Wechechi yeRoma - ndiani? History of vaJesuit

Nhasi, vakawanda kunzwa shoko "wechechi yeRoma", ukoshi hwayo kwenguva refu nguva vakakwanisa kuwana mamwe zviso, kureva kwete chete yomumwe zvikuru nomukurumbira uye zvichiri simba mirairo Catholic Church, asi vakaipa munhu uye quirky, risingagoni kuvimbwa. Zvisinei, izvi "Imbwa raShe" pachako uye akavakurudzira, nokusika dzakasiyana Chokwadi, mamiriro ezvinhu zvikuru nyore panguva paro, asi awana munhu akangwara chaizvo uye dzinonakidza chimiro.

The wechechi yeRoma, ndiani? A Nhoroondo shoma

Kufanana zhinji pamusoro Order, ichi ndicho muvambi waro, uyo akawedzera panguva ino kuvatsvene. History of vaJesuit ane kare kupfuura rimwe remakore, kuverenga yakatanga yokutanga yezana XV remakore, kana Spanish knight-muroti Ignatius Loyola akasarudza zvikuru kuchinja upenyu hwake uye kutsaurira makore ake asara ari muchechi, chitendero, kutenda, kusika munhu worudzii weuto Knights pakunamata. Uye kana pakutanga nzira inenge hapana aiziva zvinotaurwa wechechi yeRoma vose ndiani, uye chii chinangwa yose Order, zvino pavaida munhoroondo vose vaivapo nguva Hazvibviri varege cherechedzai, uye haisi chinhu kuti nyanzvi wenhoroondo kana vemachechi, asi diletantu- mudiwa.

Kwakatangira mashoko Order

Pane vari "Imbwa raShe" uye yayo nhoroondo. Wechechi yeRoma Order akaberekwa muna 1534, apo muvambi waro, Loyola, pamwe vakavimbika shamwari dzake uye Knights zvomudzimu mhiko urombo, netsika dzakachena uye basa kubwinya Church, uye akatora zvirevo uye akava muparidzi, vakatsunga kutevera gwara riparadzirwe sizvo uye opekaniya kunyange pashure pamakore matatu vatendi avo. By 1539 vaprista Order (remangwana) zvave muRoma, kwaakanga mwoyo wose afunge nepfungwa dzavo uye kutenda maari kuti akanga akasiyana panguva kwokuderera dzemamongi, uye vakawanda Catholic Church yose. Zvimwe haana kupfuura zvinobetsera chinzvimbo yokupedzisira uye akatungamirira Pope Paul III nokukurumidza zvakakwana kupa mvumo kune wevakadzidza pokugadzwa Order, uye mune ramangwana, uye nenzira dzose kuti kuvazvidza avo pachavo akadana Society Jesu, asi chaizvoizvo vava masoja aKristu munzira dzose.

HR nokudzidziswa

Zvisinei, kubatana nokudyidzana vaJesuit aingovawo, zvichida, chete pakutanga chaipo. Sagacious vemachechi akakurumidza kuona kuti nyika iri kutongwa ruzivo, uye haana kurega nguva yokudzidzisa vateveri vavo. Ndokusaka akadzidzisa makore anenge 12, makore okutanga dzinenge mbiri novitiate, kana kuteerera. Izvi zvakateverwa kuitwa vomureza yemamongi mhiko: kuteerera, urombo uye kusawana, akadzidzisa maviri makore mitauro - Latin, Greek (pamwe kwairayirwa kuverenga vanyori vekare - Zvechokwadi, chepakutanga), rimwe gore - sayenzi chaiwo (masvomhu, wefizikisi). Next aiva philosophy, uye chete ipapo kwemamwe makore 4 novices vakadzidzisa nhoroondo yekereke, zvechitendero, mutemo, achiva Coadjutor (vafundisi, vane kodzero kudzokera upenyu zvenyika). Chete anoratidzwa kuburikidza maitikiro ose kushingairira kudzidza, kushanda, nemano uye vakabudirira bvunzo kubvumira vachizvikudza kuti zuro wacho mudzidzi bhodhi zvino - mupristi wechechi yeRoma, pamwechete kodzero uye mitoro.

Last mhiko

Zvino unogona kutora wechina uye yokupedzisira kupika kubva pazviri pasingabviri kupa kusvikira pakuguma kwemazuva ake, - mhiko kwokuteerera kwakakwana kuna Pope vake chete. VaJesuit pamusoro pezvisingakoshi hadzina vakatsinhanisa uye pasi chete bumbiro iri Order kana zvakananga papa. Chimwe simba pamusoro pachavo, havana kuziva.

Kuwanda uye abolition

Kurayira zvinokwana zvishoma kupfuura remakore rekuona kuti micheka network dzavo munyika dzokuEurope panguva iyoyo, uyewo China, Japan, India, Paraguay, Philippines, usakanganwa kuti vazogara Imperial Russia, raiva kure anoona zvakanaka. Kana muna 1773 Pope Clement XIV achiri kumanikidzwa kutora takashinga chisarudzo uye kwose rambidza "Society Jesu" nzombe Dominus, ac Redemptor Noster, chete Catherine II aisada kuteerera vaJesuit uye kubvumirwa kuramba mabasa avo mundima yaiva pasi Empress. Hazvibetseri Order abolition yakatora makumi mana, panguva yavakanga kwaireva yeko vafundisi. Asi kare muna 1814 vaJesuit akatangazve kodzero dzavo uye achibuda.

Charter uye kurangwa

Wechechi yeRoma Charter yaiva 9 points, musimboti rakanga kuitira kuti vatori ayo, kunze madikanwa yemamongi mhiko, uye akatora mumwe mhiko nokuteerera kusina mubvunzo kuti abbot ari munzanga, uyewo musoro Catholic Church. Uye kutiza yenzira chaizvoizvo akanga asiri - kuva wechechi yeRoma, munhu anorasikirwa kodzero dzokurasa kwavari uye raiva rimwe guru zvikamu hurongwa Zvisinei, anoshanda zvakakwana.

The Order riri dzinoratidzwa vanachandagwinyira chaizvo chirango uye nedzidziso centralization, umo simba guru raiva mumaoko mukuru (kubva "General chipangamazano", kwete kuti kuvhiringidzwa muchiuto), iyo ichiri noruzhinji aiva "mutema papa" uye akasarudzwa kuti upenyu.

Basa iri rokudzidzisa muitiro

Mumwe mukuru mabasa wakasiyiwa vaJesuit uye zvinobudirira chinozoiswa, paiva zvikoro zvakawanda nokuda zvinenge zvose mishoni. Saka, aiva wechechi yeRoma College akanga achigadzirira akazvimutsira vakadzidza uye vakanyatsodzidziswa novices ane nguva yakareba "chibooreso" kuva puppets vanoteerera mumaoko management. Nenzira, kubudikidza kuguma XVIII remakore pasi zvavo vakasvinurira kuzvidzora yaiva guru chikamu yepamusorosoro uye yechipiri masangano dzidzo mu Europe.

How kutiza nayo - kudzidza kubva vaJesuit

Asi vaJesuit vakanga kurangarira chete nevavariro dzakanaka, uye mabasa edzidzo, asiwo yepakutanga pfungwa, izvo zvinoita "kururamiswa" iri basa chero mabasa, kunyange kwazvo, zvivi chaizvo, asi zvakatikwanira kufunga kuti izvi zvakaitwa muzita mumwe, chinangwa chakanaka. Uye unogona kushandisa "kuchengetedza pfungwa" uye kupa zvipikirwa venhema. Saka, hazvishamisi kuti mubvunzo: "wechechi yeRoma - ndiani" - rinogona kunzwika semhinduro, kuti murevi wenhema, kuronga network.

Yanhasi zuva upenyu Order

Mazana emakore akapfuura, Ignatius Loyola kare somusande uye somusande, uye magetsi Pope Francis (Jorge Mario Bergoglio) kunongova mumiririri kurongeka ichi. Uyezve, munyika pane anenge 17.700 vaJesuit, vachiri pasi pakuomerera kuranga uye akanyatsorongwa. Gadzirirai vashandi yeKaturike iri Special ukomba chinodzora "Society kwaJesu." Zvisinei, kuchinja chete nguva vamwe vanhu vanoramba chete. Zvino mubvunzo of wechechi yeRoma - ndiani, anenge hapana anokumbira nokuti mhinduro anozivikanwa vose.