VaGermany vakagadzira Krasnov mutungamiriri weCossacks munzvimbo dzemuRussia dzakagara. Mushure mokukundwa kweTatu Reich, British yakabudiswa kuna Peter Nikolayevich USSR. MuSoviet Union, akaedzwa uye akatongerwa kurangwa kukuru. Krasnov akaurayiwa.

Ivan Romanovsky

Warlord Ivan Pavlovich Romanovsky (1877-1920) mumutambo wechiTsarist akanga ari mubatsiri muhondo neJapan neGermany. Muna 1917, akatsigira hurukuro yaKornilov uye pamwe naDenikin, vakashumira kusungwa muguta re Bykhov. Kuenda kuna Don, Romanovsky akapinda mukuumbwa kwemauto okutanga anorwisana neBolshevik.

Mukuru mukuru akasarudzwa Dare reDenikin uye akatungamirira vashandi vake. Zvinotendwa kuti Romanovsky ane simba guru kumuranda wake. Mukuda, Denikin kunyange akatumidza Ivan Pavlovich mutsigiri wake muitiko wekufa kusingatarisirwi.

Nemhaka yekururamisa kwake, Romanovsky yaipesana nemamwe mauto mazhinji muDobrarmiya, uye zvakare muVSYUR. Icho chikwata chekuchena muRussia chakamubata zvisiri izvo. Apo Denikin akazobudirira naWrangel, Romanovsky akasiya zvese zvake uye akasara kuIstanbul. Mumuguta rimwe chete, akaurayiwa na lieutenant Mstislav Kharuzin. Mutambi, uyo akashandawo muBlack Army, akatsanangura chiito chake nekuti Romanovsky's vinyl yakakundwa neVSYUR muhondo yevagari vemo.

Sergey Markov

Mune Volunteer Army, Sergei Leonovovich Markov (1878-1918) akava gamba rechitendero. Zita rake rainzi mauto uye mauto ane mavara. Markov akazozivikanwa netarenda rake rehuchenjeri uye ushingi hwake, izvo zvaakaratidzira mukurwa kwose neRed Army. Vagari vemu White Movement vaibata chirangaridzo chemukuru uyu nekutya kukuru.

Mauto ehondo maMarkov munguva dzeTsarist yaive yakajeka yeaimbova mukuru mukuru. Akatora mubato reJapan. Pamusoro peGermany pamberi payo akarayira mutambo wepfuti, ndokubva ava mutungamiri muhofisi yezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana. Muzhizha ra1917, Markov aitsigira Kornilov kumutsa uye pamwe chete nevamwe vemauto vemazuva emangwana vainge vasungwa muBykhov.

Pakutanga kwehondo yevagari vemo mauto akaenda kumaodzanyemba kweRussia. Akanga ari mumwe wevatangi veVo volunteer Army. Markov akaita chikamu chikuru kuChikonzero chinotanga mumushandira wekutanga weKuban. Pausiku hweEpril 16, 1918, neboka duku rezvipiri, akabata Medvedkov, nzvimbo inokosha yezvitima umo vazvipiri vakaurayisa ngarava yeSoviet, ndokubva vapukunyuka kubva kumativi ose ndokupukunyuka kutambudzwa. Mugumisiro wehondo yacho waiva kuponeswa kweuto reDenikin, uyo akanga achangobva kuedza kuparadza Ekaterinodar uye akanga ari pamucheto wekukundwa.

The feat of Markov akamuita hero kune vatsvene uye muvengi akapika weReds. Mwedzi miviri gare gare, tarenda uyu akabatanidzwa mumushandira wechipiri Kuban. Pedyo neguta reShablievka, zvikamu zvaro zvakasangana nemauto makuru emuvengi. Mune nguva inofadza iye pachedu, Markov akazviwana ari munzvimbo yakazaruka, kwaakagadziridza chiitiko chekuona. Nzvimbo yacho yakavhurwa moto kubva kuTein Army. Grenade yakaputika pedyo neSergei Leonidovich, iyo yakaita kuti vakuvadze. Maawa mashoma gare gare, musi waJune 26, 1918, musoja wacho akapfuura.

Petr Wrangel

Petr Nikolayevich Wrangel (1878-1928), anozivikanwawo seBlack Baron, akauya kubva kumhuri yakanaka uye aiva nemidzi yakabatana neBaltic Germans. Asati ava munhu weuto, akagamuchira dzidzo yeunyanzvi. Kuda kwebasa rechiuto, zvisinei, kwakakunda, uye Petro akaenda kunodzidzira vafambisi vemabhiza.

Iko kutanga kwekambani yeWrangel yaiva hondo neJapane. Panguva yeHondo Yenyika Yekutanga Akashanda muVarindi vemaHondo. Akasiyana nemabasa akawanda, somuenzaniso, nokutora bateri yeGermany. Rimwe chete paSouthwestern Front, mukuru wehurumende akatora chikamu muBrusilov yakakurumbira.

Mumazuva eFebruary Revolution, Pyotr Nikolayevich akadana mauto kupinda Petrograd. Nokuda kweizvi, Hurumende yeHurumende yakamubvisa kubva pabasa. Black Baron akatamira kune dacha muCrimea, kwaakasungwa neBolshevik. Mutungamiri mukuru akakwanisa kupukunyuka chete nekuda kwekunakidzwa kwemudzimai wake.

Kana ari mutongi uye mutsigiri wehurumende, yeWrangel the White pfungwa yaiva nzvimbo isina kukanganisa panguva yeHondo Yenyika. Akabatanidza Denikin. Mukuru wemauto akashanda muuto reCaucasian, akatungamirira kutorwa kweTsaritsyn. Mushure mokukundwa kweWhite Army panguva yekufamba kuMoscow, Wrangel akatanga kutsoropodza mukuru wake Denikin. Nharo yacho yakatungamirira kuenda kwechinguva kwevakuru kune Istanbul.

Pasina nguva Peter Nikolayevich akadzokera kuRussia. Muchirimo cha1920 akasarudzwa mukuru-mukuru wemukuru weRussia. Chinokosha chayo chikuru chaiva kuCrimea. Iyo penisula ndiyo yaiva yekupedzisira yakachena yepu yeHondo Yenyika. Hondo yaWrangel yakanyanyisa kurwiswa kwakawanda kweBolshevik, asi pakupedzisira yakakundwa.

Mukutapwa, Black Baron yaigara muBelgrade. Akasika uye akatungamirira ROVS - Russian All-Military Union, ndokuzotumira masimba aya kune mumwe wevakuru veDkuru Dukes, Nikolai Nikolaevich. Nguva pfupi asati afa, paaishanda semhandisi, Peter Wrangel akatamira kuBrussels. Ikoko akangoerekana afa nehutachiona muna 1928.

Andrei Shkuro

Andrei Grigorievich Shkuro (1887-1947) akaberekerwa Kuban Cossack. Muhuduku hwake akaenderera mberi nechikwata chendarama chekuenda kuSiberia. Mukurwisana naKaiser Germany, Shkuro akasika musungwa wepamberi, nekuda kwezvaakazotumidza zita rokuti "The Wolf's Hundred."

Muna October 1917, Cossack yakasarudzwa kuKuban Regional Council. Kuva akatendwa nemumwe mutongi, haana hanya nemashoko ekuuya kwesimba kweBolshevik. Shkuro akatanga kurwisa Red Commissars, apo vatungamiri vazhinji ve White White vakanga vasina kukwanisa kuzivisa nenzwi guru. Muna July 1918 Andrei Grigorievich neuto rake vakadzinga vaBolshevik kubva kuStvropol.

Mumakore ekupedzisira, Cossack yakasimuka pamusoro weChitubu cheKisivodsk 1st, iyo yeCaucasian Equestrian Division. Mukuru weSkuro aiva Anton Ivanovich Denikin. MuUkraine, mauto akaputsa musasa weNestor Makhno. Akabva atora chikamu mumushandirapamwe wokurwisa Moscow. Shkuro akaunganidza hondo dzeKharkiv naVeronezh. Muguta iri, mushandirapamwe wake wakanyangarika.

Vakabva mauto Budyonny, refutenendi-General akaita kuti Novorossiysk. Kubva ipapo nechikepe kuCrimea. In hondo Wrangel Shkuro handina kubatwa pamusoro nokuda yavairwisana Black Baron. Somugumisiro, chena mukuru akanga kuutapwa pamberi wakakwana kukunda of Red Army.

Shkuro akagara Paris uye muYugoslavia. Hondo Yenyika II yakatanga, iye, akaita Krasnov, vakatsigira nevaNazi pakurwisana Bolsheviks. Shkuro aiva SS Gruppenführer uye vanokwanisa izvi akarwa dzokuYugoslavia partisans. Pashure pokukundwa Third Reich, akaedza kutyora munharaunda ine British. MuLinz, Austria British Shkuro rakapa pamwe mamwe mapurisa akawanda. White mukuru akanga vakaedza pamwe Petrom Krasnovym uye akatongerwa rufu.