Life uye basa Bulgakov

Bulgakov Mihail Afanasevich akaberekwa muna 1891, 3 (15) yaMay. Akaberekerwa muKiev. Vabereki munyori nezveramangwana - Barbara M. (Nee Intercession), mudzidzisi, pashure - the wezvikoro pamusoro vakadzi mapoka. Baba - somudzidzisi, akashanda ari Kiev Theological Academy. Michael ari mumhuri yakakura umo maiva tsika dzechinyakare vane simba kwazvo dangwe. Okugadzira zvinhu Bulgakov wake Biography, tichaita tsanangura munyaya ino.

Kudzidza chesekondari, chido yemitambo, mabhuku, muchato

Education wakaitwa rayo rokutanga Kiev jimunasiyamu. Munyori ramangwana kudzidza vaviri chete zvakaisvonaka mavanga - zvichienderana nemurairo waMwari, uye jogirafi. Panguva ino anofarira yemitambo (vanozivikanwa, somuenzaniso, mwoyo "Aida" uye "Faust") rinoti "nechido" Saltykov- Shchedrina uye Gogol vo chigadzirwa yokutanga, iyo kushanda Bulgakov yakati.

Muna 1907, baba vake vakafa. Muna 1913, Bulgakov akaroora TN Lappe.

basa chiremba

The nguva kubva 1916 kusvika 1917 - kumugumo Kiev University, apo iye akadzidza ari rorusununguko Medicine. Vasunungurwe yokudanwa chirwere, tiri kufarira munyori inoenda Zemstvo kusvika kuenda kuchipatara. Iyi nzvimbo raiva mumusha Nikolskoye (Smolensk dunhu). Uye shure kwechinguva akaenda Vyazma. "Notes chiremba wechiduku" akanga akanyorwa pachishandiswa ruzivo vakawana panguva iyi.

Practice muKiev

Muna 1918 Bulgakov akadzokera Kiev, kwaakanga oedza wokuita okurapa (private - venereal zvirwere sei volnopraktikuyuschy). Panguva ino, maererano munyori, akanzi ave chiremba ose nezviremera rwaigara guta mubasa dzose. Asi Bulgakov kutiza, uye Red Army, uye kubva Petliura, "vanoita" iye.

Muchiuto, basa nyanzvi mabhuku

Muna 1919-1920 zvinotevera zvinoitika muupenyu munyori. Bulgakov akanga "vanounganidzwa" Denikin uye akatuma kuna North Caucasus pamwe echelon. Pano akatanga kuita mabhuku nenyanzvi: panguva ino kwakanga ngano vokutanga mumapepanhau ose Vladikavkaz uye Grozny, izvo vanoratidza kwebasa chena tsitsi, nzwisiso se "nhoroondo dambudziko," ari abdication pakati Nicholas II, etc. Iye kwave kubatanidzwa kuva chiremba mukurwa. Denikin, kuenda pasi yakakuwandira of Red Army, vakakanda typhus Bulgakov kuti vazviriritire, waimira sehwaro kuora mwoyo izvi "mamwe masoja-mu-maoko." Mr Mikhail rinotanga pakasvika tsvuku Sub-nokupesana basa unyanzvi. Basa rake raiva mishumo Chekhov uye Pushkin, achinyora kuti yomunharaunda yemitambo dambe, mumwe icho, yainzi "Paris Tauriranai", iye kunyange akaenda kuMoscow, kuvimba kubudirira chiziviso muguta rino makwikwi.

Kutamira kuMoscow

Muna 1921, Mr Mikhail akasvika Moscow, apo akaenda kushandira pambiru munyori ari mabhuku dhipatimendi panguva vanhu Commissariat. Kunotsvaka basa kusvikira pakutanga NEP, kazhinji anochinja nzvimbo yake yebasa, imwe mupepeti iri nhoroondo imwe private mapepanhau, entertainers, mainjiniya, etc. Panguva iyoyo ndiro rinopedza pamusoro reminda, zvaiita furati imba, iyo kamwe ari fodya mugadziri. Kakawanda mores furati №50 kuchaitika nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana mabasa anoumba basa Bulgakov.

Muna 1922, Mr Mikhail nokushingaira achidhindwa pachaunga - mumagazini akadai "nyanga", "Basa", "Red magazini ose", "njanji", "Krasnaya niva" uye vamwe.

Pamwe mu "raundi matauriro", mabasa matsva muchato itsva

The nguva kubva 1922 kusvika 1926 - pamwe chete pepanhau pasi zita "muridzo" uye kudhindwa "Evha" muBerlin Russian pepanhau, ane mupepeti - AN NdiTolstoy, panguva iyoyo yakanga isati vadzoka kubva kuutapwa.

Life uye basa Bulgakov mumakore 1923-1924 kupa zvinotevera zviitiko zvikuru zviviri. Muna 1923 anooneka kuti yokufungidzira "Notes pamusoro hand cuffs." Gore rakatevera, Mr Mikhail anosangana L. E. Belozerskoy, vakadzoka vachibva kuutapwa muna Paris, akamuwanisa.

Muna 1925, basa Bulgakov raMwari rinoramba. Anozviratidza "Diaboliad" - nezvechikamu chokutanga, zvinosanganisira satirical nyaya. Ipapo anobuda uye dzakaunganidzwa nyaya inonzi "The Mitambo Ine Eggs". gore rinowo ndipo pakasikwa zvinyorwa "Mwoyo Dog" - basa makore chete pashure 60 yakabudiswa.

Search Bulgakov

Muna May 1926, Bulgakov chaiitirwa neDare OGPU kutsvaka, ukabata apa manyoro, uyewo diaries. Writer, kureva kakawanda vachimukumbira kuti kudzoka zvinhu izvi uye kwete kusvika zvikumbiro iwayo, hapana mhinduro, inoti achakurumidza kumanikidzirwa kubva Russian Union of Writers vakashinga. Pashure pabepa ichi, kusanganisira manyoro "The Mwoyo Dog" Bulgakov akadzokera.

Mabasa makore 1925-1928

Mumakore 1925-1926 anouya ichitanga "Stories", uyewo dzakaunganidzwa nyaya pfupi vanoda "Notes chiremba wechiduku."

Nokuti nguva kubva muna 1925 kusvika muna 1927 makore anotevera zviitiko. nganonyorwa "The White Guard" akasikwa. In kutsanangura mutambo "Mazuva Turbin" zvakanyorwa uye akaponesa muna 1926, iyo premiered panguva Moscow Art Theater rakaitwa panguva imwecheteyo.

Kubva 1926 kusvika 1928 Mikhail Bulgakov, ane upenyu uye basa anounzwa pepa rino, akanyora mutambo wainzi "Kumhanya", chete muna 1957, apo vakaona vateereri.

Muna 1926 uyewo mutambo "Zoyka furati" akasikwa, wakange kufanorongwa panguva Vakhtangov Theater. Pamwe "Mazuva Turbin," zvakanzi nokukurumidza wakasuduruka nokuda tendentious kutsoropodza kufurirwa.

Muna 1928 - mumwe chidimbu nokuda yemitambo ( "Shava Island"). It akanunurwa kuna Chamber Theater zvegore, zvisinei, uye nguva ino anenge Pakarepo mutambo rakarambidzwa.

Kunyatsoongorora okugadzira zvinhu Bulgakov mabhuku kutsoropodza

Mabhuku kutsoropodzwa ma1920 zvinofungidzirwa basa Mikhail Bulgakov kuti zvikuru kunaka. mabasa ake akanga asina kubudiswa, regai kutamba pachikuva. Somuenzaniso, munhu anozivikanwa mashoko asina kunaka pamusoro mutambo wenyika "Kumhanya" Stalin, uyo, mu maonero ake, ndiye "Anti-yeSoviet chaiyo." "Waste pepa" anonzi mutungamiriri "Shava Island". Mugumisiro kutambudzwa - Bulgakov Biography zvinhu uye icho pamberi vakanga kazhinji kwakaratidzwa nemashoko akaipa migumisiro kunyorerana nezviremera Soviet, anoramba pasina basa uye saka pasina nzira, anonyora "Hurumende USSR," tsamba uye anotuma nayo kero nomwe nemasangano siyana simba. Kuedza kunzwisisa zvaitika wavo, akatsanangura mutsamba wayo munyori wacho nzvimbo, achiti aida Guru Revolution of Evolution Mukuru, kuti zvikuru zvakasikwa, ari maonero ake, zvishoma nezvishoma nzira kare. Nokuti mufurati Mihailu Afanasevichu muna 1930 April 18 rinonzi Stalin pachake, uye somugumisiro zvatataurirana, munyori akavimbisa kupa mabasa ari Moscow Art Theater. Tacit nezvevakafa chibvumirano chisikwa varumbidze basa mutungamiri. Gare gare, muna 1939, ari kutamba rakanyorwa, yaiti "Batum", inotiudza "Young mutungamiri." Zvisinei, kana ayo kugutsikana kana mataurire chokurondedzera simba haana kugutsa.

Kushanda Moscow Art Theater

Sezvo kutanga basa muupenyu Moscow Art Theater Bulgakov uye basa achinja yekudyidzana. Bulgakov kubva pakutanga 1930 yemitambo ave mubatsiri mutungamiriri. Rinoreva iyi hwake chido Shilovskaya Elena Sergeevna (1929), uyo akazova mudzimai wake.

Dzaanoridza "Adhamu naEvha," rinowanikwa muna 1931. Panguva ino gore rakatevera, akanyora inoshandiswa pakutsigira kuti NdiTolstoy kuti "Hondo uye Rugare" by sezvakarayirwa Bolshoi Drama Theatre. Zvisinei, kuita izvi havamutswi.

Muna 1932, pakava dariro kwadzakabva kuti "Vakafa Mweya" Gogol vake. Vakadzokera Fafitera (panguva pachavo sezvairayirwa Stalin kuti) "Mazuva turbines."

Mutambo unonzi "The Cabal pamusoro Vanyengeri" akasikwa mumakore 1930-1936, akaisa muna 1943. Izvi pakurukurwa basa "Upenyu Monsieur of Moliere," imwe oupenyu nyaya, muna 1932-1933. Rakabudiswa muna 1962.

Mumwe mupanda, "Bliss", rakabudiswa muna 1934 (kwete rakabudiswa kusvikira 1966).

Muna 1934-1935 gg. kubva mutambo vanoda "Okupedzisira", akaisa pachikuva muna 1943. Pakutanga agamuchirwa pamwe chete V. V. Veresaevym.

Bulgakov anoramba "rework"

The nguva kubva 1934 kusvika 1936 Kunoonekwa zvinotevera zviitiko. Pane kutamba Bulgakov "Ivan Vasilievich". Izvi kuna nemapfekero kudzidzira panguva Theater kuti Satire basa wakasuduruka chete pamberi kuratidzwa. Munyori nokuti nguva kubva 1928 kusvika 1936, hapana chinhu haana kubudiswa, uyewo pachikuva kwete chimwe, rinomirira chepakutanga anoshanda MA Bulgakov. Mr Mikhail akaomesa anoramba "alterations", anomuudza (somuenzaniso, "reforge" chero chena mukuru kubva chigadzirwa "Kumhanya" kupedza echimurenga choral rwiyo "Shava Island," etc.).

Recent mabasa

Mumakore 1936-1937 "chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo yokufungidzira" hwakasikwa (konekwa basa). Rakabudiswa muna 1965.

Bulgakov muna 1938, anosika mutambo wainzi "Don Quixote." Kubva 1930 kusvikira pakuguma hwake uyewo akaramba kushanda kwake basa dzakakurumbira, icho Zvinyorwa nhasi pakutanga, kudzidza basa Bulgakov - "Tenzi Margarita".

Bulgakov muna 1940, akafa muMoscow kubva cheitsvo, kuti mhuri yake yakanga nhaka (vakapfuura vachibva baba munyori).

Izvi rinopedzisa upenyu uye basa Mikhail Bulgakov - zvino kuzivikanwa sezvo ari chaiwo mabhuku Russian.