Sei enzanisa netsika: danho nedanho mirayiridzo. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinogona kufananidzwa: mienzaniso

Kubva kare, vanhu zvinonyatsoda mubvunzo sei zviri zvakanakisisa kuenzanisa tsika anotaurwa zvakasiyana tsika. Uye haisi zvakasikwa kuziva. Man yekare Earth dzomunyika akaripa nyaya yakati zvakaoma dzavasinei nadzo kubatsira. Nemazvo ayere pasi, kuona uremu chigadzirwa pamusoro pamisika, unofanira kuverenga nhamba nhumbi mu ita mutengano, kuona nhamba zvakarurama mazambiringa panguva kukohwa waini - izvi zvinongova chikamu chiduku mabasa kuti kazhinji dzakatanga upenyu wamadzibaba edu kare nesimba. Naizvozvo, ruzivo uye kuverenga vanhu kuenzanisa, kana zvichikodzera, tsika akatevera zano ake mamwe masoja ruzivo, uye kazhinji tora yakakodzera muripo basa iri, uye tsvarakadenga yakanaka, nenzira.

Chii chingaenzaniswa

Munguva yedu, ichi basa riri kupiwa rebei basa kudzidza sayenzi chaiwo. Munhu wese, Chokwadi, tinoziva kuti zvinokosha kuenzanisa kukosha homogeneous, kureva maapuro - maapuro uye beets - pamwe beets. Ani uye aisazomboita edza kutaura Celsius mu makiromita kana makirogiramu ari decibels, asi Boa pakureba remaparrot tinoziva kubva pauduku (vaya musayeuka, mune imwe Boa - 38 remaparrot). Kunyange zvazvo remaparrot, zvakare, zvakasiyana, uye chaizvoizvo Boa pakureba achizosiyana zvichienderana subspecies ari chihwenga, asi ndidzo mashoko umo tikaedza kunzwisisa.

dimensionality

Kana iri basa: "Enzanisa tsika" vanofanira kuva vaya chete tsika kutungamirira zvakajairika dhinomineta, kunoratidzwa tsika kuti nyore kuenzanisa. Zviri pachena kuti kuenzanisa mutengo, chinoratidzwa makirogiramu ane ukoshi kunoratidzwa centners kana matani, vazhinji vedu vari dura. Zvisinei, pane homogeneous zvakawanda kuti chinogona kutaurwa kukura siyana uye, uyezve, akasiyana tambo enyika. Edza Somuenzaniso, enzanisa zvinokosheswa kinematic viscosity uye kusarudza zvakawanda viscous mvura mu cSt uye mativi mamita por wechipiri. Zvikasashanda? Uye usaswedera. Kuti aite izvi, vose tsika dzinoratidza tsika, uye kare pamusoro Numeric ukoshi yokusarudza wavo ndiye mukuru anokumhan'arira.

vachifunga maitiro

Kuti tinzwisise kuti tsika zvingafananidzwa, edza kuyeuka aivapo kuyerwa hurongwa. Kuti optimize uye kuwedzera kugarwa kwacho muna 1875, gumi nyika (kusanganisira Russia, USA, Germany uye vamwe.) Akanga yakasainwa ne Meter Convention uye kutsunga arşive hurongwa. Kutanga uye kusimbisa mitemo mita uye kilogram yakatangwa International Committee nokuti muzviyereso, uye muna Paris, kushongedzera International Bureau of muzviyereso. pakupedzisira ino rakavapo kupinda International System vezvikwata, SI. Pari, ino yave nevamwe nyika dzakawanda mumunda unyanzvi kadambari, kusanganisira avo nyika apo dzinozivikanwa National kushandiswa zuva upenyu panyama zvakawanda (zvakadai United States uye England).

GHS

Zvisinei, muna zvakafanana pamwe kwakajairika bhuku mitemo kuumba mamwe, zvishoma yakakunakira CGS maitiro (sendimita-giremu-wechipiri). Rakanga wakatangwa muna 1832 maererano German yefizikisi Gauss, uye muna 1874 upgraded Maxwell uye Thompson, kunyanya pasango electrodynamics. Muna 1889 zvakanzi abayirwa yamunenge Mks maitiro (mita-kilogram-wechipiri). Tikaenzanisa pakukura bhuku ukoshi mita uye kilogram mainjiniya zvikuru yamunenge pane kushandiswa nomukaka (centi-, milli-, deci-, et unto.). Zvisinei, pfungwa iyi haana kuwanikwa hombe mhinduro mumwoyo avo vanoirima yakanyorerwa. Munyika yose, aishingaira yakatanga uye akashandisa arşive ezvinhu, saka Masvomhu kuteererwa GHS zvishoma uye zvishoma, uye pashure 1960, pakatanga nyika SI maitiro, GHS uye kushanda sei dzemamongi zvisingachashandiswi. Pari GHS chaizvoizvo kushandiswa tsika chete kana Masvomhu mu yokungotaura hurongwa uye zvokuongorora nyeredzi, nyika, uye ipapo nokuda nyore mitemo mufananidzo zvokurekodhwa yemagetsi.

Danho nedanho gwaro

Ngationgororei zvakadzama muenzaniso. Ngatitii dambudziko iri: "Unogona enzanisa kukosha matani 25 uye 19570 makirogiramu yaanopinda mukuru.?" Chii chaunofanira kuita chokutanga ndechokuti kuziva pane chii anokoshesa tiri kupiwa tsika. Saka, mutengo yokutanga tine kupiwa matani, uye yechipiri - mune makirogiramu. In danho rechipiri, tiongorore kana hatisi kuedza kupinda dzinovhiringidza basa compilers, kuedza kuenzanisa dissimilar tsika. Kunewo basa-misungo, kunyanya kufambira bvunzo, apo mhinduro mumwe mubvunzo unopirwa 20-30 seconds. Sezvo tinogona kuona, tsika dziri dzakafanana: mune makirogiramu uye matani tava akayera guru uye muviri uremu, saka muedzo wechipiri inopfuudzwa uine mugumisiro. Danho rechitatu, kushandura makirogiramu kuti tani, kana, Ukuwo, mumwe peche - mu makirogiramu kuti zvakanaka kuenzanisa. In wokutanga musimboti akatendeuka 25 uye 19,57 matani, uye wechipiri: 25 000 uye 19 570 makirogiramu. Uye ikozvino unogona norugare rwepfungwa kuenzanisa tsika tsika idzi. Zvakajeka zvinoonekwa, mutengo wokutanga (25 m) zvose zviitiko mukuru wechipiri (19 570 kg).

misungo

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, nemiedzo ano ane yakawanda basa-Bogus. Izvi hazvina hazvo parsed basa redu, chiteyeso kunogona chisingakuvadzi zvakasuruvara zvikuru mubvunzo, kunyanya rimwe iro Anoteterera mhinduro inonzwisisika. Zvisinei, kuti perfidy, sezvo mutemo, ari mashoko, kana duku nuance kuti drafters zviri basa vari kuedza munzira dzose kuti tivhare. Somuenzaniso, panzvimbo kujairana uve disassembled nezvinetso Pfungwa yacho mubvunzo: "Enzanisa mutengo apo zvinokwanisika" - the drafters of Muedzo kungoti kukumbira kuti kuenzanisa tsika idzi uye kusarudza tsika pachavo zvakafanana mumwe. Somuenzaniso, KG * m / S uye ² m / S ^2. Muchiitiko chokutanga ndiro simba kuita pamusoro chinhu (Newtons), uye wechipiri - kumhanyisa muviri, kana M / s uye ² m / S apo ukakumbirwa kuenzanisa kumhanyisa pakati kumhanya muviri, kuti zvachose dissimilar tsika.

kunzwisisa kuenzanisa

Zvisinei, kazhinji kacho ari mabasa kutungamirira tsika mbiri, akaratidza kwete siyana dzakabatana uye siyana mugadziriro kukarukureta, asi yakasiyanawo mumwe pamusoro chaizvo rwomuviri zvinoreva. Somuenzaniso, muna dambudziko mashoko rinoti: "Enzanisa zvinokosheswa simba uye kinematic viscosity uye kusarudza zvakawanda viscous mvura." The tsika kinematic viscosity zvinoitwa SI zviyero, kureva muna mamita ² / s, uye simba - the GHS, kureva zvinorema. Zvokuita panyaya iyi?

Kugadzirisa matambudziko aya, unogona kushandisa apa mirayiridzo ine chinamatidzwa diki nayo. We kusarudza pakati hurongwa kushanda; ngazviitwe kuti SI ezvinhu, chinoremedza mainjiniya. Danho rechipiri, isuwo kuongorora uye ona kana zviri Muteyo? Asi muenzaniso uyu zvakare, zvose zvakachena. We neiko zvinwiwa maviri parameter ari womukati kukweshera (viscosity) Zvisinei vose tsika dziri homogeneous. Danho rechitatu rokududzira kukumikidza viscosity kuti chivimbo muna Pascal-wechipiri, riri zvakafanana zviumbu of SI ino. Uyezve amushandurire kinematic viscosity mune simba, nokuwanza nayo nokuda runoenzanirana kukosha emura arambe achirema (tafura ukoshi) uye enzanisa zvabuda yapihwa.

kunze hurongwa

Panewo vasiri SI zviyero, kureva dzakabatana zvisiri SI, asi zvichienderana migumisiro convening General Conference kusarudza muzviyereso (GKVM), ichiri kushanda kushandiswa chete SI. Enzanisa tsika idzi mumwe chete kana vachiuya kuti rwakafanana kunoreva SI mureza. Kunze gadziriro zvinosanganisira zviumbu dzakadai miniti, awa, zuva, fő, Erekitironi volts, raiva pedyo nebundu ha, nemizariro, Angstrom, uye vamwe vakawanda.