Types mapfupa. Human Anatomy: mapfupa

An chinokosha zvetsandanyama nemapfupa ezvinhu murume - ari marangwanda rine mapfupa anopfuura mazana maviri akasiyana. Rinoita vanhu kuenda, inotsigira nhengo dzomukati. Uyezve, mapfupa evanhu ndivo wevasungwa zvicherwa, uyewo hamvuropu umo mumwongo zvirimowo.

skeletal basa

Mhando dzakasiyana mapfupa anoumba marangwanda munhu, chokutanga chiito zvose senzira yokutsigira, uye vatsigire muviri. Vamwe vavo vashumire chigaro vamwe zvomukati dzakadai uropi, riri munzvimbo dehenya mapfupa, mapapu uye mwoyo, iri thorax, uye vamwe.

Kugona kuita kufamba siyana uye kufamba famba, tiri aidawo neImba marangwanda. Uyezve, pfupa romunhu ane kusvika 99% of karusiyamu chipo iri muviri. Zvikuru muupenyu hwevanhu ndiyo tsvuku mwongo. It riri muna dehenya, musana, sternum, bondo nevamwe mapfupa. In mumwongo nucleate matsvuku masero: masero matsvuku eropa, maplatelet uye ropa masero machena.

Sechivako pfupa

pfupa anatomi kujairika ehupfumi kuti kusarudza mukurumari kwayo. The marangwanda anofanira kukurira mutoro 60-70 makirogiramu - ndiwo avhareji kurema munhu. Mukuwedzera, mapfupa hunde uye maoko nemakumbo vave levers anotigonesa kuti kuita kufamba nokuita zviito siyana. Izvi zvinoitwa kuburikidza mudonzvo wavo zvinoshamisa.

Mapfupa akaumbwa Organic (kusvika 35%) uye inorganic (65%) kubva zvinhu. Aimbova zvinosanganisira mapuroteni, zvinganaka collagen iyo anosarudza kusimba uye elasticity kuti munyama. Nokuti pokuoma enderana inorganic fuma - calcium phosphorus. Tikafunga zvinhu izvi zvinopa rinokosha pfupa simba akafanana Somuenzaniso, simbi. Vanogona zvakanaka zvikaramba kwemakore akawanda, sezvinoratidzwa migumisiro siyana Zvakafukunurwa. Organic zvinhu anogona kunyangarika somugumisiro calcination munyama uyewo kana chavakaona sulfuric acid. Mineral nyaya iri kuramba chaizvo kwokunze zvinofurira.

mapfupa Human vari kupinda nokuda yaNire anokosha, izvo midziyo ropa. In mamiriro avo kusiyanisa chiine chirambe chakapfava fuma. The reshiyo iri pakutsvaga nzvimbo mapfupa ari mumuviri womunhu, uyewo mabasa anoitwa nayo. Munzvimbo idzi kuti zvinoda kuramba kwazvo mupfungwa, zvinokosha zvacho hazvina batana tsindirana. pfupa iri rinoumbwa munhu muzvizhinji kuti cylindrical mahwendefa aiisa mumwe mukati mumwe. Cancellous pfupa nezvechitarisiko chavo chakafanana muzinga. In kwayo mhango rakatsvuka mumwongo uye vakuru - uye kunyange yero, umo mafuta masero vari dzichiitika. Rinotaura chaiyo pfupa connective zvinyama mumuhara - the periosteum. Zvinonzi yonhuwa tsinga nemidziyo ropa.

kupatsanura mapfupa

Pane akasiyana classifications kuti vafukidze siyana mapfupa evanhu, zvichienderana nzvimbo dzavo, mamiriro uye mabasa.

1. By nzvimbo:

• mapfupa cranial;
• mutumbi mapfupa;
• mapfupa richiripo.

2. kukura zvinotevera mhando pfupa:

• chikuru (muka kubva connective tishu);
• yechipiri (aumba kubva shwashwa);
• yakavhenganiswa.

3. anotevera mhando mapfupa evanhu ari mamiriro:

• tubular;
• chipanji;
• pamhama;
• yakavhenganiswa.

Saka, sainzi anoziva marudzi akasiyana mapfupa. The tafura runoita kuti kupa zvakawanda zvakajeka kupatsanura.

tubular pfupa

Tubular mapfupa refu ine zvose gobvu uye chirambe chakapfava fuma. Vanogona kukamurwa akawanda nhengo. Mid akaumba tsindirana pfupa zvinhu uye ane elongated tubular chimiro. Nzvimbo iyi inonzi diaphysis. In yayo in yokutanga ine tsvuku mumwongo iro zvishoma nezvishoma kuchatsiviwa yero, chine masero mafuta.

Mugore cortical mapfupa inoguma riri epiphysis - mugove inoumbwa chirambe chakapfava fuma. Inside nayo akaisa dzvuku mwongo. The nzvimbo pakati diaphysis uye epiphysis inonzi metaphysis.

Munguva vanoshingaira kukura vana uye kuyaruka ndiro shwashwa, nokuda iro uye kuwedzera pfupa. With kuchinja, iyo metaphysis iri vakachinja zvachose kupinda pfupa pamusoro nguva mafupa anatomi. Kwenguva refu mapfupa tubular zvinosanganisira hudyu, mafudzi, honokono mapfupa. A vachitova yakasiyana mamiriro zvidiki mapfupa tubular. Vane chokwadi pineal shwanu uye, mumwe chete naizvozvo, mumwe metaphysis. mapfupa aya zvinosanganisira phalanges, metatarsals. Ivo vanoita mashandiro pfupi ruoko sangano.

Chirambe chakapfava pfupa mhando. mifananidzo

Zita pfupa kazhinji chiratidzo maumbirwo yavo. Somuenzaniso, mashoko chirambe chakapfava mapfupa aumba kubva cancellous pfupa, akafukidza nhete rukoko pamusoro tsindirana. Havazivi akagadzira in, saka dzvuku mwongo anoiswa muchitokisi chiduku. Chirambe chakapfava pfupa uyewo vari refu uye pfupi. Aimbova zvinosanganisira, Somuenzaniso, sternum uye mbabvu. Short mapfupa chirambe chakapfava munyaya basa tsandanyama uye tiri rudzi upiyona michina. Izvi zvinosanganisira chiningoningo mapfupa, ari vertebrae.

sandara pfupa

Mhando idzi mapfupa evanhu, zvichienderana nzvimbo dzavo, vane zvivako zvakasiyana uye kuita mamwe mabasa. The mapfupa dehenya vari, kupfuura zvose, kudzivirirwa kuti uropi. Vari inoumbwa mutete zviviri mahwendefa gobvu zvinhu, pakati iyo chipanje. Pane makomba mutsinga. Flat mapfupa cranial kuva kubva connective tishu. Scapula uye chiuno uyewo nhengo mhando mapfupa sandarara. Vakaumba zvinenge zvachose kuti chirambe chakapfava fuma, iyo anova kubva shwashwa. Mhando idzi pfupa chemuTestamente kwete kudzivirira chete, asiwo kuti atsigire.

yakavhenganiswa pfupa

Mixed remubatanidzwa mapfupa vari sandara uye pfupi tubular kana chirambe chakapfava pfupa. Ivo kuva dzakasiyana nemabasa kuti chinoda imwe nzvimbo munhu marangwanda. Mhando idzi pfupa, sezvo hwakakanyiwa, anowanikwa mumuviri zvenyama mapfupa, vertebrae. Izvi zvinosanganisira, Somuenzaniso, bondo.

shwashwa

Shwashwa zvinyama ane tefa marongerwo. It anoumba nzeve, mhuno, uye dzimwe mbabvu. Shwashwa rinenge iri riri pakati vertebrae, uyewo anodzivisa deforming simba mitoro. Chine simba mukuru, chakanakisisa kuramba abrasion uye Achiruma.

pfupa kubatanidza

Kune akasiyana mhando maererano mapfupa, izvo kusarudza dhigirii kwavo kufamba. The mapfupa dehenya Somuenzaniso, vane mutete paiva connective tishu. Muchiitiko chino, ivo zvachose vachiri. remubatanidzwa akadaro anonzi fibrous. Pakati vertebrae tiri nzvimbo connective zvinyama kana shwashwa. Nezvenyaya iyi inonzi Semi-kubvongodzwa, sezvo pfupa, kunyange shoma, asi izvozvo kungaita zvishoma.

High mufambo vane majoini, pova synovial kumonwa. Mapfupa ari pamwe Kamudzira akabata nemarunda. micheka aya kuchinja uye yakasimba. Kuti kuderedza kukweshera ari muhudyu chinhu jikichira mvura chaiyo - synovium. It chinovafukidza kumigumo mapfupa, vakafuka shwashwa, uye hwezvekukurukurirana kufamba kwavo.

Kune mhando dzakawanda mapfundo. Sezvo zita pfupa vagara vandifungira nechivako dzavo uye zita muhudyu kunoenderana pezvakaita mafupa zvavanopa batanidza. Mumwe mhando kunoita iwe kuti zvimwe mapato:

• Ball joini. With ikoku inopiwa sangano mapfupa zvakawanda mirayiridzo pakarepo. majoini izvi zvinosanganisira pamafudzi, hudyu.
• Ginglymoid vadyi (kugokora, ibvi). Kunosanganisira kufamba chete mundege imwe.
• Cylindrical vagari achibvumira mapfupa kutama hama kune mumwe.
• Flat joini. Iye anononoka-kutama, span duku inoita kufamba pakati mapfupa maviri.
• Ellipsoidal majoini. Saka hwakabatana Somuenzaniso, imwe nharaunda iri chiningoningo mapfupa. Vanogona kuti kufamba kumativi mukati chete ndege.
• Nemhaka Chigaro vadyi pamusoro guru nomunwe ruoko anogona kufamba mu ndege siyana.

Zvinoitwa mumuviri mabasa

The dhigirii kurovedza muviri ine zvinokosha kukanganisa chimiro uye urongwa mafupa. vanhu vakasiyana mune mapfupa anogona kuva pachako zvachiri. At chenguva chaiko nesimba richikora zvinoorora tsindirana fuma, uye mhango, nekusiyana, ipfupi ukuru.

A kunambwa pfupa utano kwenguva refu garei mubhedha, imwe ndakagara mararamiro. Zvinyama kunova wakawondereiko kudai mazuva ose, anorasikirwa raro simba uye elasticity, kuva haungatani kuputsika.

Changes vakadhakwa kurovedza muviri uye chimiro mapfupa. Nenzvimbo vari kutarisana tsandanyama vanogona kuva pesva. Mune kumanikidzwa zvikuru kwazvo, kunyange makomba duku kunogona kuva pamusoro nguva. In nzvimbo yakasimba Zvinetso, iyo inobata mapfupa shwashwa thickening inogona kuumbwa, siyana hadzina kufambiswa zvakanaka, anorovera. Kunyanya kuchinja kwakadaro yo vanhu vari nenyanzvi munyaya zvemitambo.

Bone chimiro zvinokonzerwa siyana kukuvara, kunyanya avo vakawana nedzevakuru. Kana kuporesa mitswe angava zvose zvemarudzi deformation, izvo kazhinji inokanganisa munhu kukwanisa kuti zvinobudirira kushandisa muviri wako.

kuchinja Age-ukama mu pfupa

In siyana nguva upenyu nemamiriro mapfupa ayo zvakasiyana. In vacheche mapfupa zvinenge zvose akaumbwa chirambe chakapfava fuma, iyo akafuka mutete paiva tsindirana. Vari kuramba, kusvikira imwe nguva, kuwedzera kunoitwa nokuwedzera kukura ari shwashwa, ayo zvishoma ne pfupa tishu. Kushandurwa Izvi zvinogona kuwedzerwa makore 20 vakadzi, uye vanenge 25 - varume.

Muduku munhu, zvikuru makemikari nyaya yaiva munyama mafupa ake. Saka, vachiri vaduku, avo akasiyana elasticity uye kunzwisisa. In mukuru dzevanhu Vhoriyamu chicherwa yeimwe ari pfupa zviri 70%. Saka imwe nguva kunotanga kuderedza uwandu calcium phosphorus. Mapfupa vanova pfava, saka vakwegura kazhinji dzakaputsa kunyange nokuda zviduku kukuvara kana hanya flick.

mitswe kwakadaro kuporesa kwenguva refu. Pane chirwere chaiyo, yo vanhu vakwegura, kunyanya vakadzi - osteoporosis. Nokuti dziviriro zvayo kana kusvika makore 50 vanofanira kuona chiremba kuti tiite zvimwe zvidzidzo kuongorora mamiriro mafupa tishu. With zvakakodzera kurapwa yekudyidzana kwakaderedza mukana mitswe uye nguva yavo kuporesa iri pfupi.