In nyore: asi Higgs boson - chii?

Zviri nyore, kuti Higgs boson - the PARTICIPLE chinonyanya dzinodhura nguva dzose. Kana kuwanikwa Erekitironi, Somuenzaniso, akanga zvakakwana Vacuum chubhu uye peya kwakajeka ndangariro, kutsvaka nokuti Higgs boson akabvunza pokugadzwa mutyairi wendege simba kuti kashoma kuona munyika. The Large Hadron Collider Hazvidi pakusuma somumwe zvikuru nomukurumbira uye vakabudirira kuedza kwesayenzi, asi profile PARTICIPLE, sapakutanga, iri yakafukidzwa chakavanzika nokuda ruzhinji kwevanhu. Iye akanzi Mwari PARTICIPLE Zvisinei, nemhaka kuitwa sezvairi zviuru masayendisiti, tirege kuvazve kutora kuvapo kwayo sezvisina.

Last asingazivikanwi

Chii ari Higgs boson uye chii kukosha kwake kuwanikidza? Sei akava nyaya chaizvo hype uye tisare mari? Nokuda kwezvikonzero zviviri. Chekutanga, yaiva wokupedzisira vanzika PARTICIPLE zvakakodzera kuti nokusimbisa Standard Model pakati wefizikisi. Her Zvakawanikwa zvaireva kuti munhu wose chizvarwa mabhuku yesayenzi havana pasina. Chechipiri, kuti boson anopa mamwe nezvimedu vakawanda vavo, izvo rinopa inokosha uye "mashiripiti". Tinowanzofunga kuti vakawanda sezvo mudzimba ehupfumi zvinhu, asi yefizikisi tenda kudaro. Zviri nyore, kuti Higgs boson - a PARTICIPLE, pasina iyo vakawanda rinonyanya haako.

Another munda

Chikonzero iri inonzi Higgs munda. Yakatsanangurwa pamberi nokuda Higgs boson, yefizikisi nokuti dzaona kuti zvinodiwa zvavo dzidziso uye zvakawanika, yaida paine munda idzva, mugumisiro izvo vaizokokwa zvose zvakasikwa. Vavabatsire hypotheses kubudikidza nokugadzirwa kwakaitwa itsva zvinoumba chadenga chiri ngozi. Kare Somuenzaniso, izvi zvakaita kuti pakusikwa dzidziso raEta. Asi zvikuru masvomhu anoitwa, yakawanda wefizikisi kunzwisisa kuti Higgs munda, anofanira kuvapo chaizvoizvo. The chete dambudziko raiva kushaya mikana hunobatsira Nokuuteerera.

In mureza muenzaniso wacho wefizikisi zvokutanga nezvimedu vakawana vakawanda kuburikidza mashandiro kunobva kuvapo Higgs munda azara nzvimbo dzose. It unoitisa Higgs boson, idzo yakawanda simba kunodiwa, uye ichi ndicho chikonzero chikuru nei masayendisiti vanoda ano PARTICIPLE accelerators nokuti mukuru-simba kuedza.

Apo kurema anoita?

Simba simba nekuita renyukireya muwanze kure kunoderedza nokukurumidza. Maererano quantum munda dzidziso, ikoku kunoreva kuti nezvimedu, izvo zvinobatanidzwa kwaro kusikwa - the W- uye Z-bosons - vanofanira kunge vakawanda kusiyana photons uye gluons, asina vakawanda.

Chinetso ndechokuti geji dzidziso unoshanda chete massless okunze. Kana geji bosons vane guru, yakadaro pfungwa usingagoni kurebesa kutsunga. Higgs mashandiro haambotauri dambudziko iri nokusuma munda idzva, yainzi Higgs munda. Panguva dzakakwirira simba, Misa geji bosons vasina, uye pfungwa anoshanda sezvaitarisirwa. Yakaderera simba munda zvinokunetsa kuti symmetry iyo anobvumira okunze ane uremu.

Chii Higgs boson?

Higgs munda zvinowanisa nezvimedu anonzi Higgs bosons. Dzidziso uremu kusingajekeswi, asi mugumisiro kuedza kwakati kwatemwa kuti akaenzana 125 GeV. Zviri nyore, kuvapo Higgs boson ayo pakupedzisira akasimbisa Standard Model.

The mashandiro munda uye boson vanonzi pashure wokuScotland musayendisiti Peter Higgs. Kunyange zvazvo akanga asina kutanga zvekuti pfungwa, uye, sezvo kazhinji zvinoitika wefizikisi, kungova akava, pashure vacho vakatumidza.

symmetry nepakumedura

Zvaidavirwa kuti Higgs ndiye anokonzera nokuti inoramba kuti ave guru hakufaniri akadzadzwa nayo. Zviri zvakasikwa svikiro, endowing nezvimedu pasina guru zvavo zvakasiyana. symmetry kwakadaro Breaking anonzi nomuenzaniso nechiedza - zvose wavelengths vari vacuüm it Kutama panguva iyoyo nokukurumidza neimwe prism chete wavelength zvinogona dzinounzwa. Izvi, Chokwadi, kururama Ringanidzo, sezvo chiedza chena rinosanganisira wavelengths zvose, asi muenzaniso unoratidza sei kuti pave munda aimiririra vakawanda Higgs symmetry kuburikidza kutyora. Prism anovhunanya symmetry kuti kumhanya akasiyana wavelengths yechiedza dzakaparadzana navo, uye Higgs munda vakatenda kuputsa symmetry chevanhu vakawanda zvimwe zvacho izvo zvimwe symmetrically massless.

How kutsanangura nemutauro nyore ari Higgs boson? ichangopfuura chete, yefizikisi akaziva kuti kana Higgs munda ruriko, zvinoda rakakodzera keriya pamwe ehupfumi kuti inogona kuchengetwa. Zvakanga vaifungidzira kuti PARTICIPLE ichi ikarapwa kusvikira bosons. Higgs mutauro nyore - vanonzi simba mutakuri akangofanana photons inova vatakuri remagetsi munda wezvose. Photons mupfungwa, muri excitations ayo womunharaunda kufanana Higgs ndiye omunharaunda excitation womunda kwayo. Uchapupu kuvapo PARTICIPLE yefizikisi pamwe kutarisirwa ehupfumi vaiva rakapotsa yakaenzana zvakananga uchapupu kuvapo munda.

ekisiperimendi

Makore akawanda rwekuronga akabvumira Large Hadron Collider (LHC) kuva chiitiko, waunoda yakakwana kufumura dzidziso yacho Higgs boson. 27 km mhete rinorema basa electromagnet anogona mhanyisa mhosva inoramba kuti chinokosha chikamu kumhanya chiedza, zvichikonzera kudhumhana pakati yakakwana simba kuti zviparadzanise vave zvinoriumba, uyewo deform nzvimbo yakapoteredza achitandadza aaiitawo. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kana padheshibhodhi simba zvakakwana yakakwirira azvipire inogona mhosva boson zvokuti achaputsa uye zvichava zvinooneka. simba iri rakanga zvikuru zvokuti vamwe kunyange Akatya uye akafanotaura mugumo wenyika, uye vamwe akatengesa kufungidzira kuti kuwanikwa Higgs boson akarondedzerwa se kwatakaita kupinda imwe divi.

chokupedzisira chisimbiso

Initial zvaanorumbidza, sokuti, Chokwadi kuteerera nokufanotaurirwa, uye hapana zviratidzo zvakanga zvisingaiti kuona inoramba. Vamwe vatsvakurudzi uyo aimbotaurawo mushandirapamwe kuti zvekushandisa emadhora, kunyange akazviratidza paterevhizheni uye nounyoro akataura chokwadi kuti zvinonzwisisika achinyatsoramba masayendisiti dzidziso anongova kuchikosha akasimbisa. Zvisinei, pashure penguva yakati, akatanga kuoneka mune nokuyerwa zvizere, uye March 14, 2013 CERN rinoziviswa ari kusimbisa kuvapo PARTICIPLE. Pane chikonzero kufunga kuvapo vakawanda bosons, asi pfungwa inoda mberi pakudzidza.

Makore maviri gare gare, pashure CERN akazivisa yawanikwa PARTICIPLE, masayendisiti kushanda Large Hadron Collider, vakakwanisa kuzosimbisa ichi. Kudivi rimwe, zvakanga kukunda zvikuru nokuda nesayenzi, Ukuwo masayendisiti akawanda vakaodzwa mwoyo. Kana munhu akanga achitarisira kuti Higgs boson chaizova PARTICIPLE ichaita kuti vatorwa uye zvinoshamisa nzvimbo mhiri Standard Wokutevedzera - supersymmetry, rima nyaya, rima simba - kuti, zvinosuwisa, hazvina kudaro.

Kudzidza, yakabudiswa muna Nature Physics, akasimbisa kuora kupinda fermions. Mureza womuenzaniso anofembera kuti, zviri nyore, kuti Higgs boson ndiye PARTICIPLE kuti anopa murwi kuti fermions navo. CMS detector collider pakupedzisira akasimbisa kuora yavo fermions - nechepasi quarks uye rokuti tau leptons.

Higgs nyore: chii?

Kudzidza uku pachena zvakaratidza kuti ndiwo Higgs boson kwazvakaitwa Standard Model pamusoro chepuraimari PARTICIPLE wefizikisi. Riri munzvimbo mukanyiwa-simba 125 GeV, haana kuruka, uye zvinogona kushata kuva muzvizhinji wechiedza zvinhu - .. Of yegwara photons, fermions, etc. Izvi tinogona kutaura nechivimbo kuti Higgs boson, nyore mutauro kutaura, ari PARTICIPLE kupa yakawanda chose.

Zvavakandiudza zvakandiodza mwoyo uye mureza unhu chichangobva kuwanikwa Kufananidzira. Kana yakawondomoka zvishoma zvakasiyana, ungadai chokuita fermions zvikasadaro, uye nekumuka kunzvimbo itsva kutsvakurudza. Ukuwo, izvi zvinoreva kuti tingave tisina mberi danho mhiri mureza womuenzaniso chisingazivi azvidavirire giravhiti, nerima simba, rima nyaya nezvimwe noshamisa mananara chokwadi.

Tinogona chete kufungidzira zvavari kunzi. The rinofarirwa kupfuura dzidziso SUSY, iyo inotaura kuti ose PARTICIPLE of Standard Model ane kwazvo superpartner (saka achiita 23% zvakasikwa - rima nyaya). Update collider ane doubling yayo kudhumhana simba 13 TEV, zvichida, kuchaita kuona izvi superparticle. Zvikasadaro supersymmetry kumirira pavakwe LHC mutsivi kupfuura simba.

hwemangwana

Saka chii chichava wefizikisi pashure Higgs boson? LHC ichangobva rakavhurwa pamwe kunatsiridza uye anokwanisa kuona zvose - kubvira antimatter kune rima simba. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti nyaya yerima interacts kwomuzvarirwo chete negiravhiti uye kuburikidza kusikwa vakawanda, uye kukosha Higgs boson kunokosha kunzwisisa mashandiro azvinoita. The chikuru drawback of Standard Model ndechokuti haagoni chikonzero mugumisiro regiravhiti - akadaro muenzaniso aigona kunzi Great rakabatana dzidziso - uye vamwe vanodavira kuti PARTICIPLE uye Higgs munda kungava zambuko kuti wefizikisi rwaunenge kuedza kuwana.

Kuvapo Higgs boson kunosimbiswazve, asi kunzwisisa kwayo zvizere pamberi ichiri kure kure. Akapikisa kana ramangwana kuedza supersymmetry uye pfungwa kuwedzera zvayo rima chaizvo nyaya? Kana ivo achasimbisa zvose kune zvidukuduku, zvakataurwa mureza muenzaniso zvivako zviri Higgs boson pamwe munzvimbo iyi kutsvakurudza zvichabviswa chete zvachose?