Mapfupa Tubular: marongerwo uye ushande. mapfupa Long

Tubular mapfupa murume - pfupa inotungamirwa elongated cylindrical chimiro, zvinenge mativi. Kunyatsoteerera kunorondedzerwa configuration haako. Kazhinji, kureba pfupa kakawanda kunodzora paupamhi. Zvisinei, nhamba saizvozvo kunogona kuva akasiyana chaizvo. Inotungamirwa uye kukura repfupa tubular achiperekedzwa zvinoverengeka, chikuru chiri pamberi calcium sezvo makemikari Kufananidzira munyaya pakuvaka mapfupa tishu.

Pfungwa inotungamirwa cellular hurongwa zvakakwana refu. Karusiyamu kushaikwa kazhinji kunotungamirira pfupa curvature. The nekumwisa chaikosha ichi chinokosha kunogona kuva inokanganisa paumbwe marangwanda muuduku. Nokufamba kwenguva kudzivirira pfupa deformities iri kukura muviri, zvinokosha yokufudza mishonga muzvirongwa izvi.

The refu uye pfupi mapfupa tubular

The marangwanda kwevanhu inhaurwa chivako, takaberekwa tine zvinoverengeka dzichipfekeka zvirongwa. Mumwe chikamu muviri anoita wayo basa, uye ari kwose coherence nomunhu zvikamu kunobva rinokosha basa yose muviri. dzevanhu mapfupa refu zvinokosha chikamu marangwanda, izvo mhosva zvetsandanyama nemapfupa ushande. Panyaya iyi, basa muviri zvinogoneka chete kana kudyidzana pakati vechikamu zvose izvi. Vamwe mashandiro anoita pfupa zvivako zviri chiite kuenda nenzira dzose nzira, zvakadai vachifamba kana kumhanya. Cyclical uchidzokorora chete chiito anova automatic, pulses kunotangira hakusi muuropi uye kwete nechepakati tsinga uye tsandanyama rinenge munyaya kwacho.

mapfupa Tubular chokuita mumwe achishandisa nemarunda uye tsandanyama. The zvinofamba zvikamu marangwanda papfungwa nekutaurirana hinji mashandiro. mano akadaro mukati muviri womunhu mapfundo, chimwe nechimwe zvinenge zvakazara chaiwo hyaline shwashwa, kudzivisa kukweshera. Panguva kunyorerana pakati pemvura yemasiraidhi pamusoro weumwe amplitude, kufamba kwavo kunoitika zvakanyanya uye kunyatsoteerera yakaganhurirwa hwechiKomonisiti. tubular muviri vanoshupika pfupa, chero yakatsauka kubva akafanorongerwa inofamba Vector anokonzera kusawirirana uye kurwadziwa. In zvinoitirwawo zvakapfuuridza kutyora kwagara gwenya muoti vadyi anogona kubuda zvepanyama kuroorana uye nokudaro ari dislocation kunoitika.

Long mapfupa tubular evanhu marangwanda ndivo rutsigiro dzidzo mukuru, Zvinokosha zvakaisvonaka zvikuru uye hwakavimbika. Kunyange zvakadaro, vanofanira kuchengetedzwa, kwete mutoro zvakanyanyisa uye kazhinji kuti zororo. mapfupa Long vari rakakamurwa vakaparadzana marudzi:

• tibia;
• mumwe Shin diki;
• chidya;
• nemwaranzi;
• papfudzi;
• ulna.

Short mapfupa tubular:

• metatarsal;
• metacarpal;
• phalanges.

Kakawanda pfupi mapfupa tubular vari kuenderera refu.

Chii Mapfupa tubular maoko, zvimwe muzvirongwa muviri sangano? Ndiwo tibia uye femur. Short mapfupa tubular zvinopa mashandiro mhikuriso kufamba munzvimbo shoma-siyana.

mamiriro

Tubular pfupa panofanira kuva nechepakati mugove diaphysis, iyo inomirira elongated mhango kugumisa pane vose rinoguma epiphyses. The diaphysis iri tsvuku uropi, epiphysis vane hwakasimba chirambe chakapfava unaku uye akaturikidzana akafukidzwa shwashwa.

The epiphysis - pakutsanangura kuguma tubular pfupa, vakagumisa, ndine imwe chimiro, yakagadzirirwa coupling pamwe pedyo rwakashodoka. Mubatanidzwa zvikamu zviviri kana zvitatu Joint wakakwana, kushanda imwe purogiramu, injini muviri. Contact majoini muri zvimedu pakaunda-mhando chimiro, kana pemvura imwe hafu convex chimiro, uye mumwe - concave.

periosteum

Panze, mapfupa refu akafukidzwa periosteum, ari connective tishu rukoko. Chinhu mupenyu dzidzo makemikari, chinangwa chiri unodzivirira mabasa.

organics

The tubular pfupa fuma chinosanganisira Organic uye inorganic zvinhu. Huwandu mukati dzavo siyana muupenyu hwomunhu. Vana zera - nguva kutonga pamusoro Organic zvinhu mumuviri kuti anopa mapfupa kunzwisisa. With zera, murwiyo nezvinhu zvishoma nezvishoma Kuchinja munzvimbo yaro yakakodzera inogarwa inorganic zvinhu, izvo zvinopa simba. Izvi zvimwe munhu karusiyamu munyu.

vasiri mudziyo

• The tsindirana fuma rine muzvizhinji remafupa ndiro, pfupa akafukidza kuramba batana rukoko. Solid flakes zvabatanidzwa kupinda STRUCTURAL dzakabatana anonzi osteons. Akaumba zvimedu - a cylindrical inotungamirwa Organic zvivako mukati iro kuedzwe tsinga uye zviduku nemidziyo ropa.
• The fuma iri tsindirana cancellous akaturikidzana wakasiyana navo porous marongerwo. Panguva paumbwe trabeculae kuti cancellous zvinobatanidzwa - yepakutanga mapfupa septum. simba ravo kunotsamira pazvinhu zvakawanda.
• Mwongo - huru hematopoietic nhengo mumuviri womunhu, iro riri mukati mapfupa refu. Rakakamurwa dzamarudzi maviri: yeyero uye tsvuku. Wokutanga chakaumbwa masero mafuta uye zvakachengetwa diaphysis - chikuru chikamu tubular mapfupa. Red mwongo iri mune porous chikamu pineal shwanu uye ari rejira reticular, dzine zvapararira vaduku nemidziyo ropa. Ducts kuti masero aya richangobva kuumbwa kupinda choruzhinji. Tanga masero eropa itsva nokuda kurarama mumwongo hunde masero. The kwacho haagumiri kunyange yechipiri. Hezvoka osteoclasts uye osteoblasts, izvo update iri mhou zvivako, achiparadza usingachashandi.

kukura

mapfupa Long vanokurira kukura chaiyo epiphyseal ndiro. Shwashwa rukoko pakati epiphyses uye diaphysis anogona kukura nesimba pauduku uye kukura zvishoma nezvishoma panguva yokuyaruka, uye kukura uye ipapo. The muitiro iri nokudzorwa hormone uye haagumiri kusvikira yayo vasiri kupera.

Chinonyanya rinoita mapfupa kukura kunoitika munguva vasiri traction. Wokutanga nguva kunotora 5 kusvika 7, wechipiri - kubva 11 kusvika pamakore 15. Uyezve, kukura mapfupa inotungamirwa mberi, asi anononoka zvitange. Pakupedzisira, paumbwe marangwanda kutotanga apedza makore 20.

mitswe

Pathological kutyora kuvimbika munhu skeletal hurongwa anganzi pfupa mitswe zvichikonzerwa kunyanya mutoro.

The kukonzera mitswe:

• zvokuimba zvinokuvadza;
• siyana zvirwere kuparira kuderera repfupa simba (osteomyelitis, osteoporosis).

Marudzi mitswe:

• metaphyseal;
• epiphyseal;
• diaphyseal.

Zviratidzo kutsemuka;

• marwadzo kunowedzera zvinoshamisa kana mutoro;
• kuzvimba yokuvamba pashure Kwechinguva mhosva;
• zvakawanda hematoma, nekuratidzwa maminitsi 90 pashure zvinokuvadza;
• Kukundikana kushanda hunenge richiripo.

Zviratidzo kumhedziso hunhu:

• tyisa chinzvimbo maoko nemakumbo;
• ita mhirizhonga mufambo pamusoro dzakasiyana;
• kupfungwa crackle (kwomurazvo) pa nzvimbo zvinokuvadza;
• mapfupa Kurambana ari ronda, kunoratidzwa akazaruka mitswe.

kupora

Patsva uye nekupodzwa pfupa rinenge kunoitika kuburikidza nokuumbwa masero matsva pa nzvimbo zvinokuvadza. Kudzorerwa tubular mapfupa anogona kutora kubva mavhiki kuti kwemwedzi yakawanda. Apore kunoda Mhedziso zororo.

Pakuberekwa kutsva raisanganisira cambium rukoko pamusoro periosteum yellow nemwongo hunde masero.

Apore rakakamurwa muzvikamu zvina:

1. Autolysis - basa wevasungwa ropa Masero panguva kutsemuka nzvimbo uye kuparara akafa tishu zvimedu.
2. Kuwanda - Mashoko mapfupa masero semhinduro kukuvara pamwe mawa chizvarwa cartilaginous zvinyama riri ipapo mineralized.
3. Kudzorerwa ropa wedzerai, zvinoguma havachanyatsogoni kukuvara, paumbwe chitsidzo zvinhu.
4. Full kupora of medullary canal, kudzoka dzichipfekeka kugona.

Diagnostics

Chirwere pamusoro mitswe zvinofanira kuitwa muchipatara. Nokuti zvizere mufananidzo kuvadza X-ray kudzidza kusarudza Mhedziso uye hama zviratidzo kutsemuka.

The Diagnostics rinoitwa kurapwa, chine kuchinja ari gypsum Ufukidze kugadzira tai. Kana zvakakodzera, kushandisa traction dzokubudisa nzira. Izvi zvinoteverwa yakareba pakuongorora murwere wacho nemamiriro nemishonga.