Vose ciliates: mhando, kirasi, mamiriro uye zvinhu

Chimwe chezvinhu hwokufananidzira vamiririri inozivikanwa ndiyo ciliary ciliate-patapata. Rinogara Kazhinji mumvura yakamira akananga uyewo Freshwater madziva mhando apo zvakasiyana kunze sehasha. Pakati inogara iri compulsorily ane decomposing makemikari nyaya. Zvakakodzera kufunga zvakadzama zvose zvine chokuita noupenyu ichi mumiririri fauna of.

vamiriri ciliated

протистов, включенных в группу Alveolata. Ciliated (ciliates) - mhando protists re Alveolata boka. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti pakati pavo vari vamiririri zvakasiyana-siyana: yakasimbiswa uye pafoni, yaitonga uye woga. muviri wavo Chimiro ndiyo siyana chaizvo. характеризуется размерами тела, которые варьируются от 10 мкм до 4, 5 мм (это касается одиночных форм). Ichazivikanwa ciliates mhando muviri hukuru kuti siyana 10 microns kusvika 4, 5 mm (azvinoita chete siyana). Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, havana kurarama kunyanya Freshwater reservoirs zvakasikwa, asi tiri mugungwa sezvo chikamu benthos uye plankton (kanenge - muvhu kana mosses). Zvakakosha kuziva kuti hombe chikamu kukurukura kasvisto ndiyo symbionts kana tupukanana nezvimwe zvisikwa: hove, annelids, mollusks, uye zvichingodaro. ) можно рассматривать в роли моделей организмов в отношении биологии на молекулярном уровне. Uyezve, ciliates zhinji (muenzaniso uyu ndiyo mhando ciliate-shangu) inogona sechinoitika yemashoko zvipenyu pamusoro zvipenyu panguva samolecular chechetere.

enderana chinotaurwa

, навазние которого происходит от слова «настойка» (в переводе с латинского языка). Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti ciliates - kutaipa navaznie izvo rinobva pashoko "tincture" (rakashandurwa kubva muchiLatin). Izvi zvinogona kutsanangurwa ndechokuti vamiririri nyore yokutanga awanikwa yemakwenzi neiya inoiswa muzvinwiwa zvinodhaka sezvamunoita. Nokufamba kwenguva, kukura uku mhando yava kutanga kuwana tichimhanya. . Saka, nhasi zvipenyu zvinozivikanwa pamusoro 6-7 zviuru kwemarudzi rinosanganisira mhando ciliates. Kuvimba date 1980, zvinganzi vakati vaiona mhando dzine ayo mamiriro maviri makirasi: ciliates (superorder ane nhatu) kubvisa uye ciliates. Maererano nemashoko aya, tinogona kugumisa kuti kusiyana zvipenyu zviri zvikuru kwazvo, ndiko kuti kufarira zvechokwadi.

Ciliates mhando: Representatives

Vakakurumbira vamiriri ichi mhando ndiyo ciliate-balantidiums uye ciliate-shangu. Siyana zviri mhuka idzi dzakanga pellicle zvemapuranga cilia, izvo inoshandiswa chokufambisa, kudzivirira ciliates nokuda zvakananga akasarudzwa mitumbi trichocysts (ectoplasm yakarongwa goko), uye kuvapo muchitokisi pamusoro nuclei maviri (vegetative uye rokubereka). Uyezve, nemumuromo paburi pamusoro muviri ciliates waiita siyana ane fanera kuti anokwanisa kufamba munzvimbo muchitokisi muromo raipinda huro. Kuti pane zvomudumbu vacuoles kuti vanoshumira zvakananga kuti kugaya. Asi undigested zvinoriumba vanobviswa kubva muviri kuburikidza poroshitsu. весьма многогранна, однако основные моменты рассмотрены выше. Characteristics akadai ciliates zvikuru kunzwisisa, asi huru dzinokurukurwa pamusoro. Chete, zvinofanira vaisanganisa mbiri vacuoles contractile ciliates dziri kumativi akasiyana muviri. Zviri kuburikidza kushanda kwavo yabudiswa zvakawandisa mvura kana metabolic zvigadzirwa.

Ciliate-patapata

Kuti kuongorora qualitatively marongerwo uye nemararamiro anonakidza saka zvinenge, chimwe-celled yakarongeka, zvakakodzera kuti kureva runoenzanirana muenzaniso. Izvi zvinoda ciliate-shangu, izvo zvakapararira munzvimbo yakachena dzinongoitika mvura miviri. Ivo nyore zvinogona rakasanganiswa chaiye mumidziyo (somuenzaniso, ari akwariyamu), Gulf wemarudzi uswa zvisiri mvura yakachena, nokuti ari neiya inoiswa muzvinwiwa zvinodhaka ino mhando zvikamuka, kazhinji, zvakasiyana-siyana zvikuru mhando majemusi, kusanganisira ciliate-shangu. Saka, achishandisa maikorosikopu, unogona, mune tsika, kudzidza zvose mashoko ari munyaya.

Zvinoitwa ciliate-shangu

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, ciliates - mhando panhamba imwe muzvizhinji ose okunze, vanonakidza zvikuru ndiro ciliate-shangu. Izvi mhuka chete-celled, ane kureba hafu millimeter, vakapakata chokurukisa-chimiro. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti muviri nemaziso nowenyika imwe shangu, umo, ukuwo, uye anonakidza zita yakadaro. Ciliates patapata anoramba anoramba vachingotya inofamba, uye iye swims kungopotsera magumo kutanga. Sezvineiwo, sangano kumhanya kazhinji inosvika 2,5 mm pa wechipiri, izvo chaizvo zvakanaka mumiririri uyu mhando. Pamusoro pemvura, ciliate-shangu muviri zvinogona kuonekwa cilia vanoshumira motokari organelles. Kufanana ciliates zvose, aiona muviri une wayo mamiriro tsanga maviri: hombe kukonzera zvinovaka muviri, kufema, kufamba uye muviri, uye zvishoma rinobatanidzwa zvounzenza mativi.

Muviri ciliate-shangu

Mudziyo muviri ciliate-shangu rakaoma chaizvo. Rokunze bemhapemha ndiye mumiririri nhete kwakavharwa nenyama nevamwe. It anokwanisa kwoupenyu kuramba akarurama chimiro muviri nhengo wacho. vabatsiri vechokwadi bhuku rino zvakakwana dzakabudirira fibrils anowanikwa cytoplasm pamusoro rukoko vanoomerera hamvuropu. Muviri pamusoro ciliate-shangu rusununguko ine nhamba huru (anenge 15000) cilia oscillating pasinei nechitarisiko ezvinhu. Nechepasi mumwe basal muviri iri. Cilia kuita inofamba vanenge ka30 muzana wechipiri, pane kuvaparadzanisa muviri mberi. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti undulations zviridzwa izvi ndizvo chaizvo kusachinja-chinja unobvumira ciliates mubishi kufamba zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvakanaka kuti tenderera pamusoro longitudinal akabatana muviri.

Ciliates - mhando tsananguro vachimutsa kufarira

For Mhedziso kunzwisisa zvose zvinoitwa ciliate-shangu zvakakodzera kufunga inokosha dzinotsanagura upenyu hwayo. сводится к употреблению бактерий и водорослей. Saka, rudzi chikafu ipfupi kuti ciliates kudya utachiona uye algae. Muviri chinhu muviri akapiwa mwoyo, anonzi cellular kupfuura muromo uye pahuro, nechepasi iyo zvokudya anoenda zvakananga kupinda vacuole. Ikoko zvakafanira ozeyewa kuti inenge awa, zvichiita mu nedanho achichinja kubva acidic kuti alkaline. Vacuoles vari kufamba muviri ciliates cytoplasm kuitika, uye undigested vakasara dziri kunze rwemberi muviri kuburikidza poroshitsu.

Kufema ciliate-shangu akatakurirwa cytoplasm reokisijeni kuburikidza nomuviri cover. A secretory pezvakaitwa kuitika maviri contractile vacuoles. Kana kushatirwa Utachiona, ivo ciliates, shangu vanowanzotevedzera nokuunganidza kwemabhakitiriya zvivako mukupindura kwemabhakitiriya secrete zvinhu. A ichiyangarara kure anotikurudzira kwakadaro Vakafanana munyu.

kubereka

Ciliate-shangu anogona kuwanda imwe nzira mbiri. Pakanga kwakapararira asexual kubereka, mauri chinoumba iri muzvikamu zviviri. Somugumisiro oparesheni iri infusoria nechimwe 2 cores (makuru uye diki). Sexual kubereka kwakakodzera kana kune pokuperevedza iri zvokudya, kana kuchinja mune tembiricha ane muviri mhuka. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pashure paizvozvo infusoria anogona kuva chikofu. Asi rudzi pabonde kubereka kuwedzera nhamba mhuka Kwabviswa. Saka, ciliates maviri chokuita nomumwe pamusoro imwe kwenguva, zvikaguma pokufa goko uye wezvamatongerwe unobva zambuko pakati pemhuka. Zvakakosha kuti hombe chinoumba nomumwe wavo anonyangarika, uye vashoma zvichipfuura vachigoverana muitiro kaviri. Saka, mumwe chikamu chinoumba 4, ipapo matatu navo vanoparadzwa neimwe ciliates, uye wechina vakakamura zvakare. The dzepabonde muinonzi conjugation. A kwenguva anogona kusvika maawa 12.